G. S. Bektasova, K. M. Issina, G. T. Imanzhanova, L.I. Kvenglis, N. Kantai, A. I. Nedobitkov, A. B. Sadibekov
This work is devoted to the study of changes in the crystal structure, chemical and phase composition of copper samples subjected to extreme effects of temperature, pressure and electromagnetic fields. With the help of X-ray diffraction, as well as microanalysis, it was revealed that the plastic deformation of copper wires in the car power supply system leads to the formation of a superconducting Cu2O phase. This is the reason for the rapid ignition of the car, as it leads to a sharp increase in the magnitude of the electric current and temperature in the plastic deformation zone of copper wires. During explosion welding of copper samples, the Cu2O phase appears on their surface, which has superconducting properties. This significantly changes the electrophysical properties of copper samples. In metallurgical processes during the smelting of copper products, there is a possibility of the appearance of a superconducting Cu2O phase. When modifying a copper melt with hardening additives, the superconducting Cu2O phase makes it possible to obtain fracture-resistant copper products with high electrical conductivity. Plastic deformation of a copper foil 30 mkm thick by a magnetic field generated by a current of 180 kA leads to the formation of a texture and rupture of the foil. This has been detected using X-ray diffraction, as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy.
这项工作致力于研究铜样品在温度、压力和电磁场的极端影响下晶体结构、化学成分和相组成的变化。借助 X 射线衍射以及显微分析发现，汽车供电系统中铜线的塑性变形导致超导 Cu2O 相的形成。这就是汽车迅速点火的原因，因为它导致铜线塑性变形区的电流大小和温度急剧上升。在铜样品爆炸焊接过程中，其表面会出现具有超导特性的 Cu2O 相。这极大地改变了铜样品的电物理特性。在冶炼铜产品的冶金过程中，有可能出现超导 Cu2O 相。当使用硬化添加剂对铜熔体进行改性时，超导 Cu2O 相使获得具有高导电率的抗断裂铜产品成为可能。在 180 kA 电流产生的磁场作用下，厚度为 30 mkm 的铜箔发生塑性变形，从而形成纹理并破裂。这可以通过 X 射线衍射以及光学和扫描电子显微镜检测到。
{"title":"Study of the copper structure samples externed to extreme influences","authors":"G. S. Bektasova, K. M. Issina, G. T. Imanzhanova, L.I. Kvenglis, N. Kantai, A. I. Nedobitkov, A. B. Sadibekov","doi":"10.31489/2024ph1/73-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2024ph1/73-82","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the study of changes in the crystal structure, chemical and phase composition of copper samples subjected to extreme effects of temperature, pressure and electromagnetic fields. With the help of X-ray diffraction, as well as microanalysis, it was revealed that the plastic deformation of copper wires in the car power supply system leads to the formation of a superconducting Cu2O phase. This is the reason for the rapid ignition of the car, as it leads to a sharp increase in the magnitude of the electric current and temperature in the plastic deformation zone of copper wires. During explosion welding of copper samples, the Cu2O phase appears on their surface, which has superconducting properties. This significantly changes the electrophysical properties of copper samples. In metallurgical processes during the smelting of copper products, there is a possibility of the appearance of a superconducting Cu2O phase. When modifying a copper melt with hardening additives, the superconducting Cu2O phase makes it possible to obtain fracture-resistant copper products with high electrical conductivity. Plastic deformation of a copper foil 30 mkm thick by a magnetic field generated by a current of 180 kA leads to the formation of a texture and rupture of the foil. This has been detected using X-ray diffraction, as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An optimal solution has been found to the problem of obtaining p0-n0 junctions based on lightly doped GaAs layers with high values of electrical parameters and specified thicknesses of base layers to create ultra-fast high-voltage pulsed three-electrode switches with a photon injection mechanism of minority charge carriers. A technology has been developed for the formation of high-voltage, powerful subnano-second photonic injection switches based on gallium arsenide and its solid solutions. The dependence of the current rise time, switching voltage and switching stability relative to the control pulse of high-voltage photonic injection switches in a wide current and frequency mode of their operation, its sensitivity to various external influences, as well as dependence on the thickness of the p0-layer, on the transmission coefficient, on breakdown voltage Uprobe of the high-voltage p0-n0 junction. The carried out studies and the obtained results indicate the prospects of using the developed high-voltage pulsed semiconductor devices in picosecond optoelectronics for pumping high-power laser and LED structures.
{"title":"Development of technology for creating high-voltage p0–n0 junctions based on GaAs","authors":"A.M. Sultanov, A.A. Abdukarimov, M.Z. Kufian","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/50-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/50-56","url":null,"abstract":"An optimal solution has been found to the problem of obtaining p0-n0 junctions based on lightly doped GaAs layers with high values of electrical parameters and specified thicknesses of base layers to create ultra-fast high-voltage pulsed three-electrode switches with a photon injection mechanism of minority charge carriers. A technology has been developed for the formation of high-voltage, powerful subnano-second photonic injection switches based on gallium arsenide and its solid solutions. The dependence of the current rise time, switching voltage and switching stability relative to the control pulse of high-voltage photonic injection switches in a wide current and frequency mode of their operation, its sensitivity to various external influences, as well as dependence on the thickness of the p0-layer, on the transmission coefficient, on breakdown voltage Uprobe of the high-voltage p0-n0 junction. The carried out studies and the obtained results indicate the prospects of using the developed high-voltage pulsed semiconductor devices in picosecond optoelectronics for pumping high-power laser and LED structures.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"28 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Nussupbekov, M. S. Ovcharov, E. Z. Oshanov, U. B. Yesbergenov, M. Duisenbayeva, A. A. Tishbekov, M. K. Amanzholova
In the article, in order to solve environmental problems associated with heating buildings and structures, the methods of converting electrical energy into thermal energy and the processes occurring at the same time are considered. Well-known thermal installations, such as vortex, cavitation, cavitation-vortex, rotary, do not fully meet the requirements of consumers. In these conditions, the search for effective solutions is an urgent task. Such solutions include a method of obtaining thermal energy by creating pressure at the throttle openings by inertia forces of a rotating mass of liquid. To determine the flow of liquid through the throttle holes, an experimental stand was made. With the help of the stand, we determined the flow rate of liquid through throttle holes with a diameter of 1.5, 2, 3 mm. During the experiment, it was found that the larger the diameter of the throttle opening, the higher the fluid flow. However, it is impossible to excessively increase the diameter of the throttle opening, as this will complicate the creation of pressure at the throttle openings. It is found that with an increase in the angular velocity of the rotor, the fluid pressure at the throttle openings increases, and the proportion of fluid flow from the preliminary static pressure in the total flow decreases. It is certain that the preliminary static pressure in the supply line has a significant effect on the flow rate only at low rotor speeds (ω up to = 76 rad / s), and with increasing angular velocity, its influence decreases and the coefficient k tends to 1.
为了解决与建筑物和构筑物供暖有关的环境问题，文章考虑了将电能转化为热能的方法以及同时发生的过程。众所周知的热能设备，如涡流、空化、空化-涡流、旋转等，并不能完全满足消费者的要求。在这种情况下，寻找有效的解决方案成为当务之急。这些解决方案包括通过旋转液体的惯性力在节流阀开口处产生压力来获取热能的方法。为了确定流经节流孔的液体流量，我们制作了一个实验台。借助支架，我们测定了液体通过直径为 1.5、2、3 毫米的节流孔的流量。实验发现，节流孔直径越大，液体流量越大。但是，节流孔的直径不能过分增大，否则会使节流孔处产生的压力复杂化。研究发现，随着转子角速度的增大，节流阀开口处的流体压力会增大，总流量中来自初静压的流体流量比例会减小。可以肯定的是，只有在转子速度较低（ω = 76 rad / s 以下）时，供油管中的初静压才会对流量产生显著影响，而随着角速度的增加，其影响会减小，系数 k 趋于 1。
{"title":"Determination of the effects of the diameters of the throttle holes on the fluid flow of an inertial hydrodynamic installation","authors":"B. Nussupbekov, M. S. Ovcharov, E. Z. Oshanov, U. B. Yesbergenov, M. Duisenbayeva, A. A. Tishbekov, M. K. Amanzholova","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/82-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/82-90","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, in order to solve environmental problems associated with heating buildings and structures, the methods of converting electrical energy into thermal energy and the processes occurring at the same time are considered. Well-known thermal installations, such as vortex, cavitation, cavitation-vortex, rotary, do not fully meet the requirements of consumers. In these conditions, the search for effective solutions is an urgent task. Such solutions include a method of obtaining thermal energy by creating pressure at the throttle openings by inertia forces of a rotating mass of liquid. To determine the flow of liquid through the throttle holes, an experimental stand was made. With the help of the stand, we determined the flow rate of liquid through throttle holes with a diameter of 1.5, 2, 3 mm. During the experiment, it was found that the larger the diameter of the throttle opening, the higher the fluid flow. However, it is impossible to excessively increase the diameter of the throttle opening, as this will complicate the creation of pressure at the throttle openings. It is found that with an increase in the angular velocity of the rotor, the fluid pressure at the throttle openings increases, and the proportion of fluid flow from the preliminary static pressure in the total flow decreases. It is certain that the preliminary static pressure in the supply line has a significant effect on the flow rate only at low rotor speeds (ω up to = 76 rad / s), and with increasing angular velocity, its influence decreases and the coefficient k tends to 1.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"66 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kambarov, A. Kengesbekov, Zh.B. Sagdoldina, D. Buitkenov
AlCoCrFeNi powders in equimolar ratios were synthesized by mechanochemical synthesis on a high-energy ball milling machine (HEBM). The elemental and phase composition of AlCoCrFeNi powders before and after mechanochemical synthesis were investigated by X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy with EDS analysis. A preliminary mathematical calculation of the physical parameter responsible for the phase stability of the solid solution valence electron concentration (VEC) showed that the fusion of this system should form the FCC phase. However, the result of XRD analysis showed that during the synthesis a solid solution with FCC and BCC phases was formed. The EDS mapping results of AlCoCrFeNi powders after HEBM showed a homogeneous distribution of elements without macro-segregation. The results presented in this work indicate the formation of a high-entropy alloy of AlCoCrFeNi system in a short time of mechanochemical synthesis. Continuous deformation, fracture and cold welding during mechanochemical synthesis leads to increased diffusion of elements and accounts for the formation of the HEA alloy.
{"title":"Mechanochemical synthesis of AlCoCrFeNi powders via high-energy ball milling","authors":"Y. Kambarov, A. Kengesbekov, Zh.B. Sagdoldina, D. Buitkenov","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/76-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/76-81","url":null,"abstract":"AlCoCrFeNi powders in equimolar ratios were synthesized by mechanochemical synthesis on a high-energy ball milling machine (HEBM). The elemental and phase composition of AlCoCrFeNi powders before and after mechanochemical synthesis were investigated by X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy with EDS analysis. A preliminary mathematical calculation of the physical parameter responsible for the phase stability of the solid solution valence electron concentration (VEC) showed that the fusion of this system should form the FCC phase. However, the result of XRD analysis showed that during the synthesis a solid solution with FCC and BCC phases was formed. The EDS mapping results of AlCoCrFeNi powders after HEBM showed a homogeneous distribution of elements without macro-segregation. The results presented in this work indicate the formation of a high-entropy alloy of AlCoCrFeNi system in a short time of mechanochemical synthesis. Continuous deformation, fracture and cold welding during mechanochemical synthesis leads to increased diffusion of elements and accounts for the formation of the HEA alloy.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"26 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Berdibekov, V. Laurinas, A. Dolya, V.V. Gruzin, S. Guchenko, A. Baltabekov
The aim of the work was to identify the possibility of using under extreme conditions parts made of inexpensive steel, protected by sequentially deposited films — Cr and then simultaneously TiN + CrN, micron thickness. Steel grade St3 (Fe ~ 97%) was chosen as the basis. In our country, as in many others, this steel is not only the most common structural material with easy processing and low cost, but also produced in large volumes. The deposition of two consecutive layers of films — Cr and TiN + CrN on steel substrates was carried out using vacuum-arc technology (Arc-PVD). The measurements were carried out after the process of periodic heating of the samples to a temperature of 650 0C, followed by rapid cooling, implemented by immersing the samples in water. The main parameters of the coating were measured — wear resistance, heat resistance, microhardness. Each thermal effect lasted 20 hours, and the entire heating-cooling process was carried out 5 times. The results obtained in this work can be considered very promising for the protection of inexpensive steels.
这项工作的目的是确定在极端条件下使用由廉价钢材制成的部件的可能性，这些部件由连续沉积的薄膜（Cr）和同时沉积的 TiN + CrN（微米厚）保护。我们选择了 St3 钢（铁含量约为 97%）作为基础。在我国和其他许多国家一样，这种钢不仅是最常见的结构材料，易于加工，成本低，而且产量大。采用真空电弧技术（Arc-PVD）在钢基板上连续沉积了两层薄膜--Cr 和 TiN + CrN。测量是在样品周期性加热至 650 0C 温度后进行的，随后通过将样品浸入水中进行快速冷却。测量了涂层的主要参数--耐磨性、耐热性、显微硬度。每次热效应持续 20 小时，整个加热-冷却过程进行了 5 次。这项工作所取得的结果对于保护价格低廉的钢材是非常有前景的。
{"title":"Possibility of using inexpensive steel protected by deposited vacuum-arc coatings as a basis for parts and tools coating technology","authors":"A. Berdibekov, V. Laurinas, A. Dolya, V.V. Gruzin, S. Guchenko, A. Baltabekov","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/91-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/91-95","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to identify the possibility of using under extreme conditions parts made of inexpensive steel, protected by sequentially deposited films — Cr and then simultaneously TiN + CrN, micron thickness. Steel grade St3 (Fe ~ 97%) was chosen as the basis. In our country, as in many others, this steel is not only the most common structural material with easy processing and low cost, but also produced in large volumes. The deposition of two consecutive layers of films — Cr and TiN + CrN on steel substrates was carried out using vacuum-arc technology (Arc-PVD). The measurements were carried out after the process of periodic heating of the samples to a temperature of 650 0C, followed by rapid cooling, implemented by immersing the samples in water. The main parameters of the coating were measured — wear resistance, heat resistance, microhardness. Each thermal effect lasted 20 hours, and the entire heating-cooling process was carried out 5 times. The results obtained in this work can be considered very promising for the protection of inexpensive steels.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"393 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Saidakhmetov, I. Piyanzina, G. Baiman, O. Nedopekin, D. Tayurskii
In this paper, the process of glass transition is studied, the theory of which is not fully developed. Computer modeling can be used to understand the theory of this phenomenon. The glass transition temperature is influenced by a large number of polymer parameters: cooling rate, pressure, presence of diluent, structural features, etc. We are considering a number of different polymers to test the ability of the pcff+ force field to determine the glass transition temperature. The effect of tactility, composition, pressure and the presence of a diluent on the glass transition temperature of polymers will be shown using molecular dynamics (MD) and pcff+ force-field modeling. The effect of tact was studied using the use of atactic, isotactic and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) and atactic, isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene. The LAMMPS code integrated into the MedeA computing environment was used to simulate the molecular dynamics of polymers. The calculation of the glass transition temperature at different cooling rates is closely related to the balanced initial systems. Due to the inability of current atomistic simulations to achieve the required cooling rates, as in experiments, the gap was not sharp and quite obvious. The data obtained show that the pcf+ force field describes tactics quite effectively and gives differences in the glass transition temperature for different types of tact. For polymers diluted with CO2, the glass transition temperature decreases almost linearly, which is in good agreement with the experiment. As expected, the pressure increases the glass transition temperature. However, at high pressure, the slope fracture disappears, and the determination of Tg becomes extremely difficult. The simulated annealing process will be applied to a set of polymers to obtain graphs of the specific volume versus temperature and determine the glass transition temperature.
{"title":"The glass transition temperature investigation of polymers by molecular dynamic simulations","authors":"P. Saidakhmetov, I. Piyanzina, G. Baiman, O. Nedopekin, D. Tayurskii","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/57-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/57-64","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the process of glass transition is studied, the theory of which is not fully developed. Computer modeling can be used to understand the theory of this phenomenon. The glass transition temperature is influenced by a large number of polymer parameters: cooling rate, pressure, presence of diluent, structural features, etc. We are considering a number of different polymers to test the ability of the pcff+ force field to determine the glass transition temperature. The effect of tactility, composition, pressure and the presence of a diluent on the glass transition temperature of polymers will be shown using molecular dynamics (MD) and pcff+ force-field modeling. The effect of tact was studied using the use of atactic, isotactic and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) and atactic, isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene. The LAMMPS code integrated into the MedeA computing environment was used to simulate the molecular dynamics of polymers. The calculation of the glass transition temperature at different cooling rates is closely related to the balanced initial systems. Due to the inability of current atomistic simulations to achieve the required cooling rates, as in experiments, the gap was not sharp and quite obvious. The data obtained show that the pcf+ force field describes tactics quite effectively and gives differences in the glass transition temperature for different types of tact. For polymers diluted with CO2, the glass transition temperature decreases almost linearly, which is in good agreement with the experiment. As expected, the pressure increases the glass transition temperature. However, at high pressure, the slope fracture disappears, and the determination of Tg becomes extremely difficult. The simulated annealing process will be applied to a set of polymers to obtain graphs of the specific volume versus temperature and determine the glass transition temperature.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"311 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ukrainets, S. Girnis, K.T. Makashev, V.T. Stanevich
This study explores the impact of uniformly moving normal and torsional loads along an infinitely long circular cylindrical cavity, situated within a half-space (body), on the behavior of the elastic half-space. The cavity is either unreinforced or reinforced by a thin-walled elastic shell. To describe the motion of the body and the shell, dynamic equations of elasticity theory in the Lamé potentials and equations of the classical shell theory are used, respectively. The equations are represented in coordinate systems moving together with the loads (cylindrical or Cartesian). The method of integral Fourier transform is used to determine the stress-strain state (SSS) of the half-space. The solution to this problem considers waves reflected from the boundary of the half-space, which occur during the movement of loads, instead of assuming the body is an elastic space like similar works. The results of numerical experiments are presented, illustrating the influence of the shell on the deformed state of the half-space boundary under the action of axisymmetric normal and shear loads, which are uniformly applied within a certain range and move at a constant speed.
{"title":"Dynamic response of unsupported and supported cavities in an elastic half-space under moving normal and torsional loads","authors":"V. Ukrainets, S. Girnis, K.T. Makashev, V.T. Stanevich","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/65-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/65-75","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of uniformly moving normal and torsional loads along an infinitely long circular cylindrical cavity, situated within a half-space (body), on the behavior of the elastic half-space. The cavity is either unreinforced or reinforced by a thin-walled elastic shell. To describe the motion of the body and the shell, dynamic equations of elasticity theory in the Lamé potentials and equations of the classical shell theory are used, respectively. The equations are represented in coordinate systems moving together with the loads (cylindrical or Cartesian). The method of integral Fourier transform is used to determine the stress-strain state (SSS) of the half-space. The solution to this problem considers waves reflected from the boundary of the half-space, which occur during the movement of loads, instead of assuming the body is an elastic space like similar works. The results of numerical experiments are presented, illustrating the influence of the shell on the deformed state of the half-space boundary under the action of axisymmetric normal and shear loads, which are uniformly applied within a certain range and move at a constant speed.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"213 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.K. Tazhibayev, M.K. Beisembekov, X. Rozhkova, A. Zhakanova, A. Aimukhanov, A.T. Makhabayeva, A. Zeinidenov
The paper presents the results of a study of the structural, optical and electrophysical characteristics of phthalocyanine films and its metal complexes with different thicknesses. Films of phthalocyanine and its metal complexes were obtained on the conductive surface of the FTO by thermal evaporation in vacuum. It is shown that the observed broadening of the B and Q bands and the hypsochromic shift of the maxima in the absorption spectra are associated with the central atom. With a decrease in the thickness of MPc films, there is a decrease in the value of the half-width of the absorption spectra. The effect of the thickness of phthalocyanine films on the efficiency of generation and transport of charge carriers in the FTO/MPc/Al cell was studied. It is shown that the VAC increases almost 2.5 times compared to a photocell based on a metal-free phthalocyanine. From the obtained impedance measurement data, it was found that the electrophysical parameters of phthalocyanines depend on the values of optical density, broadening of absorption bands in the short-wave and visible spectral regions, which is consistent with the data of the volt-ampere characteristic.
{"title":"Impact of the thickness of phthalocyanine films and its metal complexes on optical and electrical properties","authors":"S.K. Tazhibayev, M.K. Beisembekov, X. Rozhkova, A. Zhakanova, A. Aimukhanov, A.T. Makhabayeva, A. Zeinidenov","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/14-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/14-22","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a study of the structural, optical and electrophysical characteristics of phthalocyanine films and its metal complexes with different thicknesses. Films of phthalocyanine and its metal complexes were obtained on the conductive surface of the FTO by thermal evaporation in vacuum. It is shown that the observed broadening of the B and Q bands and the hypsochromic shift of the maxima in the absorption spectra are associated with the central atom. With a decrease in the thickness of MPc films, there is a decrease in the value of the half-width of the absorption spectra. The effect of the thickness of phthalocyanine films on the efficiency of generation and transport of charge carriers in the FTO/MPc/Al cell was studied. It is shown that the VAC increases almost 2.5 times compared to a photocell based on a metal-free phthalocyanine. From the obtained impedance measurement data, it was found that the electrophysical parameters of phthalocyanines depend on the values of optical density, broadening of absorption bands in the short-wave and visible spectral regions, which is consistent with the data of the volt-ampere characteristic.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kayumova, S.V. Savilov, P. Zhanbirbayeva, A. Baltabekov, M.S. Dzhakupova, T. Serikov
This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of the area of nanocomposite films formed by titanium dioxide nanorods, silver nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (TNR/Ag/rGO) on its photocatalytic activity. The active area of the nanocomposite films was S=1cm2, S=1.5cm2, S=2cm2, S=3cm2. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was assessed by the value of the generated photocurrent per unit surface of the film and the photodegradation of the methylene blue dye when the surface was illuminated with a light source from a xenon lamp (300 W). A film with an area of 1 cm2 generated 0.00042 A/cm2. With increasing film area S=1.5 cm2, S=2cm2, S=3cm2, the photocurrent density was 0.00035 A/cm2, 0.00028 A/cm2, 0.00013 A/cm2, respectively. It was found that in the absence of a nanocomposite film, the degradation of the dye is negligible. When the TNR/Ag/rGO film was immersed in a dye solution, the degradation of the dye increased and amounted to 32, 59, 70 and 81 % for S=1cm2, S=1.5 cm2, S=2cm2, S=3cm2 with an irradiation duration of 240 minutes. The results obtained suggested that as the active surface area of the films increases, their photocatalytic activity decreases. The decrease in photocatalytic activity is associated with surface defects and an increase in film resistance.
{"title":"Effect of TNR/Ag/rGO film area on its photocatalytic activity","authors":"A. Kayumova, S.V. Savilov, P. Zhanbirbayeva, A. Baltabekov, M.S. Dzhakupova, T. Serikov","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/6-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/6-13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of the area of nanocomposite films formed by titanium dioxide nanorods, silver nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (TNR/Ag/rGO) on its photocatalytic activity. The active area of the nanocomposite films was S=1cm2, S=1.5cm2, S=2cm2, S=3cm2. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was assessed by the value of the generated photocurrent per unit surface of the film and the photodegradation of the methylene blue dye when the surface was illuminated with a light source from a xenon lamp (300 W). A film with an area of 1 cm2 generated 0.00042 A/cm2. With increasing film area S=1.5 cm2, S=2cm2, S=3cm2, the photocurrent density was 0.00035 A/cm2, 0.00028 A/cm2, 0.00013 A/cm2, respectively. It was found that in the absence of a nanocomposite film, the degradation of the dye is negligible. When the TNR/Ag/rGO film was immersed in a dye solution, the degradation of the dye increased and amounted to 32, 59, 70 and 81 % for S=1cm2, S=1.5 cm2, S=2cm2, S=3cm2 with an irradiation duration of 240 minutes. The results obtained suggested that as the active surface area of the films increases, their photocatalytic activity decreases. The decrease in photocatalytic activity is associated with surface defects and an increase in film resistance.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Fedorenko, V. Kossov, S.A. Krasikov, M. Zhaneli, T. Seydaz
For argon and carbon dioxide, which are part of the tetra-component gas mixture He + Ar + CO2 – N2 and are the heaviest compared to other components, graphs of the behavior of the concentration of these components at different points of the diffusion channel and time intervals are presented. To simulate convective flows in the four-component mixture under consideration, the Flow Simulation computer package included in the SolidWorks engineering design system was used. The equations are solved by the finite volume method using the standard k – ε turbulence model and with initial and boundary conditions. Indicated, that obtained distributions change nonlinearly both in time and along the length of the diffusion channel. In this case, there is a change in the diffusion process to a convective one, which is due to the nonlinearity in the distribution of the components concentration, which is connected with the imbalance of mechanical equilibrium. It was found that the most significant change in the behavior of the concentrations of heavy-weight components occurs within 120 s. This time interval coincides with the appearance of two contrasting areas on the graphs, namely, the formation of a developed convective flow. An enhancement in the time of the numerical experiment showed that the concentration of the component with the maximal molar mass remains practically unchanged. This behavior of the concentration of heavy-weight components is characteristic of the effect when the mixture is enriched in the heavy-weight component. An analysis of the streamlines on the plots of concentration distributions showed that vortices of various scales interacting with each other and leading to a pulsating mixing regime are formed along the length of the channel. It has been established that the presence of large-scale vortices determines the preferential migration of the components with the maximal molar mass.
氩气和二氧化碳是四组分混合气体 He + Ar + CO2 - N2 的一部分，与其他组分相比，氩气和二氧化碳是最重的组分，本文展示了这些组分在扩散通道不同点和不同时间间隔的浓度变化图。为了模拟所考虑的四组份混合物中的对流，使用了 SolidWorks 工程设计系统中的流动模拟计算机软件包。使用标准 k - ε 湍流模型和初始及边界条件，通过有限体积法求解方程。结果表明，所获得的分布在时间上和沿扩散通道的长度上都发生了非线性变化。在这种情况下，扩散过程转变为对流过程，这是由于成分浓度分布的非线性，这与机械平衡的不平衡有关。研究发现，重量级成分浓度行为的最显著变化发生在 120 秒内。该时间间隔与图形上出现的两个对比区域（即形成发达的对流）相吻合。数值实验时间的延长表明，摩尔质量最大的成分的浓度实际上保持不变。当混合物中富含重量级成分时，重量级成分浓度的这种表现是其效果的特征。对浓度分布图上流线的分析表明，不同尺度的涡流相互影响，导致脉动混合机制沿通道长度方向形成。大尺度漩涡的存在决定了具有最大摩尔质量的组分的优先迁移。
{"title":"Numerical modelling of multi-component mass transfer regimes in four-component gas systems","authors":"O. Fedorenko, V. Kossov, S.A. Krasikov, M. Zhaneli, T. Seydaz","doi":"10.31489/2023ph4/38-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/38-49","url":null,"abstract":"For argon and carbon dioxide, which are part of the tetra-component gas mixture He + Ar + CO2 – N2 and are the heaviest compared to other components, graphs of the behavior of the concentration of these components at different points of the diffusion channel and time intervals are presented. To simulate convective flows in the four-component mixture under consideration, the Flow Simulation computer package included in the SolidWorks engineering design system was used. The equations are solved by the finite volume method using the standard k – ε turbulence model and with initial and boundary conditions. Indicated, that obtained distributions change nonlinearly both in time and along the length of the diffusion channel. In this case, there is a change in the diffusion process to a convective one, which is due to the nonlinearity in the distribution of the components concentration, which is connected with the imbalance of mechanical equilibrium. It was found that the most significant change in the behavior of the concentrations of heavy-weight components occurs within 120 s. This time interval coincides with the appearance of two contrasting areas on the graphs, namely, the formation of a developed convective flow. An enhancement in the time of the numerical experiment showed that the concentration of the component with the maximal molar mass remains practically unchanged. This behavior of the concentration of heavy-weight components is characteristic of the effect when the mixture is enriched in the heavy-weight component. An analysis of the streamlines on the plots of concentration distributions showed that vortices of various scales interacting with each other and leading to a pulsating mixing regime are formed along the length of the channel. It has been established that the presence of large-scale vortices determines the preferential migration of the components with the maximal molar mass.","PeriodicalId":505293,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University \"Physics Series\"","volume":"703 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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