This study examined the impact of tea polyphenols (TPs) on the intestinal flora of loaches (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) under chronic ammonia nitrogen stress using high-throughput sequencing. Two groups of 600 loaches were studied over one month, and they were separated into a control group and tea polyphenol group. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed diverse bacterial communities, with significant differences in the abundance and uniformity observed initially but not between sampling time points. Cluster analyses revealed distinct differences in microbial communities between groups. A predictive function analysis indicated enrichment in pathways related to amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis. These findings offer initial insights into how tea polyphenols may affect intestinal microbial communities in loaches under ammonia nitrogen stress.
{"title":"Assessing the Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Gut Microbiota of Loaches (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) under Chronic Ammonia Nitrogen Stress","authors":"Yuqiao Chai, Shuhao Sun, Yingdong Li","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050180","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the impact of tea polyphenols (TPs) on the intestinal flora of loaches (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) under chronic ammonia nitrogen stress using high-throughput sequencing. Two groups of 600 loaches were studied over one month, and they were separated into a control group and tea polyphenol group. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed diverse bacterial communities, with significant differences in the abundance and uniformity observed initially but not between sampling time points. Cluster analyses revealed distinct differences in microbial communities between groups. A predictive function analysis indicated enrichment in pathways related to amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis. These findings offer initial insights into how tea polyphenols may affect intestinal microbial communities in loaches under ammonia nitrogen stress.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang’an Wang, Fangyuan Li, Di Wang, Shaoxia Lu, Shicheng Han, Wei Gu, Haibo Jiang, Zhuang Li, Hongbai Liu
This study evaluates the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and intestinal health in triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Administered in a 12-week trial, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic feeds contained different C. butyricum levels [G1 (0), G2 (1.6 × 106 CFU/g), G3 (1.2 × 107 CFU/g), G4 (1.1 × 108 CFU/g), and G5 (1.3 × 109 CFU/g)]. Significant enhancements in growth performance, including improved feed conversion ratios and specific growth rates in the G4 group, were indicative of enhanced nutrient utilization, corroborated by optimal digestive enzyme activity levels. Antioxidant capabilities were also enhanced in the G4 group, indicated by increased serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, along with a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels. Gut microbiota analysis indicated a probiotic concentration-dependent modulation of microbial communities, with a marked enrichment in beneficial bacterial phyla like Firmicutes in the G4 group. This microbial shift correlated with significant downregulations in immune-related gene expressions, including interleukins (IL-1β, IL-8), NF-κB, MyD88, and TNF-α, highlighting an activated immune response. Correspondingly, serum lysozyme and immunoglobulin M contents were significantly elevated in the G4 group. Challenge tests with Aeromonas salmonicida exhibited the higher disease resistance of fish fed the G4 diet. In conclusion, the study shows the potential of dietary C. butyricum, especially at 1.1 × 108 CFU/g, in enhancing the growth, health, and disease resistance of triploid rainbow trout through modulating gut microflora and stimulating immune responses.
{"title":"Enhancing Growth and Intestinal Health in Triploid Rainbow Trout Fed a Low-Fish-Meal Diet through Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum","authors":"Chang’an Wang, Fangyuan Li, Di Wang, Shaoxia Lu, Shicheng Han, Wei Gu, Haibo Jiang, Zhuang Li, Hongbai Liu","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050178","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and intestinal health in triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Administered in a 12-week trial, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic feeds contained different C. butyricum levels [G1 (0), G2 (1.6 × 106 CFU/g), G3 (1.2 × 107 CFU/g), G4 (1.1 × 108 CFU/g), and G5 (1.3 × 109 CFU/g)]. Significant enhancements in growth performance, including improved feed conversion ratios and specific growth rates in the G4 group, were indicative of enhanced nutrient utilization, corroborated by optimal digestive enzyme activity levels. Antioxidant capabilities were also enhanced in the G4 group, indicated by increased serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, along with a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels. Gut microbiota analysis indicated a probiotic concentration-dependent modulation of microbial communities, with a marked enrichment in beneficial bacterial phyla like Firmicutes in the G4 group. This microbial shift correlated with significant downregulations in immune-related gene expressions, including interleukins (IL-1β, IL-8), NF-κB, MyD88, and TNF-α, highlighting an activated immune response. Correspondingly, serum lysozyme and immunoglobulin M contents were significantly elevated in the G4 group. Challenge tests with Aeromonas salmonicida exhibited the higher disease resistance of fish fed the G4 diet. In conclusion, the study shows the potential of dietary C. butyricum, especially at 1.1 × 108 CFU/g, in enhancing the growth, health, and disease resistance of triploid rainbow trout through modulating gut microflora and stimulating immune responses.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Song Wu, Peng Wang, Ying Zhang, Li Huang, Qirui Hao, Lei Gao, Dongli Qin, Xiaoli Huang
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is one of the most commercially important crustacean species in China. The aim of this study was to characterize the toxic effects of butachlor (an herbicide of the acetanilide class) on juvenile E. sinensis crabs. The lethal effects and the acute toxicity of butachlor on juvenile E. sinensis specimens were assessed through a semi-static in vitro experiment. We determined the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the juvenile crabs, at different time points over a 14-day short-term exposure to butachlor. Moreover, we measured the residual levels of butachlor in three different tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and muscles) of the juvenile crabs over a longer period. Our findings revealed that butachlor is highly toxic for juvenile E. sinensis crabs. In fact, the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of butachlor at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were found to be 4.22, 1.84, 0.34, and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, while the safe concentration was 0.014 mg/L. The antioxidant defense ability of the juvenile E. sinensis crabs against butachlor was induced after exposure to the herbicide at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L. After 14 days of exposure to butachlor at 0.04 and 0.16 mg/L, both SOD and CAT were found to be significantly inhibited (p < 0.05), the GSH levels were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the MDA levels were identified as significantly increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, after 14 days of exposure to butachlor at 0.16 mg/L, the activities of SOD and CAT as well as the content of GSH in the hepatopancreas were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that a high concentration of butachlor was capable of inducing oxidative stress and damage in juvenile E. sinensis crabs. The maximal residual value of butachlor was obtained in the gills, with a content of 4.56 μg/kg. Butachlor was not detected after 24 days in the aforementioned three tissues of the juvenile crabs, thereby indicating that it was effectively metabolized.
{"title":"Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Tissue Distribution of Butachlor in the Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Song Wu, Peng Wang, Ying Zhang, Li Huang, Qirui Hao, Lei Gao, Dongli Qin, Xiaoli Huang","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050177","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is one of the most commercially important crustacean species in China. The aim of this study was to characterize the toxic effects of butachlor (an herbicide of the acetanilide class) on juvenile E. sinensis crabs. The lethal effects and the acute toxicity of butachlor on juvenile E. sinensis specimens were assessed through a semi-static in vitro experiment. We determined the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the juvenile crabs, at different time points over a 14-day short-term exposure to butachlor. Moreover, we measured the residual levels of butachlor in three different tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and muscles) of the juvenile crabs over a longer period. Our findings revealed that butachlor is highly toxic for juvenile E. sinensis crabs. In fact, the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of butachlor at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were found to be 4.22, 1.84, 0.34, and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, while the safe concentration was 0.014 mg/L. The antioxidant defense ability of the juvenile E. sinensis crabs against butachlor was induced after exposure to the herbicide at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L. After 14 days of exposure to butachlor at 0.04 and 0.16 mg/L, both SOD and CAT were found to be significantly inhibited (p < 0.05), the GSH levels were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the MDA levels were identified as significantly increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, after 14 days of exposure to butachlor at 0.16 mg/L, the activities of SOD and CAT as well as the content of GSH in the hepatopancreas were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that a high concentration of butachlor was capable of inducing oxidative stress and damage in juvenile E. sinensis crabs. The maximal residual value of butachlor was obtained in the gills, with a content of 4.56 μg/kg. Butachlor was not detected after 24 days in the aforementioned three tissues of the juvenile crabs, thereby indicating that it was effectively metabolized.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":"63 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of aquaculture, the shortage of high-quality dietary ingredients has become a critical problem limiting the sustainable development of aquaculture [...]
随着水产养殖业的快速发展，优质日粮原料的短缺已成为制约水产养殖业可持续发展的关键问题 [...]
{"title":"Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish","authors":"Changle Qi, Qiyou Xu, Jianhua Ming, Fei Song, Chuanpeng Zhou","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050176","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of aquaculture, the shortage of high-quality dietary ingredients has become a critical problem limiting the sustainable development of aquaculture [...]","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is one of the main shrimp species cultivated around the world. Despite its high yields and easy handling, water pollution from intensive shrimp cultivation remains a serious problem in China. In this study, a compound aquaculture model of P. vannamei and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was used to investigate the effect of a water spinach floating raft on water quality, antioxidants, non-specific immune response, growth performance, and microbial diversity. The experimental design of this study consisted of two groups with three replicates for each, i.e., control group: aquatic monoculture (AM) system with only P. vannamei; treatment group: P. vannamei-I. aquatica raft aquaponics (AP) system with a 50% cover ratio with a water spinach floating raft. The experiment lasted for seven weeks. The results show that the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N), and active phosphorus (AP) in the AM group were higher than those in the AP group at different sampling times. The water quality index of the AP group was better than that of the AM group, indicating that water spinach can remove the nutrients from aquaculture water bodies. The average daily gain and survival rate of shrimp in the AP group were higher than those in the AM group. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the AP group were better than those in the AM group. The Shannon–Wiener and Simpson indices of the gut, water, and sediment of the AP system were significantly higher than those in the AM system, which implied a higher abundance of microorganisms in the AP system. These results demonstrate that the application of a water spinach floating raft in aquaponics can not only improve the water quality, but also improve the growth performance, antioxidant system, and non-specific immune responses of Pacific white shrimp, while increasing the abundance of microorganisms in the aquaculture system and improving the ecological benefits in terms of the expenditure.
太平洋白对虾（Penaeus vannamei）是世界上主要的对虾养殖品种之一。尽管其产量高且易于处理，但在中国，集约化养虾造成的水污染仍是一个严重问题。本研究采用凡纳滨对虾与蕹菜（Ipomoea aquatica）的复合养殖模式，研究蕹菜浮筏对水质、抗氧化剂、非特异性免疫反应、生长性能和微生物多样性的影响。本研究的实验设计包括两组，每组三个重复，即对照组：仅有凡纳滨藻的水产单养（AM）系统；处理组：凡纳滨藻-I：鱼菜共生（AP）系统，蕹菜浮筏覆盖率为 50%。实验持续了七周。结果表明，在不同采样时间，AM 组的总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、硝酸盐氮（NO3--N）、氨氮（NH4+-N）、亚硝酸盐氮（NO2--N）和活性磷（AP）的浓度均高于 AP 组。AP组的水质指数优于AM组，说明蕹菜能去除养殖水体中的营养物质。AP 组虾的平均日增重和成活率均高于 AM 组。AP 组的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）均优于 AM 组。AP 系统中肠道、水和沉积物的香农-维纳指数和辛普森指数明显高于 AM 系统，这意味着 AP 系统中微生物的丰度更高。这些结果表明，在鱼菜共生中应用水菠菜浮筏不仅能改善水质，还能提高太平洋南美白对虾的生长性能、抗氧化系统和非特异性免疫反应，同时增加养殖系统中微生物的丰度，提高生态效益方面的支出。
{"title":"Effect of an Ipomoea aquatica Floating Raft on the Water Quality, Antioxidant System, Non-Specific Immune Responses, and Microbial Diversity of Penaeus vannamei in an Aquaculture System","authors":"Zhuo-Hao Ruan, Rui-Lin Xie, Yifu Li, Yuan-Yuan Luo, Zufeng Weng, Wensheng Liu","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050175","url":null,"abstract":"Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is one of the main shrimp species cultivated around the world. Despite its high yields and easy handling, water pollution from intensive shrimp cultivation remains a serious problem in China. In this study, a compound aquaculture model of P. vannamei and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was used to investigate the effect of a water spinach floating raft on water quality, antioxidants, non-specific immune response, growth performance, and microbial diversity. The experimental design of this study consisted of two groups with three replicates for each, i.e., control group: aquatic monoculture (AM) system with only P. vannamei; treatment group: P. vannamei-I. aquatica raft aquaponics (AP) system with a 50% cover ratio with a water spinach floating raft. The experiment lasted for seven weeks. The results show that the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N), and active phosphorus (AP) in the AM group were higher than those in the AP group at different sampling times. The water quality index of the AP group was better than that of the AM group, indicating that water spinach can remove the nutrients from aquaculture water bodies. The average daily gain and survival rate of shrimp in the AP group were higher than those in the AM group. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the AP group were better than those in the AM group. The Shannon–Wiener and Simpson indices of the gut, water, and sediment of the AP system were significantly higher than those in the AM system, which implied a higher abundance of microorganisms in the AP system. These results demonstrate that the application of a water spinach floating raft in aquaponics can not only improve the water quality, but also improve the growth performance, antioxidant system, and non-specific immune responses of Pacific white shrimp, while increasing the abundance of microorganisms in the aquaculture system and improving the ecological benefits in terms of the expenditure.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":"116 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Astaxanthin is an important pigment for the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of dietary astaxanthin on the growth, coloration, and antioxidant capacity of the commercial-sized O. mykiss during long-term feeding. Haematococcus pluvialis (HP), yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (PR), and synthetic astaxanthin (SA) were added to the basic feed (no astaxanthin, NA) to prepare the isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets; the actual astaxanthin content values in the diets were 31.25, 32.96, and 31.50 mg/kg, respectively. Eighteen hundred O. mykiss, averaging 670 ± 20 g, were randomly divided into four groups and then fed with the experimental diet for four months. Dietary supplementation of P. rhodozyma and synthetic astaxanthin had no significant effects on the growth and tissue indexes of O. mykiss. In contrast, dietary supplementation with astaxanthin from H. pluvialis significantly increased the weight gain rate after four months of feeding. The fillet lightness of O. mykiss in the PR and SA was statistically lower than that in the NA and HP; the redness and astaxanthin content of fillet in the HP, PR, and SA groups were statistically higher than those in the NA. The total antioxidant capacity of the liver and serum in the HP was statistically higher than that in other diet groups, and a higher liver total superoxide dismutase activity was detected in the HP compared with the PR. Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver and serum, and the highest serum glutathione peroxidase activity was detected in the HP, while dietary astaxanthin significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content in the liver and serum. Dietary supplementation of PR significantly increased the fillet ash content, while the highest fillet total lipid content was detected in the HP. Dietary astaxanthin significantly improved fillet redness and antioxidant capacity, among which H. pluvialis astaxanthin has greater effects on improving weight gain, antioxidant capacity, and fillet total lipid content.
{"title":"Effects of Three Sources of Astaxanthin on the Growth, Coloration, and Antioxidant Capacity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during Long-Term Feeding","authors":"Lei Wang, Xiaowen Long, Yaopeng Li, Yong Zhang, Weihong Sun, Xugan Wu","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050174","url":null,"abstract":"Astaxanthin is an important pigment for the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of dietary astaxanthin on the growth, coloration, and antioxidant capacity of the commercial-sized O. mykiss during long-term feeding. Haematococcus pluvialis (HP), yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (PR), and synthetic astaxanthin (SA) were added to the basic feed (no astaxanthin, NA) to prepare the isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets; the actual astaxanthin content values in the diets were 31.25, 32.96, and 31.50 mg/kg, respectively. Eighteen hundred O. mykiss, averaging 670 ± 20 g, were randomly divided into four groups and then fed with the experimental diet for four months. Dietary supplementation of P. rhodozyma and synthetic astaxanthin had no significant effects on the growth and tissue indexes of O. mykiss. In contrast, dietary supplementation with astaxanthin from H. pluvialis significantly increased the weight gain rate after four months of feeding. The fillet lightness of O. mykiss in the PR and SA was statistically lower than that in the NA and HP; the redness and astaxanthin content of fillet in the HP, PR, and SA groups were statistically higher than those in the NA. The total antioxidant capacity of the liver and serum in the HP was statistically higher than that in other diet groups, and a higher liver total superoxide dismutase activity was detected in the HP compared with the PR. Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver and serum, and the highest serum glutathione peroxidase activity was detected in the HP, while dietary astaxanthin significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content in the liver and serum. Dietary supplementation of PR significantly increased the fillet ash content, while the highest fillet total lipid content was detected in the HP. Dietary astaxanthin significantly improved fillet redness and antioxidant capacity, among which H. pluvialis astaxanthin has greater effects on improving weight gain, antioxidant capacity, and fillet total lipid content.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Rodríguez-García, Ana Toro-Podadera, Jésica Sarmiento-Carbajal, R. Cabrera-Castro
Various commercial fish species utilize different coastal habitats as nurseries in their juvenile stages, with surf zones being particularly crucial due to the protection and abundant food resources they offer. Among the species that rely on these areas are the spotted seabass (Dicentrarchus punctatus) and the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). This study aimed to investigate the age and feeding habits of surf zone specimens of these species and explore their environmental adaptations. The average size for D. punctatus was 16.94 ± 4.05 cm, and for D. labrax, it was 23.23 ± 6.30 cm. The length–weight relationship for D. punctatus was TW = 0.013*TL2.885 (parameter a: 95% CI: 0.012–0.014; parameter b: 95% CI: 2.854–2.917), and for D. labrax, it was TW = 0.008*TL3.095 (parameter a: 95% CI: 0.006–0.009; parameter b: 95% CI: 3.040–3.151). In both D. punctatus (79.20%) and D. labrax (75.92%), the predominant age classes were 1+ and 2+. Significant variations in age class abundance were observed in D. punctatus based on the time of day, lunar phase, and season, while D. labrax showed variations only by season. A diet analysis revealed that both species primarily consume mysids and fish, with D. punctatus showing dietary variations related to the time of day, lunar phase, and season, and D. labrax showing variations with the time of day and season.
{"title":"Coexisting in the Surf Zone: Age and Feeding Habits of the Spotted Seabass (Dicentrarchus punctatus) and European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) on the Gulf of Cádiz Beaches (Southwest Iberian Peninsula)","authors":"C. Rodríguez-García, Ana Toro-Podadera, Jésica Sarmiento-Carbajal, R. Cabrera-Castro","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050173","url":null,"abstract":"Various commercial fish species utilize different coastal habitats as nurseries in their juvenile stages, with surf zones being particularly crucial due to the protection and abundant food resources they offer. Among the species that rely on these areas are the spotted seabass (Dicentrarchus punctatus) and the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). This study aimed to investigate the age and feeding habits of surf zone specimens of these species and explore their environmental adaptations. The average size for D. punctatus was 16.94 ± 4.05 cm, and for D. labrax, it was 23.23 ± 6.30 cm. The length–weight relationship for D. punctatus was TW = 0.013*TL2.885 (parameter a: 95% CI: 0.012–0.014; parameter b: 95% CI: 2.854–2.917), and for D. labrax, it was TW = 0.008*TL3.095 (parameter a: 95% CI: 0.006–0.009; parameter b: 95% CI: 3.040–3.151). In both D. punctatus (79.20%) and D. labrax (75.92%), the predominant age classes were 1+ and 2+. Significant variations in age class abundance were observed in D. punctatus based on the time of day, lunar phase, and season, while D. labrax showed variations only by season. A diet analysis revealed that both species primarily consume mysids and fish, with D. punctatus showing dietary variations related to the time of day, lunar phase, and season, and D. labrax showing variations with the time of day and season.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caspase-8, a member of the caspase family, is an initiating caspase and plays a crucial role in apoptosis. In this study, the full-length cDNA of caspase8-like (CASP8-like) was isolated from Crassostrea hongkongensis (C. hongkongensis) by RACE-PCR. ChCASP8-like contained a 1599-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 533 amino acids with two conserved death effector domains (DEDs) and a cysteine aspartase cysteine structural domain (CASc). Amino acid sequence comparison showed that ChCASP8-like shared the highest identity (85.4%) with CASP8-like of C. angulata. The tissue expression profile showed that ChCASP8-like was constitutively expressed in gills, hepatopancreas, mantle, adductor muscle, hemocytes and gonads, and was significantly upregulated in hemocytes, hepatopancreas and gills under hyper-salinity stress. The apoptosis-related genes, including ATR, CHK1, BCL-XL, CASP8-like, CASP9 and CASP3, were significantly activated by hyper-salinity stress, but were remarkably inhibited by ChCASP8-like silencing. The caspase 8 activity was increased by 1.7-fold after hyper-salinity stress, and was inhibited by 9.4% by ChCASP8-like silencing. Moreover, ChCASP8-like silencing clearly alleviated the apoptosis resulting from hyper-salinity stress. These results collectively demonstrated that ChCASP8-like played a crucial role in inducing apoptosis against hyper-salinity stress.
{"title":"Cloning, Characterization and Functional Analysis of Caspase 8-like Gene in Apoptosis of Crassostrea hongkongensis Response to Hyper-Salinity Stress","authors":"Jinji Lin, Ziqi Yu, Yang Leng, Jiexiong Zhu, Feifei Yu, Yishan Lu, Jiayu Chen, Wenhao He, Yixin Zhang, Yaoshen Wen","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050172","url":null,"abstract":"Caspase-8, a member of the caspase family, is an initiating caspase and plays a crucial role in apoptosis. In this study, the full-length cDNA of caspase8-like (CASP8-like) was isolated from Crassostrea hongkongensis (C. hongkongensis) by RACE-PCR. ChCASP8-like contained a 1599-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 533 amino acids with two conserved death effector domains (DEDs) and a cysteine aspartase cysteine structural domain (CASc). Amino acid sequence comparison showed that ChCASP8-like shared the highest identity (85.4%) with CASP8-like of C. angulata. The tissue expression profile showed that ChCASP8-like was constitutively expressed in gills, hepatopancreas, mantle, adductor muscle, hemocytes and gonads, and was significantly upregulated in hemocytes, hepatopancreas and gills under hyper-salinity stress. The apoptosis-related genes, including ATR, CHK1, BCL-XL, CASP8-like, CASP9 and CASP3, were significantly activated by hyper-salinity stress, but were remarkably inhibited by ChCASP8-like silencing. The caspase 8 activity was increased by 1.7-fold after hyper-salinity stress, and was inhibited by 9.4% by ChCASP8-like silencing. Moreover, ChCASP8-like silencing clearly alleviated the apoptosis resulting from hyper-salinity stress. These results collectively demonstrated that ChCASP8-like played a crucial role in inducing apoptosis against hyper-salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a warm water species, and low temperature is a limiting factor for its growth and survival. In order to explore the role of the acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) gene in response to the cold stress of M. rosenbergii, we investigated the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) with the ACC gene on the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes and the mortality of M. rosenbergii under cold stress. The results showed that different siRNA sequences and different injection concentrations had different inhibiting effects on ACC gene expression, and siRNA-III with an injection concentration of 2.0 μg/g (siRNA/prawn body weight) had the best interference effect. With the optimal siRNA and the optimal concentration under cold stress, the expressions of three fatty acid metabolism-related genes, FabD, echA, and ACOT, were generally significantly down-regulated. Compared to negative (scrambled-siRNA) and blank (PBS) control groups, the expression of FabD in the interference group was extremely significantly down-regulated at 12 h in the hepatopancreas and at 18 h in the muscles and gills; EchA was highly significantly down-regulated at 6 and 12 h in the muscles and gills; and ACOT was extremely significantly down-regulated and kept declining in the gills. Within 6–18 h after injection under cold stress, the mortality rate of the siRNA interference group (75%) was much lower than that of the negative (95%) or blank control group (97.5%), and all prawns died after 24 h. In conclusion, RNA interference with the ACC gene inhibited the expression of some fatty acid metabolism-related genes, and could partly improve the tolerance of M. rosenbergii to cold stress, indicating that the ACC gene might play an important role in the response of M. rosenbergii to cold stress.
{"title":"Effects of RNA Interference with Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Gene on Expression of Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii under Cold Stress","authors":"Hua Zhong, Xinyi Yao, Haihui Tu, Zhenglong Xia, Miaoying Cai, Qiang Sheng, Shaokui Yi, Guoliang Yang, Qiongyin Tang","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050170","url":null,"abstract":"Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a warm water species, and low temperature is a limiting factor for its growth and survival. In order to explore the role of the acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) gene in response to the cold stress of M. rosenbergii, we investigated the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) with the ACC gene on the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes and the mortality of M. rosenbergii under cold stress. The results showed that different siRNA sequences and different injection concentrations had different inhibiting effects on ACC gene expression, and siRNA-III with an injection concentration of 2.0 μg/g (siRNA/prawn body weight) had the best interference effect. With the optimal siRNA and the optimal concentration under cold stress, the expressions of three fatty acid metabolism-related genes, FabD, echA, and ACOT, were generally significantly down-regulated. Compared to negative (scrambled-siRNA) and blank (PBS) control groups, the expression of FabD in the interference group was extremely significantly down-regulated at 12 h in the hepatopancreas and at 18 h in the muscles and gills; EchA was highly significantly down-regulated at 6 and 12 h in the muscles and gills; and ACOT was extremely significantly down-regulated and kept declining in the gills. Within 6–18 h after injection under cold stress, the mortality rate of the siRNA interference group (75%) was much lower than that of the negative (95%) or blank control group (97.5%), and all prawns died after 24 h. In conclusion, RNA interference with the ACC gene inhibited the expression of some fatty acid metabolism-related genes, and could partly improve the tolerance of M. rosenbergii to cold stress, indicating that the ACC gene might play an important role in the response of M. rosenbergii to cold stress.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manfredi Madia, Massimiliano Bottaro, T. Cillari, Andrea Li Vorsi, L. Castriota, Maria Rita Amico, Sergio Bizzarri, Teresa Maggio, M. Falautano, Michele Gristina, Ilaria Di Lauro, Floriana Trova, P. Perzia, Roberto D’Ambra, Enrico Casola, M. Sinopoli
Fishery resources overexploitation, together with bycatch and discards, have an impact on marine ecosystems. The adoption of technologically innovative gears is a possible solution to reduce the discard and to enhance the sustainability of fishery, mainly in artisanal fisheries that represent about 80% of the EU Mediterranean fleet. In the perspective of fishery sustainability, it is necessary to study and test alternative gears to the traditional ones, also with collaboration of fishers. In the present study, results of experimental fishing activities carried out in two Mediterranean areas with traditional and innovative gears of small-scale fishing are reported. Thirty-four hauls were carried out to compare the catch of two types of trammel nets: a traditional one and experimental guarding net. Additionally, 12 hauls were carried out to compare collapsible pots and traditional pots. No significant differences were recorded between trammel nets in terms of commercial catch and discard. However, interesting differences in discard composition were recorded, with higher Elasmobranchs presence in trammel nets, including species assessed as critically endangered and vulnerable. The use of trapula pots in place of traditional ones showed a lower discard of specific resources and an advantage for fishers in terms of space occupied on board.
{"title":"Reducing Artisanal Fishery Impact on Marine Community: New Data from Comparison of Innovative and Traditional Gear","authors":"Manfredi Madia, Massimiliano Bottaro, T. Cillari, Andrea Li Vorsi, L. Castriota, Maria Rita Amico, Sergio Bizzarri, Teresa Maggio, M. Falautano, Michele Gristina, Ilaria Di Lauro, Floriana Trova, P. Perzia, Roberto D’Ambra, Enrico Casola, M. Sinopoli","doi":"10.3390/fishes9050171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9050171","url":null,"abstract":"Fishery resources overexploitation, together with bycatch and discards, have an impact on marine ecosystems. The adoption of technologically innovative gears is a possible solution to reduce the discard and to enhance the sustainability of fishery, mainly in artisanal fisheries that represent about 80% of the EU Mediterranean fleet. In the perspective of fishery sustainability, it is necessary to study and test alternative gears to the traditional ones, also with collaboration of fishers. In the present study, results of experimental fishing activities carried out in two Mediterranean areas with traditional and innovative gears of small-scale fishing are reported. Thirty-four hauls were carried out to compare the catch of two types of trammel nets: a traditional one and experimental guarding net. Additionally, 12 hauls were carried out to compare collapsible pots and traditional pots. No significant differences were recorded between trammel nets in terms of commercial catch and discard. However, interesting differences in discard composition were recorded, with higher Elasmobranchs presence in trammel nets, including species assessed as critically endangered and vulnerable. The use of trapula pots in place of traditional ones showed a lower discard of specific resources and an advantage for fishers in terms of space occupied on board.","PeriodicalId":505604,"journal":{"name":"Fishes","volume":"213 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：