Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20230041
S.Z. Karizak, M. Shahnehzad, A. Zar
Inflammation and muscle soreness sometimes occur after high-intensity exercise in some athletes. This study aimed to determine the effect of a ginger supplement period on serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin (IL)-6 in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes. In this semi-experimental study, 24 semi-professional female taekwondo athletes (mean age 19.75 ± 2.03 years, height 160 ± 6 cm, weight 53.99 ± 7.49 kg) were selected voluntarily. Subjects were randomly assigned to the ginger supplement + exhaustive (GE + EE) and exhaustive exercise (EE) groups. 24 doses of 2,000 mg of pure ginger supplement (3 days/week for 8 weeks) were taken in the morning and evening (4 capsules of 500 mg: 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening). Then Bruce’s test was performed as an exhaustive exercise. Blood samples were collected in two stages before and after the intervention, and serum levels of COX2, PGE2, and IL-6 were measured using the Elisa method. T-tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used to examine intra-group changes and compare between groups from pre-test to post-test using SPSS version 25 software. The results showed a significant increase in the level of serum COX2 (), and no significant increase in the level of serum PGE2 () and IL-6 () in the EE group compared to baseline levels. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of serum PGE2 (), COX2 (), and IL-6 () in the group of GE + EE compared to baseline levels. In addition, there was a significant difference between the group of GE + EE and the EE (). GE + EE group, in comparison with the EE group, partially reduced inflammation. Taking 8-weeks of ginger supplementations can effectively reduce muscle inflammation following exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes.
{"title":"Impact of ginger supplementation on serum PGE2, COX2, and IL-6 in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes","authors":"S.Z. Karizak, M. Shahnehzad, A. Zar","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20230041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Inflammation and muscle soreness sometimes occur after high-intensity exercise in some athletes. This study aimed to determine the effect of a ginger supplement period on serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin (IL)-6 in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes. In this semi-experimental study, 24 semi-professional female taekwondo athletes (mean age 19.75 ± 2.03 years, height 160 ± 6 cm, weight 53.99 ± 7.49 kg) were selected voluntarily. Subjects were randomly assigned to the ginger supplement + exhaustive (GE + EE) and exhaustive exercise (EE) groups. 24 doses of 2,000 mg of pure ginger supplement (3 days/week for 8 weeks) were taken in the morning and evening (4 capsules of 500 mg: 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening). Then Bruce’s test was performed as an exhaustive exercise. Blood samples were collected in two stages before and after the intervention, and serum levels of COX2, PGE2, and IL-6 were measured using the Elisa method. T-tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used to examine intra-group changes and compare between groups from pre-test to post-test using SPSS version 25 software. The results showed a significant increase in the level of serum COX2 (), and no significant increase in the level of serum PGE2 () and IL-6 () in the EE group compared to baseline levels. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of serum PGE2 (), COX2 (), and IL-6 () in the group of GE + EE compared to baseline levels. In addition, there was a significant difference between the group of GE + EE and the EE (). GE + EE group, in comparison with the EE group, partially reduced inflammation. Taking 8-weeks of ginger supplementations can effectively reduce muscle inflammation following exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes.","PeriodicalId":505672,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20230041
S.Z. Karizak, M. Shahnehzad, A. Zar
Inflammation and muscle soreness sometimes occur after high-intensity exercise in some athletes. This study aimed to determine the effect of a ginger supplement period on serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin (IL)-6 in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes. In this semi-experimental study, 24 semi-professional female taekwondo athletes (mean age 19.75 ± 2.03 years, height 160 ± 6 cm, weight 53.99 ± 7.49 kg) were selected voluntarily. Subjects were randomly assigned to the ginger supplement + exhaustive (GE + EE) and exhaustive exercise (EE) groups. 24 doses of 2,000 mg of pure ginger supplement (3 days/week for 8 weeks) were taken in the morning and evening (4 capsules of 500 mg: 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening). Then Bruce’s test was performed as an exhaustive exercise. Blood samples were collected in two stages before and after the intervention, and serum levels of COX2, PGE2, and IL-6 were measured using the Elisa method. T-tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used to examine intra-group changes and compare between groups from pre-test to post-test using SPSS version 25 software. The results showed a significant increase in the level of serum COX2 (), and no significant increase in the level of serum PGE2 () and IL-6 () in the EE group compared to baseline levels. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of serum PGE2 (), COX2 (), and IL-6 () in the group of GE + EE compared to baseline levels. In addition, there was a significant difference between the group of GE + EE and the EE (). GE + EE group, in comparison with the EE group, partially reduced inflammation. Taking 8-weeks of ginger supplementations can effectively reduce muscle inflammation following exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes.
{"title":"Impact of ginger supplementation on serum PGE2, COX2, and IL-6 in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes","authors":"S.Z. Karizak, M. Shahnehzad, A. Zar","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20230041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Inflammation and muscle soreness sometimes occur after high-intensity exercise in some athletes. This study aimed to determine the effect of a ginger supplement period on serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin (IL)-6 in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes. In this semi-experimental study, 24 semi-professional female taekwondo athletes (mean age 19.75 ± 2.03 years, height 160 ± 6 cm, weight 53.99 ± 7.49 kg) were selected voluntarily. Subjects were randomly assigned to the ginger supplement + exhaustive (GE + EE) and exhaustive exercise (EE) groups. 24 doses of 2,000 mg of pure ginger supplement (3 days/week for 8 weeks) were taken in the morning and evening (4 capsules of 500 mg: 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening). Then Bruce’s test was performed as an exhaustive exercise. Blood samples were collected in two stages before and after the intervention, and serum levels of COX2, PGE2, and IL-6 were measured using the Elisa method. T-tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used to examine intra-group changes and compare between groups from pre-test to post-test using SPSS version 25 software. The results showed a significant increase in the level of serum COX2 (), and no significant increase in the level of serum PGE2 () and IL-6 () in the EE group compared to baseline levels. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of serum PGE2 (), COX2 (), and IL-6 () in the group of GE + EE compared to baseline levels. In addition, there was a significant difference between the group of GE + EE and the EE (). GE + EE group, in comparison with the EE group, partially reduced inflammation. Taking 8-weeks of ginger supplementations can effectively reduce muscle inflammation following exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes.","PeriodicalId":505672,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139796166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20230024
K. Murphy, C. Solomon, D. Stefanovski, O. Lorello, M. Robinson, J. Haughan, C. Navas de Solis
Methods to determine exercise intensity thresholds, such as the aerobic and anaerobic threshold, that separate different exercise intensities in exercising horses in the field setting or on the treadmill often require equipment, standardised conditions and/or blood sampling. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is a heart rate variability variable proposed as a non-invasive tool for exercise intensity monitoring and with a potential association with exercise intensity thresholds and fatigue. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the first component of DFA (DFA-α1) during standardised field incremental exercise tests in sport horses in active Eventing competition and in sport horses ridden without the goal of participating in competitions, and (2) to determine if DFA-α1 is associated with blood lactate concentration. Null hypotheses of the study were that (1) DFA-α1 is not correlated with blood lactate concentration measurements and (2) the correlation between DFA-α1 and blood lactate concentration is not stronger than the one between blood lactate concentration and heart rate or blood lactate concentration and speed. An in vivo observational study was performed analysing exercising electrocardiograms obtained in 59 standardised exercise tests in the field. DFA-α1 was significantly and moderately correlated with blood lactate concentration (, ). A strong correlation was observed between blood lactate concentration and speed (, ), as well as between blood lactate concentration and heart rate (, ). DFA-α1 correlation with blood lactate concentration was moderate but weaker than the correlation of blood lactate concentration and heart rate or blood lactate concentration and speed. DFA-α1 was not a useful surrogate of blood lactate concentration in field incremental standardised tests used for sport horses in this setting.
{"title":"Correlation of detrended fluctuation analysis alpha 1 with blood lactate concentration in field standardised exercise tests in sport horses","authors":"K. Murphy, C. Solomon, D. Stefanovski, O. Lorello, M. Robinson, J. Haughan, C. Navas de Solis","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20230024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Methods to determine exercise intensity thresholds, such as the aerobic and anaerobic threshold, that separate different exercise intensities in exercising horses in the field setting or on the treadmill often require equipment, standardised conditions and/or blood sampling. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is a heart rate variability variable proposed as a non-invasive tool for exercise intensity monitoring and with a potential association with exercise intensity thresholds and fatigue. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the first component of DFA (DFA-α1) during standardised field incremental exercise tests in sport horses in active Eventing competition and in sport horses ridden without the goal of participating in competitions, and (2) to determine if DFA-α1 is associated with blood lactate concentration. Null hypotheses of the study were that (1) DFA-α1 is not correlated with blood lactate concentration measurements and (2) the correlation between DFA-α1 and blood lactate concentration is not stronger than the one between blood lactate concentration and heart rate or blood lactate concentration and speed. An in vivo observational study was performed analysing exercising electrocardiograms obtained in 59 standardised exercise tests in the field. DFA-α1 was significantly and moderately correlated with blood lactate concentration (, ). A strong correlation was observed between blood lactate concentration and speed (, ), as well as between blood lactate concentration and heart rate (, ). DFA-α1 correlation with blood lactate concentration was moderate but weaker than the correlation of blood lactate concentration and heart rate or blood lactate concentration and speed. DFA-α1 was not a useful surrogate of blood lactate concentration in field incremental standardised tests used for sport horses in this setting.","PeriodicalId":505672,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20230036
S. Gotecha, P. Gurudut, A. Welling, V. Kage
Chronic painful heel (CPH) is a symptom of an underlying condition caused due to obesity, excessive foot pronation, tightness of Tendo-Achilles (TA), excessive running, and sedentary life. The antigravity muscles (AGM) atrophy results due to long working hours in sitting, leading to their deteriorating relationship with gravity thereby reduced sensitivity to its force. Hence, need arises to explore training effects of AGM protocol on CPH condition. A randomised controlled trial was conducted on thirty individuals with CPH allocated randomly to two study groups viz. AGMT (n = 15) and Control group (n = 15) who received intervention for twelve sessions over four weeks. Control group received conventional physiotherapy in form of therapeutic ultrasound and exercises while AGMT received conventional physiotherapy using the AGMT protocol. Outcomes assessed were plantar pressure and foot posture assessed using Harris mat, muscle strength by dynamometer, pain threshold with pressure algometer, and foot functions using Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Scale (FAAM) which were taken at pre- and post-training. The between group analysis of data revealed that foot posture, plantar pressure and muscle strength, pain threshold were significantly better in the AGMT group than in the Control group ( 0.0001), while pain intensity (P = 0.3952) and foot functions (P = 0.2372) were equally effective in both the study groups. In conclusion, the AGMT protocol along with conventional physiotherapy proved to be a promising training protocol for individuals with CPH showing positive outcomes in comparison to conventional therapy alone, suggesting to incorporate AGM strengthening alongside conventional therapy to obtain better clinical outcomes.Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered in the Clinical trial registry of India with registration number CTRI/2022/10/046138.
{"title":"Impact of anti-gravity muscle training protocol on plantar pressure, pain threshold and foot posture on chronic painful heel: an RCT study","authors":"S. Gotecha, P. Gurudut, A. Welling, V. Kage","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20230036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Chronic painful heel (CPH) is a symptom of an underlying condition caused due to obesity, excessive foot pronation, tightness of Tendo-Achilles (TA), excessive running, and sedentary life. The antigravity muscles (AGM) atrophy results due to long working hours in sitting, leading to their deteriorating relationship with gravity thereby reduced sensitivity to its force. Hence, need arises to explore training effects of AGM protocol on CPH condition. A randomised controlled trial was conducted on thirty individuals with CPH allocated randomly to two study groups viz. AGMT (n = 15) and Control group (n = 15) who received intervention for twelve sessions over four weeks. Control group received conventional physiotherapy in form of therapeutic ultrasound and exercises while AGMT received conventional physiotherapy using the AGMT protocol. Outcomes assessed were plantar pressure and foot posture assessed using Harris mat, muscle strength by dynamometer, pain threshold with pressure algometer, and foot functions using Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Scale (FAAM) which were taken at pre- and post-training. The between group analysis of data revealed that foot posture, plantar pressure and muscle strength, pain threshold were significantly better in the AGMT group than in the Control group ( 0.0001), while pain intensity (P = 0.3952) and foot functions (P = 0.2372) were equally effective in both the study groups. In conclusion, the AGMT protocol along with conventional physiotherapy proved to be a promising training protocol for individuals with CPH showing positive outcomes in comparison to conventional therapy alone, suggesting to incorporate AGM strengthening alongside conventional therapy to obtain better clinical outcomes.\u0000Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered in the Clinical trial registry of India with registration number CTRI/2022/10/046138.","PeriodicalId":505672,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"77 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1163/17552559-2024x001
M. Keener, K. Tumlin
{"title":"Corrigendum on: Self-reported acute injury and chronic pain in American equestrian athletes","authors":"M. Keener, K. Tumlin","doi":"10.1163/17552559-2024x001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-2024x001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505672,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20230034
D. Söderroos, G. Stefánsdóttir, V. Gunnarsson, M. Rhodin, S. Ragnarsson, A. Jansson
Many horse breeds are used for a variety of tasks and studies have shown within breed variations in conformation depending on the task. The Icelandic horse is used for several tasks, e.g. leisure riding, competitions and tour riding. Research about conformation and relationship to subjectively assessed performance (usability) in Icelandic horses used by tourist companies and riding schools (TRh) are lacking. Back condition score has been shown to be associated with weight carrying capacity in the breed. However, the association between back condition score and angle and performance in Icelandic horses participating in a breed evaluation field test (BEFTh) and usability in TRh has not been investigated previously. The aim of the study was to compare body measurements in BEFTh and TRh and examine the relationship with riding ability in BEFTh and usability in TRh. Data of height at withers, back and croup, body condition score (BCS) and back angle were collected in 48 BEFTh (age 8 ± 2 years) and 65 TRh (age 14 ± 5 years). Transversal back angle at the 18th thoracic vertebra was determined using a flexible curve ruler. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the relationship between body measurements and owners’ assessment of usability in TRh. The relationship between back condition score and angle and riding ability was evaluated in BEFTh. Compared with TRh, BEFTh had a greater difference between height at withers and height at back and croup, lower BCS and greater back angle (). In TRh, height were positively correlated with usability (). Back condition score and angle were not associated with riding ability in BEFTh or usability in TRh (). In conclusion, body measurements differs between BEFTh and TRh and further studies are needed to investigate if the same conformation traits are associated with good performance in BEFTh and usability in TRh.
许多马的品种都能胜任各种任务，研究表明，根据任务的不同，不同品种的马在体形上也有差异。冰岛马可用于多种任务，如休闲骑乘、比赛和旅游骑乘。目前还缺乏对旅游公司和骑术学校（TRh）使用的冰岛马的体形以及与主观评估性能（可用性）之间关系的研究。研究表明，马匹的背部状况评分与马匹的负重能力有关。然而，此前尚未研究过参加品种评估现场测试（BEFTh）的冰岛马的背部状况评分和角度与性能之间的关系，以及TRh的可用性。本研究的目的是比较 BEFTh 和 TRh 的身体测量数据，并研究与 BEFTh 骑乘能力和 TRh 可用性之间的关系。研究收集了 48 头 BEFTh（8 岁 ± 2 岁）和 65 头 TRh（14 岁 ± 5 岁）马的肩高、背高和脊背高、身体状况评分（BCS）和背角数据。使用柔性曲线尺测定第 18 胸椎处的横向背部角度。调查问卷用于评估身体测量值与车主对 TRh 可用性评估之间的关系。对BEFTh的背部状况评分和角度与骑乘能力之间的关系进行了评估。与TRh相比，BEFTh的肩高与背高和颈高之间的差异更大，BCS更低，背角更大（）。在 TRh 中，身高与可用性呈正相关（）。BEFTh的背部状况评分和角度与骑乘能力无关，TRh的可用性也与骑乘能力无关（）。总之，BEFTh 和 TRh 的体型测量结果不同，需要进一步研究相同的体型特征是否与 BEFTh 的良好表现和 TRh 的可用性相关。
{"title":"Body measurements in Icelandic horses used for two different purposes and the relationship to performance and usability","authors":"D. Söderroos, G. Stefánsdóttir, V. Gunnarsson, M. Rhodin, S. Ragnarsson, A. Jansson","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20230034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Many horse breeds are used for a variety of tasks and studies have shown within breed variations in conformation depending on the task. The Icelandic horse is used for several tasks, e.g. leisure riding, competitions and tour riding. Research about conformation and relationship to subjectively assessed performance (usability) in Icelandic horses used by tourist companies and riding schools (TRh) are lacking. Back condition score has been shown to be associated with weight carrying capacity in the breed. However, the association between back condition score and angle and performance in Icelandic horses participating in a breed evaluation field test (BEFTh) and usability in TRh has not been investigated previously. The aim of the study was to compare body measurements in BEFTh and TRh and examine the relationship with riding ability in BEFTh and usability in TRh. Data of height at withers, back and croup, body condition score (BCS) and back angle were collected in 48 BEFTh (age 8 ± 2 years) and 65 TRh (age 14 ± 5 years). Transversal back angle at the 18th thoracic vertebra was determined using a flexible curve ruler. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the relationship between body measurements and owners’ assessment of usability in TRh. The relationship between back condition score and angle and riding ability was evaluated in BEFTh. Compared with TRh, BEFTh had a greater difference between height at withers and height at back and croup, lower BCS and greater back angle (). In TRh, height were positively correlated with usability (). Back condition score and angle were not associated with riding ability in BEFTh or usability in TRh (). In conclusion, body measurements differs between BEFTh and TRh and further studies are needed to investigate if the same conformation traits are associated with good performance in BEFTh and usability in TRh.","PeriodicalId":505672,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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