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Good clinical practice in India: What a researcher should know? 印度的良好临床实践:研究人员应该知道什么?
Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_134_2024
Naveen Bansal, Y. Bansal, Ashish Gulia, Charu Singh
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引用次数: 0
Clinico-microbiological evaluation of post-cesarean surgical site infections 剖腹产后手术部位感染的临床微生物学评估
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_268_2023
Kangan, R. Mehra, Varsha Gupta, Poonam Goel, Manjeet Kaur
With increasing rates of cesarean section (CS), the incidence of post-operative complications is bound to increase, which includes surgical site infections (SSIs), being one of the common and distressing complication. This study was aimed to evaluate the various determinants of post-CS SSI, their clinical spectrum, prevalent microbiology, and their susceptibility and resistance patterns.This was a prospective longitudinal hospital-based study undertaken in Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh. Six hundred and eighty-eight patients were included from April, 2021, to September, 2022, and were followed up till 42nd day post-procedure.The incidence of SSI in the study was 3.49%. The risk factors identified were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), thrombocytopenia, chorioamnionitis, prolonged labor, multiple per vaginum examinations, prolonged surgery, post-partum hemorrhage, and blood and blood product transfusions. Most patients presented on or after day 8 of surgery with discharge from the wound site being the most common presentation. Staphylococcus aureus emerged as the most prevalent organism and out of five patients having S. aureus, three had methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Linezolid was found to be the most susceptible antibiotic, whereas ciprofloxacin was mostly resistant among the prevalent isolates.Some of these determinants are modifiable such as GDM and thrombocytopenia and if detected and managed early may help in reducing the risk of developing SSI. Linezolid must be used empirically for treatment of SSI until the reporting of culture and sensitivity is done because routine antibiotics used for antibiotic prophylaxis in CS were found to be highly resistant. Periodic analysis of clinical spectrum and culture and sensitivity patterns is imperative for the early diagnosis and appropriate empirical management of SSI.
随着剖宫产率(CS)的增加,术后并发症的发生率也必然会增加,其中手术部位感染(SSI)是常见且令人痛苦的并发症之一。本研究旨在评估 CS 术后 SSI 的各种决定因素、其临床范围、流行微生物学及其易感性和耐药性模式。从 2021 年 4 月到 2022 年 9 月,共纳入了 68 名患者,并随访至术后第 42 天。研究发现的风险因素包括妊娠糖尿病(GDM)、血小板减少症、绒毛膜羊膜炎、产程延长、多次阴道检查、手术时间过长、产后出血以及输血和输血产品。大多数患者在手术第 8 天或之后发病,最常见的症状是伤口流脓。金黄色葡萄球菌是最常见的病原菌,在 5 名感染金黄色葡萄球菌的患者中,有 3 人感染了耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。在流行的分离菌中,利奈唑胺是最易感的抗生素,而环丙沙星则大多具有耐药性。由于在 CS 中用于抗生素预防的常规抗生素被发现具有高度耐药性,因此在报告培养和药敏结果之前,必须根据经验使用来奈唑胺治疗 SSI。定期分析临床谱、培养和药敏模式对于早期诊断和适当的 SSI 经验性治疗至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
An unusual case of rectal schwannoma: A case report 一例不寻常的直肠裂孔瘤:病例报告
Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_64_2024
Safa Alshaikh, Ayman Almuqamam, Aalaa Mubarak
Rectal schwannomas, although exceedingly rare, represent an intriguing and often perplexing diagnostic challenge in the field of gastroenterology. Here, we are presenting an interesting case of rectal mass in a 66-years-old Bahraini male who has a known case of irritable bowel and presented with symptoms of fullness in the right iliac fossa region accompanied by recurrent episodes of constipation. A large upper rectal mass was identified in imaging studies; however, obtaining a biopsy was difficult using sigmoidoscopy three times; hence, the patient eventually underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with colectomy. Pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. This captivating case study unravels the enigma surrounding a unique encounter with rectal schwannoma. In addition, we represent an enlightening case that widens our differential diagnosis in investigating mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract with emphasis on its clinical presentation, diagnostic nuances, and therapeutic consideration.
直肠裂孔瘤虽然极为罕见,但在消化内科领域却是一个引人入胜且常常令人困惑的诊断难题。这里,我们要介绍的是一例有趣的直肠肿块病例,患者是一名 66 岁的巴林男性,已知患有肠易激综合征,表现为右侧髂窝区饱胀症状,并伴有反复发作的便秘。影像学检查发现他的直肠上部有一个巨大肿块,但使用乙状结肠镜检查了三次都难以进行活检,因此患者最终接受了腹腔镜探查术和结肠切除术。病理学家确诊为分裂瘤。这篇引人入胜的病例研究揭开了直肠分裂瘤的神秘面纱。此外,我们还介绍了一个具有启发性的病例,该病例拓宽了我们在研究胃肠道间质瘤时的鉴别诊断范围,重点是其临床表现、诊断上的细微差别以及治疗上的考虑。
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引用次数: 0
A case of tuberculosis of adrenal gland presenting as acute adrenal insufficiency following initiation of anti-tubercular therapy 一例肾上腺结核病患者在开始接受抗结核治疗后表现为急性肾上腺功能不全
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_46_2024
Bermio Vijayakumar, Anusuya Meganathan, Sharmila Devi Ranganathan, Balamanikandan Paulchamy
Adrenal tuberculosis is one important cause of acute or chronic adrenal insufficiency in developing countries like India. There are many random cases in literature describing various clinical situations of adrenal tuberculosis presenting with adrenal insufficiency, especially after initiation of anti-tubercular therapy. A 43-year-old male recently diagnosed patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic coronary syndrome was admitted for acute decompensated heart failure with pulmonary edema. He was taking fixed dose combination anti-tubercular therapy. During admission, he had hyponatremia (serum sodium 96 mEq/L) and during treatment, he developed hypotension and shock, which were appropriately treated. Due to ischemic hepatitis, anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) was modified to streptomycin, ethambutol, and ofloxacin regimen to avoid further hepatotoxicity. Hyponatremia and shock recovered. Rifampicin and isoniazid were restarted. He again developed easy fatiguability, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. Suspecting adrenal insufficiency, fasting serum cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were done, which revealed a low serum fasting cortisol and high ACTH. Computed tomography abdomen showed enlarged left adrenal gland with calcifications. He was started on prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day with full dose fixed dose ATT, following which his symptoms resolved.
在印度等发展中国家,肾上腺结核是导致急性或慢性肾上腺功能不全的一个重要原因。文献中有许多随机病例描述了肾上腺结核出现肾上腺功能不全的各种临床情况,尤其是在开始抗结核治疗后。一名 43 岁的男性患者最近被诊断患有肺结核和慢性冠状动脉综合征,因急性失代偿性心力衰竭伴肺水肿入院。他正在接受固定剂量的联合抗结核治疗。入院期间,他出现了低钠血症(血清钠 96 mEq/L),在治疗期间,他出现了低血压和休克,并得到了适当的治疗。由于缺血性肝炎,抗结核治疗(ATT)改为链霉素、乙胺丁醇和氧氟沙星方案,以避免进一步的肝毒性。低钠血症和休克痊愈。重新开始使用利福平和异烟肼。他再次出现易疲劳、恶心、呕吐和低血压。怀疑肾上腺功能不全,进行了空腹血清皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)检查,结果显示空腹血清皮质醇偏低,促肾上腺皮质激素偏高。腹部计算机断层扫描显示左肾上腺肿大并伴有钙化。他开始服用泼尼松龙 2 毫克/千克/天和全量固定剂量 ATT,随后症状得到缓解。
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引用次数: 0
Rare presentation of gastric glomus tumor in a 28-year-old female with gastritis 一名患有胃炎的 28 岁女性罕见地患上了胃粘膜瘤
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_193_2023
Aalaa Mubarak, Safa Alshaikh, Jaffar Alkhuzaie, Naeema Ali
This case report describes a rare presentation of a gastric glomus tumor in a 28-year-old Bahraini female patient who was previously diagnosed with gastritis and was on proton-pump inhibitor therapy for the past 3 years. The patient presented with symptoms of anemia and coffee ground vomiting, which led to further investigation and the eventual diagnosis of a glomus tumor in the stomach. Glomus tumors are uncommon neoplasms derived from the glomus body, a specialized arteriovenous structure involved in thermoregulation. Although they typically occur in the extremities, glomus tumors can rarely be seen in visceral organs, including the stomach. This case emphasizes the importance of considering unusual etiologies in patients with atypical presentations, even in those with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions.
本病例报告描述了一名 28 岁巴林女性患者罕见的胃腺瘤病例,该患者曾被诊断为胃炎,并在过去 3 年中一直接受质子泵抑制剂治疗。患者出现贫血和咖啡样呕吐症状,经进一步检查,最终确诊为胃腺瘤。胶状体瘤是一种不常见的肿瘤,来源于胶状体,这是一种参与体温调节的特殊动静脉结构。虽然胶状体瘤通常发生在四肢,但很少见于内脏器官,包括胃。本病例强调,对于表现不典型的患者,甚至是已经存在胃肠道疾病的患者,考虑异常病因非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Uses, benefits and future of artificial intelligence (AI) in orthopedics 人工智能(AI)在骨科领域的用途、益处和前景
Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_205_2023
Lakshmi Nathan, Veerabahu Muthusamy
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in healthcare is estimated to grow at 47.6%/year. AI applications in orthopedics are used for diagnostics, predictive models, medical image analysis, and risk prediction. This review aims to provide an understanding of AI applications used in orthopedics, their benefits, future applications, and challenges to be overcome.
人工智能(AI)技术在医疗保健领域的应用预计将以每年 47.6% 的速度增长。人工智能在骨科领域的应用包括诊断、预测模型、医学图像分析和风险预测。本综述旨在介绍人工智能在骨科中的应用、其优势、未来应用以及需要克服的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Thyroid nodule diagnosis: A comparative analysis of ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology 甲状腺结节诊断:超声波和细针穿刺细胞学比较分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_212_2023
Omar Hassan Nassar
This paper aimed to investigate the association between Ultrasonography (USG) results and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TNs) in private and public hospitals in Yemen. In addition, it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity of USG and FNAC in diagnosing thyroid nodules (TNs).The study utilized a retrospective comparative study design, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with TNs between June 01, 2022 and May 01, 2023, in four private and public hospitals in Yemen. USG and FNAC reports, along with demographic data were collected. The author categorized the USG findings based on the American Thyroid Association guidelines, while FNAC results were classified according to the Bethesda reporting system for thyroid cytopathology.The study included 94 diverse participants with TNs. The average age was 39.96 years, with a majority of female participants (85.1%). The distribution of nodules revealed varying consistencies, sizes, and shapes. The association between USG and FNAC diagnoses showed a significant relationship (χ2 = 34.914, P < 0.001), with a high proportion of benign cases in both USG and FNAC results. Validity analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.68% and a specificity of 70.73% for USG in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. The positive predictive value was 79.66%, and the negative predictive value was 82.86%. The overall accuracy of USG compared to FNAC was 80.85%.This study shows USG’s potential as a diagnostic tool for TNs in Yemen. Insights improve understanding of TN diagnosis in Yemen’s healthcare settings.
本文旨在研究也门私立和公立医院在诊断甲状腺结节(TNs)时,超声波检查(USG)结果与细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)结果之间的关联。该研究采用回顾性比较研究设计,分析了2022年6月1日至2023年5月1日期间在也门四家私立和公立医院确诊的甲状腺结节(TNs)患者的病历。研究人员收集了 USG 和 FNAC 报告以及人口统计学数据。作者根据美国甲状腺协会指南对 USG 结果进行了分类,而 FNAC 结果则根据甲状腺细胞病理学贝塞斯达报告系统进行了分类。平均年龄为 39.96 岁,女性患者占大多数(85.1%)。结节的分布显示出不同的一致性、大小和形状。USG 和 FNAC 诊断之间存在显著关联(χ2 = 34.914,P < 0.001),USG 和 FNAC 结果中良性病例比例较高。有效性分析表明,USG 诊断甲状腺癌的敏感性为 88.68%,特异性为 70.73%。阳性预测值为 79.66%,阴性预测值为 82.86%。与 FNAC 相比,USG 的总体准确率为 80.85%。这项研究显示了 USG 作为 TN 诊断工具的潜力。该研究显示了USG作为也门TN诊断工具的潜力,其启示提高了也门医疗机构对TN诊断的认识。
{"title":"Thyroid nodule diagnosis: A comparative analysis of ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology","authors":"Omar Hassan Nassar","doi":"10.25259/ijms_212_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_212_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This paper aimed to investigate the association between Ultrasonography (USG) results and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TNs) in private and public hospitals in Yemen. In addition, it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity of USG and FNAC in diagnosing thyroid nodules (TNs).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study utilized a retrospective comparative study design, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with TNs between June 01, 2022 and May 01, 2023, in four private and public hospitals in Yemen. USG and FNAC reports, along with demographic data were collected. The author categorized the USG findings based on the American Thyroid Association guidelines, while FNAC results were classified according to the Bethesda reporting system for thyroid cytopathology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study included 94 diverse participants with TNs. The average age was 39.96 years, with a majority of female participants (85.1%). The distribution of nodules revealed varying consistencies, sizes, and shapes. The association between USG and FNAC diagnoses showed a significant relationship (χ2 = 34.914, P < 0.001), with a high proportion of benign cases in both USG and FNAC results. Validity analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.68% and a specificity of 70.73% for USG in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. The positive predictive value was 79.66%, and the negative predictive value was 82.86%. The overall accuracy of USG compared to FNAC was 80.85%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study shows USG’s potential as a diagnostic tool for TNs in Yemen. Insights improve understanding of TN diagnosis in Yemen’s healthcare settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139846026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thyroid nodule diagnosis: A comparative analysis of ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology 甲状腺结节诊断:超声波和细针穿刺细胞学比较分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_212_2023
Omar Hassan Nassar
This paper aimed to investigate the association between Ultrasonography (USG) results and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TNs) in private and public hospitals in Yemen. In addition, it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity of USG and FNAC in diagnosing thyroid nodules (TNs).The study utilized a retrospective comparative study design, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with TNs between June 01, 2022 and May 01, 2023, in four private and public hospitals in Yemen. USG and FNAC reports, along with demographic data were collected. The author categorized the USG findings based on the American Thyroid Association guidelines, while FNAC results were classified according to the Bethesda reporting system for thyroid cytopathology.The study included 94 diverse participants with TNs. The average age was 39.96 years, with a majority of female participants (85.1%). The distribution of nodules revealed varying consistencies, sizes, and shapes. The association between USG and FNAC diagnoses showed a significant relationship (χ2 = 34.914, P < 0.001), with a high proportion of benign cases in both USG and FNAC results. Validity analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.68% and a specificity of 70.73% for USG in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. The positive predictive value was 79.66%, and the negative predictive value was 82.86%. The overall accuracy of USG compared to FNAC was 80.85%.This study shows USG’s potential as a diagnostic tool for TNs in Yemen. Insights improve understanding of TN diagnosis in Yemen’s healthcare settings.
本文旨在研究也门私立和公立医院在诊断甲状腺结节(TNs)时,超声波检查(USG)结果与细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)结果之间的关联。该研究采用回顾性比较研究设计,分析了2022年6月1日至2023年5月1日期间在也门四家私立和公立医院确诊的甲状腺结节(TNs)患者的病历。研究人员收集了 USG 和 FNAC 报告以及人口统计学数据。作者根据美国甲状腺协会指南对 USG 结果进行了分类,而 FNAC 结果则根据甲状腺细胞病理学贝塞斯达报告系统进行了分类。平均年龄为 39.96 岁,女性患者占大多数(85.1%)。结节的分布显示出不同的一致性、大小和形状。USG 和 FNAC 诊断之间存在显著关联(χ2 = 34.914,P < 0.001),USG 和 FNAC 结果中良性病例比例较高。有效性分析表明,USG 诊断甲状腺癌的敏感性为 88.68%,特异性为 70.73%。阳性预测值为 79.66%,阴性预测值为 82.86%。与 FNAC 相比,USG 的总体准确率为 80.85%。这项研究显示了 USG 作为 TN 诊断工具的潜力。该研究显示了USG作为也门TN诊断工具的潜力,其启示提高了也门医疗机构对TN诊断的认识。
{"title":"Thyroid nodule diagnosis: A comparative analysis of ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology","authors":"Omar Hassan Nassar","doi":"10.25259/ijms_212_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_212_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This paper aimed to investigate the association between Ultrasonography (USG) results and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TNs) in private and public hospitals in Yemen. In addition, it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity of USG and FNAC in diagnosing thyroid nodules (TNs).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study utilized a retrospective comparative study design, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with TNs between June 01, 2022 and May 01, 2023, in four private and public hospitals in Yemen. USG and FNAC reports, along with demographic data were collected. The author categorized the USG findings based on the American Thyroid Association guidelines, while FNAC results were classified according to the Bethesda reporting system for thyroid cytopathology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study included 94 diverse participants with TNs. The average age was 39.96 years, with a majority of female participants (85.1%). The distribution of nodules revealed varying consistencies, sizes, and shapes. The association between USG and FNAC diagnoses showed a significant relationship (χ2 = 34.914, P < 0.001), with a high proportion of benign cases in both USG and FNAC results. Validity analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.68% and a specificity of 70.73% for USG in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. The positive predictive value was 79.66%, and the negative predictive value was 82.86%. The overall accuracy of USG compared to FNAC was 80.85%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study shows USG’s potential as a diagnostic tool for TNs in Yemen. Insights improve understanding of TN diagnosis in Yemen’s healthcare settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"123 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographic profile, spectrum, awareness, and cost of renal replacement therapy of chronic kidney disease patients in a public tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India 印度拉贾斯坦邦一家公立三级医疗中心慢性肾病患者的人口概况、病谱、对肾脏替代疗法的认识和费用
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_240_2023
R. Jhorawat, Ravi Kumar Meena, Seetaram Singh Kularaj, S. Sharma, P. Beniwal, Rakesh Gupta, D. Agarwal, V. Malhotra
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are common risk factors. This is the only study on CKD from Rajasthan that highlights basic CKD profiles in patients attending public tertiary care centers.This observation study included diagnosed cases of CKD attending nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from January to December 2020. Data regarding the cause of CKD, its stage, mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and direct cost of medication were collected. The state runs various schemes, including free dialysis facilities for all, below-poverty level cards (below poverty line [BPL] cards, which had complete free treatment), and state health cards Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY) under the government scheme.A total of 252 patients were included in the study. Patients on dialysis were highest, followed by stage V and stage IV CKD, representing 33.73%, 18.65%, and 17.86%, respectively. Hypertension was the predominant cause of CKD, representing 29.37% and CKD (u) prevalence in our study was 14.68%. The direct cost of treatment at CKD stages I, II, III, IV, and V were Rs. 520 ($6.93), Rs. 2435.71 ($32.48), Rs. 3400 ($45.33), Rs. 3405.57 ($45.41), and Rs. 4815.97 ($64.21) per month, respectively. The monthly medicine cost of treatment on hemodialysis was Rs. 6730.60 ($89.74), Rs. 30,278 ($403.71) on peritoneal dialysis, and Rs. 5021.74 ($66.96) on renal transplant. BPL card holders were 8.33%, 39.68% had BSSY card, 16.27% had Insurance, and around one-third (35.71%) were without support.Age, socioeconomic status, and geographical location affect CKD etiology. The accessible dialysis facility, insurance, and government policies affect the selection of the RRT.
慢性肾脏病(CKD)被公认为全球死亡的主要原因。糖尿病和高血压是常见的风险因素。这是拉贾斯坦邦唯一一项关于慢性肾脏病的研究,该研究强调了在公立三级医疗中心就诊的慢性肾脏病患者的基本情况。这项观察研究包括 2020 年 1 月至 12 月期间在肾内科门诊部(OPD)就诊的慢性肾脏病确诊病例。研究收集了有关慢性肾功能衰竭的病因、阶段、肾脏替代疗法(RRT)模式和直接药物费用的数据。该州实施了各种计划,包括政府计划下的全民免费透析设施、贫困线以下卡(贫困线以下卡,可享受完全免费治疗)和州健康卡 Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY)。透析患者最多,其次是五期和四期慢性肾脏病患者,分别占 33.73%、18.65% 和 17.86%。高血压是导致慢性肾脏病的主要原因,占 29.37%,在我们的研究中,慢性肾脏病(u)的发病率为 14.68%。CKD I、II、III、IV 和 V 期的直接治疗费用分别为每月 520 卢比(6.93 美元)、2435.71 卢比(32.48 美元)、3400 卢比(45.33 美元)、3405.57 卢比(45.41 美元)和 4815.97 卢比(64.21 美元)。血液透析的每月药费为 6730.60 卢比(89.74 美元),腹膜透析为 30278 卢比(403.71 美元),肾移植为 5021.74 卢比(66.96 美元)。持有 BPL 卡的人占 8.33%,持有 BSSY 卡的人占 39.68%,有保险的人占 16.27%,约三分之一(35.71%)的人没有支持。年龄、社会经济地位和地理位置影响着 CKD 病因,透析设施、保险和政府政策影响着 RRT 的选择。
{"title":"Demographic profile, spectrum, awareness, and cost of renal replacement therapy of chronic kidney disease patients in a public tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India","authors":"R. Jhorawat, Ravi Kumar Meena, Seetaram Singh Kularaj, S. Sharma, P. Beniwal, Rakesh Gupta, D. Agarwal, V. Malhotra","doi":"10.25259/ijms_240_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_240_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are common risk factors. This is the only study on CKD from Rajasthan that highlights basic CKD profiles in patients attending public tertiary care centers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This observation study included diagnosed cases of CKD attending nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from January to December 2020. Data regarding the cause of CKD, its stage, mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and direct cost of medication were collected. The state runs various schemes, including free dialysis facilities for all, below-poverty level cards (below poverty line [BPL] cards, which had complete free treatment), and state health cards Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY) under the government scheme.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 252 patients were included in the study. Patients on dialysis were highest, followed by stage V and stage IV CKD, representing 33.73%, 18.65%, and 17.86%, respectively. Hypertension was the predominant cause of CKD, representing 29.37% and CKD (u) prevalence in our study was 14.68%. The direct cost of treatment at CKD stages I, II, III, IV, and V were Rs. 520 ($6.93), Rs. 2435.71 ($32.48), Rs. 3400 ($45.33), Rs. 3405.57 ($45.41), and Rs. 4815.97 ($64.21) per month, respectively. The monthly medicine cost of treatment on hemodialysis was Rs. 6730.60 ($89.74), Rs. 30,278 ($403.71) on peritoneal dialysis, and Rs. 5021.74 ($66.96) on renal transplant. BPL card holders were 8.33%, 39.68% had BSSY card, 16.27% had Insurance, and around one-third (35.71%) were without support.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, socioeconomic status, and geographical location affect CKD etiology. The accessible dialysis facility, insurance, and government policies affect the selection of the RRT.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographic profile, spectrum, awareness, and cost of renal replacement therapy of chronic kidney disease patients in a public tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India 印度拉贾斯坦邦一家公立三级医疗中心慢性肾病患者的人口概况、病谱、对肾脏替代疗法的认识和费用
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.25259/ijms_240_2023
R. Jhorawat, Ravi Kumar Meena, Seetaram Singh Kularaj, S. Sharma, P. Beniwal, Rakesh Gupta, D. Agarwal, V. Malhotra
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are common risk factors. This is the only study on CKD from Rajasthan that highlights basic CKD profiles in patients attending public tertiary care centers.This observation study included diagnosed cases of CKD attending nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from January to December 2020. Data regarding the cause of CKD, its stage, mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and direct cost of medication were collected. The state runs various schemes, including free dialysis facilities for all, below-poverty level cards (below poverty line [BPL] cards, which had complete free treatment), and state health cards Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY) under the government scheme.A total of 252 patients were included in the study. Patients on dialysis were highest, followed by stage V and stage IV CKD, representing 33.73%, 18.65%, and 17.86%, respectively. Hypertension was the predominant cause of CKD, representing 29.37% and CKD (u) prevalence in our study was 14.68%. The direct cost of treatment at CKD stages I, II, III, IV, and V were Rs. 520 ($6.93), Rs. 2435.71 ($32.48), Rs. 3400 ($45.33), Rs. 3405.57 ($45.41), and Rs. 4815.97 ($64.21) per month, respectively. The monthly medicine cost of treatment on hemodialysis was Rs. 6730.60 ($89.74), Rs. 30,278 ($403.71) on peritoneal dialysis, and Rs. 5021.74 ($66.96) on renal transplant. BPL card holders were 8.33%, 39.68% had BSSY card, 16.27% had Insurance, and around one-third (35.71%) were without support.Age, socioeconomic status, and geographical location affect CKD etiology. The accessible dialysis facility, insurance, and government policies affect the selection of the RRT.
慢性肾脏病(CKD)被公认为全球死亡的主要原因。糖尿病和高血压是常见的风险因素。这是拉贾斯坦邦唯一一项关于慢性肾脏病的研究,该研究强调了在公立三级医疗中心就诊的慢性肾脏病患者的基本情况。这项观察研究包括 2020 年 1 月至 12 月期间在肾内科门诊部(OPD)就诊的慢性肾脏病确诊病例。研究收集了有关慢性肾功能衰竭的病因、阶段、肾脏替代疗法(RRT)模式和直接药物费用的数据。该州实施了各种计划,包括政府计划下的全民免费透析设施、贫困线以下卡(贫困线以下卡,可享受完全免费治疗)和州健康卡 Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY)。透析患者最多,其次是五期和四期慢性肾脏病患者,分别占 33.73%、18.65% 和 17.86%。高血压是导致慢性肾脏病的主要原因,占 29.37%,在我们的研究中,慢性肾脏病(u)的发病率为 14.68%。CKD I、II、III、IV 和 V 期的直接治疗费用分别为每月 520 卢比(6.93 美元)、2435.71 卢比(32.48 美元)、3400 卢比(45.33 美元)、3405.57 卢比(45.41 美元)和 4815.97 卢比(64.21 美元)。血液透析的每月药费为 6730.60 卢比(89.74 美元),腹膜透析为 30278 卢比(403.71 美元),肾移植为 5021.74 卢比(66.96 美元)。持有 BPL 卡的人占 8.33%,持有 BSSY 卡的人占 39.68%,有保险的人占 16.27%,约三分之一(35.71%)的人没有支持。年龄、社会经济地位和地理位置影响着 CKD 病因,透析设施、保险和政府政策影响着 RRT 的选择。
{"title":"Demographic profile, spectrum, awareness, and cost of renal replacement therapy of chronic kidney disease patients in a public tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India","authors":"R. Jhorawat, Ravi Kumar Meena, Seetaram Singh Kularaj, S. Sharma, P. Beniwal, Rakesh Gupta, D. Agarwal, V. Malhotra","doi":"10.25259/ijms_240_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_240_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are common risk factors. This is the only study on CKD from Rajasthan that highlights basic CKD profiles in patients attending public tertiary care centers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This observation study included diagnosed cases of CKD attending nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from January to December 2020. Data regarding the cause of CKD, its stage, mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and direct cost of medication were collected. The state runs various schemes, including free dialysis facilities for all, below-poverty level cards (below poverty line [BPL] cards, which had complete free treatment), and state health cards Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY) under the government scheme.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 252 patients were included in the study. Patients on dialysis were highest, followed by stage V and stage IV CKD, representing 33.73%, 18.65%, and 17.86%, respectively. Hypertension was the predominant cause of CKD, representing 29.37% and CKD (u) prevalence in our study was 14.68%. The direct cost of treatment at CKD stages I, II, III, IV, and V were Rs. 520 ($6.93), Rs. 2435.71 ($32.48), Rs. 3400 ($45.33), Rs. 3405.57 ($45.41), and Rs. 4815.97 ($64.21) per month, respectively. The monthly medicine cost of treatment on hemodialysis was Rs. 6730.60 ($89.74), Rs. 30,278 ($403.71) on peritoneal dialysis, and Rs. 5021.74 ($66.96) on renal transplant. BPL card holders were 8.33%, 39.68% had BSSY card, 16.27% had Insurance, and around one-third (35.71%) were without support.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, socioeconomic status, and geographical location affect CKD etiology. The accessible dialysis facility, insurance, and government policies affect the selection of the RRT.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Indian Journal of Medical Sciences
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