Naveen Bansal, Y. Bansal, Ashish Gulia, Charu Singh
{"title":"Good clinical practice in India: What a researcher should know?","authors":"Naveen Bansal, Y. Bansal, Ashish Gulia, Charu Singh","doi":"10.25259/ijms_134_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_134_2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kangan, R. Mehra, Varsha Gupta, Poonam Goel, Manjeet Kaur
With increasing rates of cesarean section (CS), the incidence of post-operative complications is bound to increase, which includes surgical site infections (SSIs), being one of the common and distressing complication. This study was aimed to evaluate the various determinants of post-CS SSI, their clinical spectrum, prevalent microbiology, and their susceptibility and resistance patterns. This was a prospective longitudinal hospital-based study undertaken in Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh. Six hundred and eighty-eight patients were included from April, 2021, to September, 2022, and were followed up till 42nd day post-procedure. The incidence of SSI in the study was 3.49%. The risk factors identified were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), thrombocytopenia, chorioamnionitis, prolonged labor, multiple per vaginum examinations, prolonged surgery, post-partum hemorrhage, and blood and blood product transfusions. Most patients presented on or after day 8 of surgery with discharge from the wound site being the most common presentation. Staphylococcus aureus emerged as the most prevalent organism and out of five patients having S. aureus, three had methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Linezolid was found to be the most susceptible antibiotic, whereas ciprofloxacin was mostly resistant among the prevalent isolates. Some of these determinants are modifiable such as GDM and thrombocytopenia and if detected and managed early may help in reducing the risk of developing SSI. Linezolid must be used empirically for treatment of SSI until the reporting of culture and sensitivity is done because routine antibiotics used for antibiotic prophylaxis in CS were found to be highly resistant. Periodic analysis of clinical spectrum and culture and sensitivity patterns is imperative for the early diagnosis and appropriate empirical management of SSI.
{"title":"Clinico-microbiological evaluation of post-cesarean surgical site infections","authors":"Kangan, R. Mehra, Varsha Gupta, Poonam Goel, Manjeet Kaur","doi":"10.25259/ijms_268_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_268_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000With increasing rates of cesarean section (CS), the incidence of post-operative complications is bound to increase, which includes surgical site infections (SSIs), being one of the common and distressing complication. This study was aimed to evaluate the various determinants of post-CS SSI, their clinical spectrum, prevalent microbiology, and their susceptibility and resistance patterns.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This was a prospective longitudinal hospital-based study undertaken in Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh. Six hundred and eighty-eight patients were included from April, 2021, to September, 2022, and were followed up till 42nd day post-procedure.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The incidence of SSI in the study was 3.49%. The risk factors identified were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), thrombocytopenia, chorioamnionitis, prolonged labor, multiple per vaginum examinations, prolonged surgery, post-partum hemorrhage, and blood and blood product transfusions. Most patients presented on or after day 8 of surgery with discharge from the wound site being the most common presentation. Staphylococcus aureus emerged as the most prevalent organism and out of five patients having S. aureus, three had methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Linezolid was found to be the most susceptible antibiotic, whereas ciprofloxacin was mostly resistant among the prevalent isolates.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Some of these determinants are modifiable such as GDM and thrombocytopenia and if detected and managed early may help in reducing the risk of developing SSI. Linezolid must be used empirically for treatment of SSI until the reporting of culture and sensitivity is done because routine antibiotics used for antibiotic prophylaxis in CS were found to be highly resistant. Periodic analysis of clinical spectrum and culture and sensitivity patterns is imperative for the early diagnosis and appropriate empirical management of SSI.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"110 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rectal schwannomas, although exceedingly rare, represent an intriguing and often perplexing diagnostic challenge in the field of gastroenterology. Here, we are presenting an interesting case of rectal mass in a 66-years-old Bahraini male who has a known case of irritable bowel and presented with symptoms of fullness in the right iliac fossa region accompanied by recurrent episodes of constipation. A large upper rectal mass was identified in imaging studies; however, obtaining a biopsy was difficult using sigmoidoscopy three times; hence, the patient eventually underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with colectomy. Pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. This captivating case study unravels the enigma surrounding a unique encounter with rectal schwannoma. In addition, we represent an enlightening case that widens our differential diagnosis in investigating mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract with emphasis on its clinical presentation, diagnostic nuances, and therapeutic consideration.
{"title":"An unusual case of rectal schwannoma: A case report","authors":"Safa Alshaikh, Ayman Almuqamam, Aalaa Mubarak","doi":"10.25259/ijms_64_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_64_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Rectal schwannomas, although exceedingly rare, represent an intriguing and often perplexing diagnostic challenge in the field of gastroenterology. Here, we are presenting an interesting case of rectal mass in a 66-years-old Bahraini male who has a known case of irritable bowel and presented with symptoms of fullness in the right iliac fossa region accompanied by recurrent episodes of constipation. A large upper rectal mass was identified in imaging studies; however, obtaining a biopsy was difficult using sigmoidoscopy three times; hence, the patient eventually underwent an exploratory laparoscopy with colectomy. Pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. This captivating case study unravels the enigma surrounding a unique encounter with rectal schwannoma. In addition, we represent an enlightening case that widens our differential diagnosis in investigating mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract with emphasis on its clinical presentation, diagnostic nuances, and therapeutic consideration.","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrenal tuberculosis is one important cause of acute or chronic adrenal insufficiency in developing countries like India. There are many random cases in literature describing various clinical situations of adrenal tuberculosis presenting with adrenal insufficiency, especially after initiation of anti-tubercular therapy. A 43-year-old male recently diagnosed patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic coronary syndrome was admitted for acute decompensated heart failure with pulmonary edema. He was taking fixed dose combination anti-tubercular therapy. During admission, he had hyponatremia (serum sodium 96 mEq/L) and during treatment, he developed hypotension and shock, which were appropriately treated. Due to ischemic hepatitis, anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) was modified to streptomycin, ethambutol, and ofloxacin regimen to avoid further hepatotoxicity. Hyponatremia and shock recovered. Rifampicin and isoniazid were restarted. He again developed easy fatiguability, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. Suspecting adrenal insufficiency, fasting serum cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were done, which revealed a low serum fasting cortisol and high ACTH. Computed tomography abdomen showed enlarged left adrenal gland with calcifications. He was started on prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day with full dose fixed dose ATT, following which his symptoms resolved.
{"title":"A case of tuberculosis of adrenal gland presenting as acute adrenal insufficiency following initiation of anti-tubercular therapy","authors":"Bermio Vijayakumar, Anusuya Meganathan, Sharmila Devi Ranganathan, Balamanikandan Paulchamy","doi":"10.25259/ijms_46_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_46_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Adrenal tuberculosis is one important cause of acute or chronic adrenal insufficiency in developing countries like India. There are many random cases in literature describing various clinical situations of adrenal tuberculosis presenting with adrenal insufficiency, especially after initiation of anti-tubercular therapy. A 43-year-old male recently diagnosed patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic coronary syndrome was admitted for acute decompensated heart failure with pulmonary edema. He was taking fixed dose combination anti-tubercular therapy. During admission, he had hyponatremia (serum sodium 96 mEq/L) and during treatment, he developed hypotension and shock, which were appropriately treated. Due to ischemic hepatitis, anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) was modified to streptomycin, ethambutol, and ofloxacin regimen to avoid further hepatotoxicity. Hyponatremia and shock recovered. Rifampicin and isoniazid were restarted. He again developed easy fatiguability, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. Suspecting adrenal insufficiency, fasting serum cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were done, which revealed a low serum fasting cortisol and high ACTH. Computed tomography abdomen showed enlarged left adrenal gland with calcifications. He was started on prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day with full dose fixed dose ATT, following which his symptoms resolved.","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"72 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aalaa Mubarak, Safa Alshaikh, Jaffar Alkhuzaie, Naeema Ali
This case report describes a rare presentation of a gastric glomus tumor in a 28-year-old Bahraini female patient who was previously diagnosed with gastritis and was on proton-pump inhibitor therapy for the past 3 years. The patient presented with symptoms of anemia and coffee ground vomiting, which led to further investigation and the eventual diagnosis of a glomus tumor in the stomach. Glomus tumors are uncommon neoplasms derived from the glomus body, a specialized arteriovenous structure involved in thermoregulation. Although they typically occur in the extremities, glomus tumors can rarely be seen in visceral organs, including the stomach. This case emphasizes the importance of considering unusual etiologies in patients with atypical presentations, even in those with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions.
{"title":"Rare presentation of gastric glomus tumor in a 28-year-old female with gastritis","authors":"Aalaa Mubarak, Safa Alshaikh, Jaffar Alkhuzaie, Naeema Ali","doi":"10.25259/ijms_193_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_193_2023","url":null,"abstract":"This case report describes a rare presentation of a gastric glomus tumor in a 28-year-old Bahraini female patient who was previously diagnosed with gastritis and was on proton-pump inhibitor therapy for the past 3 years. The patient presented with symptoms of anemia and coffee ground vomiting, which led to further investigation and the eventual diagnosis of a glomus tumor in the stomach. Glomus tumors are uncommon neoplasms derived from the glomus body, a specialized arteriovenous structure involved in thermoregulation. Although they typically occur in the extremities, glomus tumors can rarely be seen in visceral organs, including the stomach. This case emphasizes the importance of considering unusual etiologies in patients with atypical presentations, even in those with pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions.","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in healthcare is estimated to grow at 47.6%/year. AI applications in orthopedics are used for diagnostics, predictive models, medical image analysis, and risk prediction. This review aims to provide an understanding of AI applications used in orthopedics, their benefits, future applications, and challenges to be overcome.
{"title":"Uses, benefits and future of artificial intelligence (AI) in orthopedics","authors":"Lakshmi Nathan, Veerabahu Muthusamy","doi":"10.25259/ijms_205_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_205_2023","url":null,"abstract":"The use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in healthcare is estimated to grow at 47.6%/year. AI applications in orthopedics are used for diagnostics, predictive models, medical image analysis, and risk prediction. This review aims to provide an understanding of AI applications used in orthopedics, their benefits, future applications, and challenges to be overcome.","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"62 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aimed to investigate the association between Ultrasonography (USG) results and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TNs) in private and public hospitals in Yemen. In addition, it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity of USG and FNAC in diagnosing thyroid nodules (TNs). The study utilized a retrospective comparative study design, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with TNs between June 01, 2022 and May 01, 2023, in four private and public hospitals in Yemen. USG and FNAC reports, along with demographic data were collected. The author categorized the USG findings based on the American Thyroid Association guidelines, while FNAC results were classified according to the Bethesda reporting system for thyroid cytopathology. The study included 94 diverse participants with TNs. The average age was 39.96 years, with a majority of female participants (85.1%). The distribution of nodules revealed varying consistencies, sizes, and shapes. The association between USG and FNAC diagnoses showed a significant relationship (χ2 = 34.914, P < 0.001), with a high proportion of benign cases in both USG and FNAC results. Validity analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.68% and a specificity of 70.73% for USG in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. The positive predictive value was 79.66%, and the negative predictive value was 82.86%. The overall accuracy of USG compared to FNAC was 80.85%. This study shows USG’s potential as a diagnostic tool for TNs in Yemen. Insights improve understanding of TN diagnosis in Yemen’s healthcare settings.
{"title":"Thyroid nodule diagnosis: A comparative analysis of ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology","authors":"Omar Hassan Nassar","doi":"10.25259/ijms_212_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_212_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This paper aimed to investigate the association between Ultrasonography (USG) results and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TNs) in private and public hospitals in Yemen. In addition, it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity of USG and FNAC in diagnosing thyroid nodules (TNs).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study utilized a retrospective comparative study design, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with TNs between June 01, 2022 and May 01, 2023, in four private and public hospitals in Yemen. USG and FNAC reports, along with demographic data were collected. The author categorized the USG findings based on the American Thyroid Association guidelines, while FNAC results were classified according to the Bethesda reporting system for thyroid cytopathology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study included 94 diverse participants with TNs. The average age was 39.96 years, with a majority of female participants (85.1%). The distribution of nodules revealed varying consistencies, sizes, and shapes. The association between USG and FNAC diagnoses showed a significant relationship (χ2 = 34.914, P < 0.001), with a high proportion of benign cases in both USG and FNAC results. Validity analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.68% and a specificity of 70.73% for USG in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. The positive predictive value was 79.66%, and the negative predictive value was 82.86%. The overall accuracy of USG compared to FNAC was 80.85%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study shows USG’s potential as a diagnostic tool for TNs in Yemen. Insights improve understanding of TN diagnosis in Yemen’s healthcare settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139846026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aimed to investigate the association between Ultrasonography (USG) results and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TNs) in private and public hospitals in Yemen. In addition, it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity of USG and FNAC in diagnosing thyroid nodules (TNs). The study utilized a retrospective comparative study design, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with TNs between June 01, 2022 and May 01, 2023, in four private and public hospitals in Yemen. USG and FNAC reports, along with demographic data were collected. The author categorized the USG findings based on the American Thyroid Association guidelines, while FNAC results were classified according to the Bethesda reporting system for thyroid cytopathology. The study included 94 diverse participants with TNs. The average age was 39.96 years, with a majority of female participants (85.1%). The distribution of nodules revealed varying consistencies, sizes, and shapes. The association between USG and FNAC diagnoses showed a significant relationship (χ2 = 34.914, P < 0.001), with a high proportion of benign cases in both USG and FNAC results. Validity analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.68% and a specificity of 70.73% for USG in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. The positive predictive value was 79.66%, and the negative predictive value was 82.86%. The overall accuracy of USG compared to FNAC was 80.85%. This study shows USG’s potential as a diagnostic tool for TNs in Yemen. Insights improve understanding of TN diagnosis in Yemen’s healthcare settings.
{"title":"Thyroid nodule diagnosis: A comparative analysis of ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology","authors":"Omar Hassan Nassar","doi":"10.25259/ijms_212_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_212_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This paper aimed to investigate the association between Ultrasonography (USG) results and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TNs) in private and public hospitals in Yemen. In addition, it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity of USG and FNAC in diagnosing thyroid nodules (TNs).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study utilized a retrospective comparative study design, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with TNs between June 01, 2022 and May 01, 2023, in four private and public hospitals in Yemen. USG and FNAC reports, along with demographic data were collected. The author categorized the USG findings based on the American Thyroid Association guidelines, while FNAC results were classified according to the Bethesda reporting system for thyroid cytopathology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study included 94 diverse participants with TNs. The average age was 39.96 years, with a majority of female participants (85.1%). The distribution of nodules revealed varying consistencies, sizes, and shapes. The association between USG and FNAC diagnoses showed a significant relationship (χ2 = 34.914, P < 0.001), with a high proportion of benign cases in both USG and FNAC results. Validity analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.68% and a specificity of 70.73% for USG in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. The positive predictive value was 79.66%, and the negative predictive value was 82.86%. The overall accuracy of USG compared to FNAC was 80.85%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study shows USG’s potential as a diagnostic tool for TNs in Yemen. Insights improve understanding of TN diagnosis in Yemen’s healthcare settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"123 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Jhorawat, Ravi Kumar Meena, Seetaram Singh Kularaj, S. Sharma, P. Beniwal, Rakesh Gupta, D. Agarwal, V. Malhotra
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are common risk factors. This is the only study on CKD from Rajasthan that highlights basic CKD profiles in patients attending public tertiary care centers. This observation study included diagnosed cases of CKD attending nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from January to December 2020. Data regarding the cause of CKD, its stage, mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and direct cost of medication were collected. The state runs various schemes, including free dialysis facilities for all, below-poverty level cards (below poverty line [BPL] cards, which had complete free treatment), and state health cards Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY) under the government scheme. A total of 252 patients were included in the study. Patients on dialysis were highest, followed by stage V and stage IV CKD, representing 33.73%, 18.65%, and 17.86%, respectively. Hypertension was the predominant cause of CKD, representing 29.37% and CKD (u) prevalence in our study was 14.68%. The direct cost of treatment at CKD stages I, II, III, IV, and V were Rs. 520 ($6.93), Rs. 2435.71 ($32.48), Rs. 3400 ($45.33), Rs. 3405.57 ($45.41), and Rs. 4815.97 ($64.21) per month, respectively. The monthly medicine cost of treatment on hemodialysis was Rs. 6730.60 ($89.74), Rs. 30,278 ($403.71) on peritoneal dialysis, and Rs. 5021.74 ($66.96) on renal transplant. BPL card holders were 8.33%, 39.68% had BSSY card, 16.27% had Insurance, and around one-third (35.71%) were without support. Age, socioeconomic status, and geographical location affect CKD etiology. The accessible dialysis facility, insurance, and government policies affect the selection of the RRT.
{"title":"Demographic profile, spectrum, awareness, and cost of renal replacement therapy of chronic kidney disease patients in a public tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India","authors":"R. Jhorawat, Ravi Kumar Meena, Seetaram Singh Kularaj, S. Sharma, P. Beniwal, Rakesh Gupta, D. Agarwal, V. Malhotra","doi":"10.25259/ijms_240_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_240_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are common risk factors. This is the only study on CKD from Rajasthan that highlights basic CKD profiles in patients attending public tertiary care centers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This observation study included diagnosed cases of CKD attending nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from January to December 2020. Data regarding the cause of CKD, its stage, mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and direct cost of medication were collected. The state runs various schemes, including free dialysis facilities for all, below-poverty level cards (below poverty line [BPL] cards, which had complete free treatment), and state health cards Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY) under the government scheme.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 252 patients were included in the study. Patients on dialysis were highest, followed by stage V and stage IV CKD, representing 33.73%, 18.65%, and 17.86%, respectively. Hypertension was the predominant cause of CKD, representing 29.37% and CKD (u) prevalence in our study was 14.68%. The direct cost of treatment at CKD stages I, II, III, IV, and V were Rs. 520 ($6.93), Rs. 2435.71 ($32.48), Rs. 3400 ($45.33), Rs. 3405.57 ($45.41), and Rs. 4815.97 ($64.21) per month, respectively. The monthly medicine cost of treatment on hemodialysis was Rs. 6730.60 ($89.74), Rs. 30,278 ($403.71) on peritoneal dialysis, and Rs. 5021.74 ($66.96) on renal transplant. BPL card holders were 8.33%, 39.68% had BSSY card, 16.27% had Insurance, and around one-third (35.71%) were without support.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, socioeconomic status, and geographical location affect CKD etiology. The accessible dialysis facility, insurance, and government policies affect the selection of the RRT.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Jhorawat, Ravi Kumar Meena, Seetaram Singh Kularaj, S. Sharma, P. Beniwal, Rakesh Gupta, D. Agarwal, V. Malhotra
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are common risk factors. This is the only study on CKD from Rajasthan that highlights basic CKD profiles in patients attending public tertiary care centers. This observation study included diagnosed cases of CKD attending nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from January to December 2020. Data regarding the cause of CKD, its stage, mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and direct cost of medication were collected. The state runs various schemes, including free dialysis facilities for all, below-poverty level cards (below poverty line [BPL] cards, which had complete free treatment), and state health cards Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY) under the government scheme. A total of 252 patients were included in the study. Patients on dialysis were highest, followed by stage V and stage IV CKD, representing 33.73%, 18.65%, and 17.86%, respectively. Hypertension was the predominant cause of CKD, representing 29.37% and CKD (u) prevalence in our study was 14.68%. The direct cost of treatment at CKD stages I, II, III, IV, and V were Rs. 520 ($6.93), Rs. 2435.71 ($32.48), Rs. 3400 ($45.33), Rs. 3405.57 ($45.41), and Rs. 4815.97 ($64.21) per month, respectively. The monthly medicine cost of treatment on hemodialysis was Rs. 6730.60 ($89.74), Rs. 30,278 ($403.71) on peritoneal dialysis, and Rs. 5021.74 ($66.96) on renal transplant. BPL card holders were 8.33%, 39.68% had BSSY card, 16.27% had Insurance, and around one-third (35.71%) were without support. Age, socioeconomic status, and geographical location affect CKD etiology. The accessible dialysis facility, insurance, and government policies affect the selection of the RRT.
{"title":"Demographic profile, spectrum, awareness, and cost of renal replacement therapy of chronic kidney disease patients in a public tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India","authors":"R. Jhorawat, Ravi Kumar Meena, Seetaram Singh Kularaj, S. Sharma, P. Beniwal, Rakesh Gupta, D. Agarwal, V. Malhotra","doi":"10.25259/ijms_240_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_240_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes and hypertension are common risk factors. This is the only study on CKD from Rajasthan that highlights basic CKD profiles in patients attending public tertiary care centers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This observation study included diagnosed cases of CKD attending nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from January to December 2020. Data regarding the cause of CKD, its stage, mode of renal replacement therapy (RRT), and direct cost of medication were collected. The state runs various schemes, including free dialysis facilities for all, below-poverty level cards (below poverty line [BPL] cards, which had complete free treatment), and state health cards Bhamasha Swasthya Bima Yojana (BSSY) under the government scheme.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 252 patients were included in the study. Patients on dialysis were highest, followed by stage V and stage IV CKD, representing 33.73%, 18.65%, and 17.86%, respectively. Hypertension was the predominant cause of CKD, representing 29.37% and CKD (u) prevalence in our study was 14.68%. The direct cost of treatment at CKD stages I, II, III, IV, and V were Rs. 520 ($6.93), Rs. 2435.71 ($32.48), Rs. 3400 ($45.33), Rs. 3405.57 ($45.41), and Rs. 4815.97 ($64.21) per month, respectively. The monthly medicine cost of treatment on hemodialysis was Rs. 6730.60 ($89.74), Rs. 30,278 ($403.71) on peritoneal dialysis, and Rs. 5021.74 ($66.96) on renal transplant. BPL card holders were 8.33%, 39.68% had BSSY card, 16.27% had Insurance, and around one-third (35.71%) were without support.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, socioeconomic status, and geographical location affect CKD etiology. The accessible dialysis facility, insurance, and government policies affect the selection of the RRT.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505755,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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