Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1513.07.23.09
B. Suresha, P. Manjunath, M.B. Pratheek Bidappa, S. Sanketha, P. B. Bharath
In today’s paradigm petroleum and petro-based chemical products are being extracted and consumed at a substantial rate, proving to be hazardous and detrimental to the earth. Bio based resources are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, economical, and proved to be an alternative to the present mineral oils. This paper documents the research on naturally available mahua seed oil for bio-lubrication, its flash point and fire point, tribological properties namely coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter have been modified by the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in different concentrations by weight percentage (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0). four-ball tester was used according to ASTMD-4172 standards (60 min under 40 kg running at 1200 rpm). Probe ultrasonicator was used for particle dispersion. It was found that 0.75 wt. % loading of ZnO in mahua oil resulted in a 57.14% drop of coefficient of friction, but a slight increase in the wear scar diameter of 30.60% was observed.
{"title":"Investigation of Tribological Properties of Mahua Oil Mixed with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"B. Suresha, P. Manjunath, M.B. Pratheek Bidappa, S. Sanketha, P. B. Bharath","doi":"10.24874/ti.1513.07.23.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1513.07.23.09","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s paradigm petroleum and petro-based chemical products are being extracted and consumed at a substantial rate, proving to be hazardous and detrimental to the earth. Bio based resources are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, economical, and proved to be an alternative to the present mineral oils. This paper documents the research on naturally available mahua seed oil for bio-lubrication, its flash point and fire point, tribological properties namely coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter have been modified by the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in different concentrations by weight percentage (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0). four-ball tester was used according to ASTMD-4172 standards (60 min under 40 kg running at 1200 rpm). Probe ultrasonicator was used for particle dispersion. It was found that 0.75 wt. % loading of ZnO in mahua oil resulted in a 57.14% drop of coefficient of friction, but a slight increase in the wear scar diameter of 30.60% was observed.","PeriodicalId":505930,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":"427 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1544.09.23.11
Anael P. Krelling, J. L. Jeronimo, Ivandro Bonetti, Gabriela Rabethge, Heitor F. Pensky, Raíssa R.S. Bibow, B. Zappelino, Julio C.G. Milan, Cesar E. da Costa
The idea for this work came from a market need to obtain coatings or sealants that would extend the useful life of metallic materials in applications that involve exposure to corrosive environments. The main objective of the nanoceramic sealant studied in this work is to extend the life of metallic fasteners. To evaluate the performance of the sealant from other perspectives, microstructural analysis, adhesion test, micro-scale abrasive wear tests and corrosion test were carried out. These tests were performed on samples coated only with white zinc, which is commonly used in the fastener industry, and on samples coated with white zinc followed by application of the nanoceramic sealant. The application of the nanoceramic sealant contributed to the improvement of corrosion resistance and reduction of the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate of the sample coated with the sealant reduced by 62.2% when compared to the sample that only went through the white zinc coating process. The coating showed low adhesion to the substrate with the presence of severe delamination and microcracks. This feature contributed to the low wear resistance presented by the coating under the conditions studied in this work. Less attention, compared to studies involving corrosion resistance, has been given to wear resistance in the fastener industry. The results obtained in this paper show that the study of tribological behavior is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of fasteners applied in harsh environments.
{"title":"Micro-Scale Abrasive Wear Resistance of a Nanoceramic Sealant Applied on Galvanized Low Carbon Steel","authors":"Anael P. Krelling, J. L. Jeronimo, Ivandro Bonetti, Gabriela Rabethge, Heitor F. Pensky, Raíssa R.S. Bibow, B. Zappelino, Julio C.G. Milan, Cesar E. da Costa","doi":"10.24874/ti.1544.09.23.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1544.09.23.11","url":null,"abstract":"The idea for this work came from a market need to obtain coatings or sealants that would extend the useful life of metallic materials in applications that involve exposure to corrosive environments. The main objective of the nanoceramic sealant studied in this work is to extend the life of metallic fasteners. To evaluate the performance of the sealant from other perspectives, microstructural analysis, adhesion test, micro-scale abrasive wear tests and corrosion test were carried out. These tests were performed on samples coated only with white zinc, which is commonly used in the fastener industry, and on samples coated with white zinc followed by application of the nanoceramic sealant. The application of the nanoceramic sealant contributed to the improvement of corrosion resistance and reduction of the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate of the sample coated with the sealant reduced by 62.2% when compared to the sample that only went through the white zinc coating process. The coating showed low adhesion to the substrate with the presence of severe delamination and microcracks. This feature contributed to the low wear resistance presented by the coating under the conditions studied in this work. Less attention, compared to studies involving corrosion resistance, has been given to wear resistance in the fastener industry. The results obtained in this paper show that the study of tribological behavior is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of fasteners applied in harsh environments.","PeriodicalId":505930,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":"474 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1568.11.23.01
Hong Tien Nguyen, Tuan-Linh Nguyen, Nguyen Van Thien, Phan Van Quoc
During the production of smokeless charcoal, the pressing screw of the sawdust compressor is exposed to the effects of friction and elevated temperature, resulting in rapid wear. This phenomenon not only diminishes productivity but also exerts adverse influences on the final product's quality. Consequently, the pursuit of research endeavors aiming at prolonging the lifespan of the pressing screw holds significant importance, not only in reducing production costs but also in enhancing the product's overall quality. This paper adopts an innovative approach by integrating theoretical calculations, numerical simulations with practical experiments to ascertain the optimal profile for the pressing screw. This methodology employs Genetic Algorithm and Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations in conjunction with the EDEM software to simulate the working process and provide the optimal profile of the pressing screw. The analysis and simulation results indicate a substantial enhancement in the wear resistance of the pressing screw while ensuring the efficient movement of discrete materials during the pressing process. The results of this study not only indicate the main wear locations on the pressing screw but also suggest the optimal profile, providing a basis and control for wear assessment. Furthermore, the results of this research not only identifies the principal areas that are susceptible to wear on the pressing screw but also proposes optimal profile, threreby establish a solid foundation and methodology for wear assessment. These results will be pragmatically implemented in smokeless charcoal production factories, concurrently pave the way for further research and applications in this field.
{"title":"Enhancement of Wear Resistance of High-Load Pressing Screw in Smokeless Charcoal Production by Using Genetic Algorithm and Discrete Element Method","authors":"Hong Tien Nguyen, Tuan-Linh Nguyen, Nguyen Van Thien, Phan Van Quoc","doi":"10.24874/ti.1568.11.23.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1568.11.23.01","url":null,"abstract":"During the production of smokeless charcoal, the pressing screw of the sawdust compressor is exposed to the effects of friction and elevated temperature, resulting in rapid wear. This phenomenon not only diminishes productivity but also exerts adverse influences on the final product's quality. Consequently, the pursuit of research endeavors aiming at prolonging the lifespan of the pressing screw holds significant importance, not only in reducing production costs but also in enhancing the product's overall quality. This paper adopts an innovative approach by integrating theoretical calculations, numerical simulations with practical experiments to ascertain the optimal profile for the pressing screw. This methodology employs Genetic Algorithm and Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations in conjunction with the EDEM software to simulate the working process and provide the optimal profile of the pressing screw. The analysis and simulation results indicate a substantial enhancement in the wear resistance of the pressing screw while ensuring the efficient movement of discrete materials during the pressing process. The results of this study not only indicate the main wear locations on the pressing screw but also suggest the optimal profile, providing a basis and control for wear assessment. Furthermore, the results of this research not only identifies the principal areas that are susceptible to wear on the pressing screw but also proposes optimal profile, threreby establish a solid foundation and methodology for wear assessment. These results will be pragmatically implemented in smokeless charcoal production factories, concurrently pave the way for further research and applications in this field.","PeriodicalId":505930,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1547.08.23.09
M. Grabowy, Agnieszka Wojteczko, Piotr Osada, G. Wiązania, Z. Pędzich
An alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) material, fabricated using a procedure consisting of the common sintering of two different zirconia powders, was tested using the ball-on-disc method in a temperature range between 20 and 400 °C. Tetragonal zirconia balls were used as a counterpart. Three different types of microstructure were designed, one consisting in separated alumina inclusions in zirconia matrix, the second one containing alumina inclusion in the amount close to the percolation point and another one which was a combination of two continuous phases, penetrating the whole volume of the composite. It was detected that at elevated temperatures all materials showed distinct decrease of measured wear rate. Composite with a low alumina content showed minimal wear rate at 300 °C and composites with higher amount of alumina were the most wear resistant at 400 °C. There are some evidences that this minimal wear rate is connected with a pseudoplastic behavior of a layer formed between co operating elements of tribological pair.
一种氧化铝增韧氧化锆（ATZ）材料是通过将两种不同的氧化锆粉末共同烧结的方法制成的，在 20 至 400 ℃ 的温度范围内使用盘上球法对其进行了测试。四角氧化锆球被用作对应物。设计了三种不同类型的微观结构，一种是氧化锆基体中分离的氧化铝夹杂物，另一种是氧化铝夹杂物，其含量接近渗透点，还有一种是两个连续相的组合，渗透到复合材料的整个体积中。研究发现，在温度升高时，所有材料的磨损率都明显下降。氧化铝含量低的复合材料在 300 °C 时磨损率最小，而氧化铝含量高的复合材料在 400 °C 时耐磨性最强。有证据表明，这种最低磨损率与摩擦副中共同工作元素之间形成的层的假塑性行为有关。
{"title":"The Influence of the Phase Arrangement of ATZ Composites on Their Wear Rate Under Ball-on-Disc Tests","authors":"M. Grabowy, Agnieszka Wojteczko, Piotr Osada, G. Wiązania, Z. Pędzich","doi":"10.24874/ti.1547.08.23.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1547.08.23.09","url":null,"abstract":"An alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) material, fabricated using a procedure consisting of the common sintering of two different zirconia powders, was tested using the ball-on-disc method in a temperature range between 20 and 400 °C. Tetragonal zirconia balls were used as a counterpart. Three different types of microstructure were designed, one consisting in separated alumina inclusions in zirconia matrix, the second one containing alumina inclusion in the amount close to the percolation point and another one which was a combination of two continuous phases, penetrating the whole volume of the composite. It was detected that at elevated temperatures all materials showed distinct decrease of measured wear rate. Composite with a low alumina content showed minimal wear rate at 300 °C and composites with higher amount of alumina were the most wear resistant at 400 °C. There are some evidences that this minimal wear rate is connected with a pseudoplastic behavior of a layer formed between co operating elements of tribological pair.","PeriodicalId":505930,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":"99 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1469.04.23.06
Vilas K. Matsagar, Uddhav M. Shirsat, Prashant B. Kushare
Developed High speed-rotating machinery is used in agriculture for various processes. This machinery runs using the tractor PTO operated at variable speed. Operating systems of machinery were depends on the skill of the driver. Due to jerks during operation and lack of maintenance such machinery gets fails. To increase the life of rotating components, Ni-Cr based self-lubricating composite bearings were developed and used for the actual application. Self-lubricating composite was tested under the different velocities of 3.14, 3.77, 4.71, and 6.28m/s up to a maximum of 8 Hours. The average wear rate of 7.2%MoS2 content composite is less than the other compositions of Ni-Cr-wt% of MoS2 self-lubricating composite. The result of the actual trial shows that the average wear rate of Ni-Cr- 7.2 wt%MoS2 at velocities 3.14m/s,3.77m/s,4.71m/s, and 6.28m/s is 5.74*10-9mm3/Nm, 6.09*10-9mm3/Nm, 6.30*10-9mm3/Nm, and 6.44*10-9mm3/Nm respectively.
{"title":"Ni-Cr Based Self Lubricating Composite Performance for High Speed Engineering Application","authors":"Vilas K. Matsagar, Uddhav M. Shirsat, Prashant B. Kushare","doi":"10.24874/ti.1469.04.23.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1469.04.23.06","url":null,"abstract":"Developed High speed-rotating machinery is used in agriculture for various processes. This machinery runs using the tractor PTO operated at variable speed. Operating systems of machinery were depends on the skill of the driver. Due to jerks during operation and lack of maintenance such machinery gets fails. To increase the life of rotating components, Ni-Cr based self-lubricating composite bearings were developed and used for the actual application. Self-lubricating composite was tested under the different velocities of 3.14, 3.77, 4.71, and 6.28m/s up to a maximum of 8 Hours. The average wear rate of 7.2%MoS2 content composite is less than the other compositions of Ni-Cr-wt% of MoS2 self-lubricating composite. The result of the actual trial shows that the average wear rate of Ni-Cr- 7.2 wt%MoS2 at velocities 3.14m/s,3.77m/s,4.71m/s, and 6.28m/s is 5.74*10-9mm3/Nm, 6.09*10-9mm3/Nm, 6.30*10-9mm3/Nm, and 6.44*10-9mm3/Nm respectively.","PeriodicalId":505930,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1546.08.23.10
Nikolay Stoimenov, Mara Kandeva, Mihail Zagorski, Peter Panev
The work examines the characteristics of the static and kinetic friction of five types of polymer materials and composites obtained by 3D printing, which are united into 2 groups: group A: PLA, Tough PLA (Technical Polylactic acid), and SteelFill (PLA with stainless steel powder approx. w80%15) and group B: PETG (Polyethylene terephthalate): PETG and CarbonFilTM (PETG with carbon fibers). Results were obtained and analyzed for the variation of the static and kinetic friction force, the static and kinetic coefficient of friction (COF), and the difference between the static and kinetic COF (a jump in COF, known as Stick-slip) from the magnitude of the normal load in two cases of contact with a steel counter-body - without lubricant and with SAE15W40 oil.
{"title":"Static and Kinetic Friction of 3D Printed Polymers and Composites","authors":"Nikolay Stoimenov, Mara Kandeva, Mihail Zagorski, Peter Panev","doi":"10.24874/ti.1546.08.23.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1546.08.23.10","url":null,"abstract":"The work examines the characteristics of the static and kinetic friction of five types of polymer materials and composites obtained by 3D printing, which are united into 2 groups: group A: PLA, Tough PLA (Technical Polylactic acid), and SteelFill (PLA with stainless steel powder approx. w80%15) and group B: PETG (Polyethylene terephthalate): PETG and CarbonFilTM (PETG with carbon fibers). Results were obtained and analyzed for the variation of the static and kinetic friction force, the static and kinetic coefficient of friction (COF), and the difference between the static and kinetic COF (a jump in COF, known as Stick-slip) from the magnitude of the normal load in two cases of contact with a steel counter-body - without lubricant and with SAE15W40 oil.","PeriodicalId":505930,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":"42 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1483.05.23.08
Chaman Lal, Sachin Tejyan, Vedant Singh
In this work, AA6061 aluminum alloy composites reinforced with industrial wastes, i.e., eggshell particles are fabricated. The stir casting technique was used to fabricate the Al6061 metal matrix composites. The AA6061 matrix contains 3, 5, and 7 wt.% eggshell particles as reinforcement. Mechanical characterization i.e., hardness, toughness, and tensile strength was examined of the eggshell particle-reinforced composites. According to the experimental findings, adding eggshell particles significantly increased the material's hardness, tensile strength, and toughness. Moreover, the sliding wear resistance improved by adding eggshell particles as reinforcement. ANNOVA results predict that sliding velocity and load are the dominant factors for the sliding wear of composites.
{"title":"Fabrication and Sliding Wear Characterization of Eggshell Particulate Reinforced AA6061 Alloy Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"Chaman Lal, Sachin Tejyan, Vedant Singh","doi":"10.24874/ti.1483.05.23.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1483.05.23.08","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, AA6061 aluminum alloy composites reinforced with industrial wastes, i.e., eggshell particles are fabricated. The stir casting technique was used to fabricate the Al6061 metal matrix composites. The AA6061 matrix contains 3, 5, and 7 wt.% eggshell particles as reinforcement. Mechanical characterization i.e., hardness, toughness, and tensile strength was examined of the eggshell particle-reinforced composites. According to the experimental findings, adding eggshell particles significantly increased the material's hardness, tensile strength, and toughness. Moreover, the sliding wear resistance improved by adding eggshell particles as reinforcement. ANNOVA results predict that sliding velocity and load are the dominant factors for the sliding wear of composites.","PeriodicalId":505930,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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