The article discusses examples of a single person performing a comprehensive forensic examination of metals and explosives. Comprehensive examinations are appointed in cases where the expert task cannot be solved on the basis of one branch of knowledge. In order to meet the procedural requirement of completeness, comprehensiveness and objectivity of proof, it is necessary to integrate various branches of specialised knowledge. According to one point of view, a comprehensive examination may be conducted by one expert who has knowledge of various fields of science, technology, etc., i.e., who has the right to conduct research in several forensic specialties. In this case, the procedural feature of a comprehensive examination is replaced by the cognitive features of a comprehensive expert study. In practice, the solution of any expert task requires the use of a set of methods aimed at establishing various properties of the objects provided for examination In the course of a comprehensive examination to determine the design of an explosive device, the conclusion of a comprehensive explosive and chemical examination used the special knowledge of a chemist expert who determined the elemental composition of the metal and a metallurgist who studied the structure and phase composition of the metal. The type of explosive was determined by microscopic, chemical, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and infrared spectroscopy (IRS). Metal objects were examined by X-ray (diffractometric) and microstructural (grinding method) analysis. To determine the physical characteristics and chemical composition of the metal powder, microscopic, chemical, emission spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction methods were used.
文章讨论了由一个人对金属和爆炸物进行全面法证检验的实例。在专家任务无法根据一个知识分支解决的情况下，会指定进行综合检查。为了满足证据的完整性、全面性和客观性的程序要求，有必要整合各分支专业知识。有一种观点认为，综合审查可由一名具备科学、技术等各领域知识的专家进行，即他有权对多个法医专业进行研究。在这种情况下，全面审查的程序特点被专家综合研究的认知特点所取代。在确定爆炸装置设计的综合检查过程中，爆炸和化学综合检查的结论使用了化 学专家的专业知识，他确定了金属的元素组成，冶金专家研究了金属的结构和相组成。通过显微镜、化学、薄层色谱法（TLC）和红外光谱法（IRS）确定爆炸物的类型。通过 X 射线（衍射）和微结构（研磨法）分析对金属物体进行了检查。为了确定金属粉末的物理特性和化学成分，使用了显微镜、化学、发射光谱分析和 X 射线衍射方法。
{"title":"Examples of a single person performing a comprehensive forensic examination","authors":"Markiyan Korchuk, V. Baranyak","doi":"10.23939/law2023.39.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.39.192","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses examples of a single person performing a comprehensive forensic examination of metals and explosives. Comprehensive examinations are appointed in cases where the expert task cannot be solved on the basis of one branch of knowledge. In order to meet the procedural requirement of completeness, comprehensiveness and objectivity of proof, it is necessary to integrate various branches of specialised knowledge. According to one point of view, a comprehensive examination may be conducted by one expert who has knowledge of various fields of science, technology, etc., i.e., who has the right to conduct research in several forensic specialties. In this case, the procedural feature of a comprehensive examination is replaced by the cognitive features of a comprehensive expert study. In practice, the solution of any expert task requires the use of a set of methods aimed at establishing various properties of the objects provided for examination In the course of a comprehensive examination to determine the design of an explosive device, the conclusion of a comprehensive explosive and chemical examination used the special knowledge of a chemist expert who determined the elemental composition of the metal and a metallurgist who studied the structure and phase composition of the metal. The type of explosive was determined by microscopic, chemical, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and infrared spectroscopy (IRS). Metal objects were examined by X-ray (diffractometric) and microstructural (grinding method) analysis. To determine the physical characteristics and chemical composition of the metal powder, microscopic, chemical, emission spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction methods were used.","PeriodicalId":505933,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the problem of identifying the main principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the regulatory and legal principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. It was established that they determine the competence of judicial bodies, fix the procedure for the implementation of administrative justice in such cases, determine the procedural rights of the participants in the trial, etc. Normative and legal principles are a reflection of the institutional principles of the functioning of the judicial power, and are evidence of the normatively defined special role of judicial bodies in Ukrainian society as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health. The organizational and legal principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine have been analyzed. The principles (principles) of administrative proceedings fixed in Part 3 of Article 2 of the Code of Administrative Procedure. It has been established that the judicial principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies (organizational - in the narrow sense) are evidence of the stability of the judicial system, the organizational ability to guarantee the protection of citizens' rights in the field of the environment. It was established that the achievement of the principle of the effectiveness of the functioning of judicial authorities in the defined sphere is essential for all administrative and legal support of the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. It is recognized that new challenges and threats existing in Ukraine must be taken into account on the way to increase efficiency, and the system of administrative and legal support itself must be transformed under the influence of modern trends in the field of justice. The processes of improving the efficiency of the communication system of bodies and institutions of judicial power, digitalization of judicial activity, ensuring public access, information availability and openness of judicial bodies are characterized.
{"title":"Modern principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine","authors":"Uliana Kostiuk","doi":"10.23939/law2023.39.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.39.088","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of identifying the main principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the regulatory and legal principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. It was established that they determine the competence of judicial bodies, fix the procedure for the implementation of administrative justice in such cases, determine the procedural rights of the participants in the trial, etc. Normative and legal principles are a reflection of the institutional principles of the functioning of the judicial power, and are evidence of the normatively defined special role of judicial bodies in Ukrainian society as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health. The organizational and legal principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine have been analyzed. The principles (principles) of administrative proceedings fixed in Part 3 of Article 2 of the Code of Administrative Procedure. It has been established that the judicial principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies (organizational - in the narrow sense) are evidence of the stability of the judicial system, the organizational ability to guarantee the protection of citizens' rights in the field of the environment. It was established that the achievement of the principle of the effectiveness of the functioning of judicial authorities in the defined sphere is essential for all administrative and legal support of the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. It is recognized that new challenges and threats existing in Ukraine must be taken into account on the way to increase efficiency, and the system of administrative and legal support itself must be transformed under the influence of modern trends in the field of justice. The processes of improving the efficiency of the communication system of bodies and institutions of judicial power, digitalization of judicial activity, ensuring public access, information availability and openness of judicial bodies are characterized.","PeriodicalId":505933,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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