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Mass accumulation rates decreased in the Skagerrak basin over the last 100 years
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105411
Timo Spiegel , Andrew W. Dale , Nina Lenz , Mark Schmidt , Matthias Moros , Sebastian Lindhorst , Hendrik Wolschke , Daniel Müller , Martin Butzin , Michael Fuhr , Habeeb Thanveer Kalapurakkal , Sabine Kasten , Klaus Wallmann
Since the 19th century, the North Sea sediment system has been subject to a dynamic hydrographic regime and intense human alteration. The Skagerrak serves as the largest depocenter for suspended sediment originating from the North Sea. Thus, deposits in the Skagerrak provide a historical record of potential shifts in the sediment cycle of the North Sea. Despite the availability of mass accumulation rate (MAR) data in the Skagerrak, previous studies focused on steady-state reconstructions and little is known about how these rates may have changed over time. To address this knowledge gap, we present age-depth models based on the natural radionuclide 210Pb and the anthropogenic time markers 137Cs, fraction modern 14C (F14C) and mercury (Hg) to determine the MAR before and after the year 1963 at six stations in the deep Skagerrak basin between 434 and 677 m water depth. We applied 1963 as the boundary since this year is constrained by 137Cs and F14C peaks in the sediment cores due to atomic weapons testing and changes in sedimentary Hg contents. Our primary result reveals that the MAR in the deep Skagerrak basin decreased from 0.17 to 0.14 g cm−2 yr−1 averaged across the stations. We further simulate the effect of bioturbation on the solid phase profiles by applying a reaction transport model to the data, revealing that the decline in MAR is more pronounced when bioturbation is considered (from 0.17 to 0.09 g cm−2 yr−1). Decreasing MARs in the Skagerrak basin indicate that the sediment system of the North Sea substantially changed over time. Possible reasons include a shift in the North Sea circulation pattern, enhanced sediment trapping in the Wadden Sea and reduced sediment inputs due to river damming, deepening of harbor channels and coastal protection. However, we stress that our data do not allow for a quantitative analysis of the major driving factors behind the temporal variability of sediment cycling. Hence, we recommend combining our results with information on the provenance of the Skagerrak deposits and integrating the Skagerrak data into larger-scale physical models that consider non-steady state particle transport in the North Sea.
{"title":"Mass accumulation rates decreased in the Skagerrak basin over the last 100 years","authors":"Timo Spiegel ,&nbsp;Andrew W. Dale ,&nbsp;Nina Lenz ,&nbsp;Mark Schmidt ,&nbsp;Matthias Moros ,&nbsp;Sebastian Lindhorst ,&nbsp;Hendrik Wolschke ,&nbsp;Daniel Müller ,&nbsp;Martin Butzin ,&nbsp;Michael Fuhr ,&nbsp;Habeeb Thanveer Kalapurakkal ,&nbsp;Sabine Kasten ,&nbsp;Klaus Wallmann","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the 19th century, the North Sea sediment system has been subject to a dynamic hydrographic regime and intense human alteration. The Skagerrak serves as the largest depocenter for suspended sediment originating from the North Sea. Thus, deposits in the Skagerrak provide a historical record of potential shifts in the sediment cycle of the North Sea. Despite the availability of mass accumulation rate (MAR) data in the Skagerrak, previous studies focused on steady-state reconstructions and little is known about how these rates may have changed over time. To address this knowledge gap, we present age-depth models based on the natural radionuclide <sup>210</sup>Pb and the anthropogenic time markers <sup>137</sup>Cs, fraction modern <sup>14</sup>C (F<sup>14</sup>C) and mercury (Hg) to determine the MAR before and after the year 1963 at six stations in the deep Skagerrak basin between 434 and 677 m water depth. We applied 1963 as the boundary since this year is constrained by <sup>137</sup>Cs and F<sup>14</sup>C peaks in the sediment cores due to atomic weapons testing and changes in sedimentary Hg contents. Our primary result reveals that the MAR in the deep Skagerrak basin decreased from 0.17 to 0.14 g cm<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> averaged across the stations. We further simulate the effect of bioturbation on the solid phase profiles by applying a reaction transport model to the data, revealing that the decline in MAR is more pronounced when bioturbation is considered (from 0.17 to 0.09 g cm<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). Decreasing MARs in the Skagerrak basin indicate that the sediment system of the North Sea substantially changed over time. Possible reasons include a shift in the North Sea circulation pattern, enhanced sediment trapping in the Wadden Sea and reduced sediment inputs due to river damming, deepening of harbor channels and coastal protection. However, we stress that our data do not allow for a quantitative analysis of the major driving factors behind the temporal variability of sediment cycling. Hence, we recommend combining our results with information on the provenance of the Skagerrak deposits and integrating the Skagerrak data into larger-scale physical models that consider non-steady state particle transport in the North Sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 105411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fatty acid profiling in the invasive brown seaweed Rugulopterix okamurae: A usefulness taxonomical tool
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105412
José L. Guil-Guerrero , M. Carmona-Fernández , Tarik Chileh-Chelh , El-Hassan Belarbi , M. Urrestarazu , T.P. Loeiro Cunha-Chiamolera , M. Ezzaitouni , Miguel Á. Rincón-Cervera , Ignacio Rodríguez-García
Rugulopterix okamurae is a macroalga native to the northwestern Pacific and recently found in Southeast (SE) Spain. This macroalga poses a serious threat because of its strong capacity to alter the community structure of marine ecosystems. This species is difficult to distinguish from native elements such as Dictyota spp.; thus, a simple tool for identifying these algae will be welcome. In this work, the fatty acid (FA) composition of R. okamurae and Dictyota spp. samples from several locations were determined and discussed from a chemotaxonomic point of view. In R. okamurae highlights palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic (ARA) acids, while in D. dichotoma eicosapentaenoic acid and ARA reached higher values than in R. okamurae. Further, Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering analysis performed for selected FA ratios segregated R. okamurae from any Dictyota species, especially due to ARA + EPA proportions, thus FA profiling constitutes a valid chemotaxonomic tool for rapid identification of R. okamurae.
{"title":"Fatty acid profiling in the invasive brown seaweed Rugulopterix okamurae: A usefulness taxonomical tool","authors":"José L. Guil-Guerrero ,&nbsp;M. Carmona-Fernández ,&nbsp;Tarik Chileh-Chelh ,&nbsp;El-Hassan Belarbi ,&nbsp;M. Urrestarazu ,&nbsp;T.P. Loeiro Cunha-Chiamolera ,&nbsp;M. Ezzaitouni ,&nbsp;Miguel Á. Rincón-Cervera ,&nbsp;Ignacio Rodríguez-García","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rugulopterix okamurae</em> is a macroalga native to the northwestern Pacific and recently found in Southeast (SE) Spain. This macroalga poses a serious threat because of its strong capacity to alter the community structure of marine ecosystems. This species is difficult to distinguish from native elements such as <em>Dictyota</em> spp.; thus, a simple tool for identifying these algae will be welcome. In this work, the fatty acid (FA) composition of <em>R. okamurae</em> and <em>Dictyota</em> spp. samples from several locations were determined and discussed from a chemotaxonomic point of view. In <em>R. okamurae</em> highlights palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic (ARA) acids, while in <em>D. dichotoma</em> eicosapentaenoic acid and ARA reached higher values than in <em>R. okamurae</em>. Further, Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering analysis performed for selected FA ratios segregated <em>R. okamurae</em> from any <em>Dictyota</em> species, especially due to ARA + EPA proportions, thus FA profiling constitutes a valid chemotaxonomic tool for rapid identification of <em>R. okamurae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 105412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biochemical implications of the Bottom Boundary Layer Detachment at the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf-break front
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105408
Serena Negroni , Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr. , Glen G. Gawarkiewicz , Paolo Oddo , Nadia Pinardi
The Mid-Atlantic Bight frontal system along the U.S. northeast shelf is rich in biodiversity. In this region, primary production is influenced by a variety of upwelling processes, including internal instabilities of the front, off-shore forcing from Gulf Stream rings, and wind-driven flows. It is noteworthy that the concentrations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the shelf-break region are not consistently enhanced throughout the year, although local increases of phytoplankton biomass have been observed in some circumstances. In this work, we investigate the frontal dynamics of one of the possible mechanisms affecting primary production: upwelling via detachment of the Bottom Boundary Layer (BBL). The annual variability of the surface Chl-a in the shelf-break region reveals a 5- to 20-day period, which is potentially consistent with nutrient upwelling associated with the BBL detachment. Details of the process are examined using in situ data by quantifying along-isopycnal changes in properties. As frontal isopycnals rise in the water column, nitrate tends to decrease and Chl-a tends to increase, suggesting utilization of upwelled nutrients by phytoplankton. However, significant fluctuations can be attributed to sample size, intrinsic data variability, and the assumption of homogeneity in the along-shelf dimension.
{"title":"Biochemical implications of the Bottom Boundary Layer Detachment at the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf-break front","authors":"Serena Negroni ,&nbsp;Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr. ,&nbsp;Glen G. Gawarkiewicz ,&nbsp;Paolo Oddo ,&nbsp;Nadia Pinardi","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mid-Atlantic Bight frontal system along the U.S. northeast shelf is rich in biodiversity. In this region, primary production is influenced by a variety of upwelling processes, including internal instabilities of the front, off-shore forcing from Gulf Stream rings, and wind-driven flows. It is noteworthy that the concentrations of chlorophyll-<em>a</em> (Chl-<em>a</em>) in the shelf-break region are not consistently enhanced throughout the year, although local increases of phytoplankton biomass have been observed in some circumstances. In this work, we investigate the frontal dynamics of one of the possible mechanisms affecting primary production: upwelling via detachment of the Bottom Boundary Layer (BBL). The annual variability of the surface Chl-<em>a</em> in the shelf-break region reveals a 5- to 20-day period, which is potentially consistent with nutrient upwelling associated with the BBL detachment. Details of the process are examined using <em>in situ</em> data by quantifying along-isopycnal changes in properties. As frontal isopycnals rise in the water column, nitrate tends to decrease and Chl-<em>a</em> tends to increase, suggesting utilization of upwelled nutrients by phytoplankton. However, significant fluctuations can be attributed to sample size, intrinsic data variability, and the assumption of homogeneity in the along-shelf dimension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 105408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental warming effects on microbial community growth and mortality during the cold season in coastal waters of Taiwan and Japan
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105407
Madeline Olivia , Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen , Pei-Chi Ho , Vladimir Mukhanov , An-Yi Tsai
We conducted three in situ microcosm experiments in Taiwan and Japan during the winter of 2023 to investigate microbial plankton community responses to warming in Pacific coastal waters. Monitoring and analyzing microbial communities, including viruses, bacteria, and picophytoplankton (Synechococcus spp., Prochlorococcus spp., and picoeukaryotes), were performed by flow cytometry over seven consecutive days. Control microcosms were maintained at ambient coastal water temperature, while experimental microcosms were warmed by + 2–3°C. The modified dilution method estimated picoplankton (heterotrophic bacteria and picophytoplankton) growth, grazing, and viral lysis rates on days two and five. Our time-series incubation experiments revealed that warming did not increase bacterial abundance, but viral abundance significantly increased with temperature, indicating a strong lytic impact on bacteria. Moreover, the relative increase in viral abundance was related to a rise in Synechococcus spp. abundance under warming conditions across all study sites, relative to ambient conditions. Similar trends were observed in nanoflagellate abundance between the two treatments across all stations. In modified dilution experiments, viral lysis accounted for up to 51% of picoplankton mortality, compared to total mortality, indicating that viral lysis was the primary driver of picoplankton mortality under warmed conditions. These findings highlight the critical role of viruses in cold marine environments and suggest the potential for modeling viral functions to predict the effects of global warming on microbial dynamics.
{"title":"Experimental warming effects on microbial community growth and mortality during the cold season in coastal waters of Taiwan and Japan","authors":"Madeline Olivia ,&nbsp;Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Pei-Chi Ho ,&nbsp;Vladimir Mukhanov ,&nbsp;An-Yi Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted three <em>in situ</em> microcosm experiments in Taiwan and Japan during the winter of 2023 to investigate microbial plankton community responses to warming in Pacific coastal waters. Monitoring and analyzing microbial communities, including viruses, bacteria, and picophytoplankton (<em>Synechococcus</em> spp., <em>Prochlorococcus</em> spp., and picoeukaryotes), were performed by flow cytometry over seven consecutive days. Control microcosms were maintained at ambient coastal water temperature, while experimental microcosms were warmed by + 2–3°C. The modified dilution method estimated picoplankton (heterotrophic bacteria and picophytoplankton) growth, grazing, and viral lysis rates on days two and five. Our time-series incubation experiments revealed that warming did not increase bacterial abundance, but viral abundance significantly increased with temperature, indicating a strong lytic impact on bacteria. Moreover, the relative increase in viral abundance was related to a rise in <em>Synechococcus</em> spp. abundance under warming conditions across all study sites, relative to ambient conditions. Similar trends were observed in nanoflagellate abundance between the two treatments across all stations. In modified dilution experiments, viral lysis accounted for up to 51% of picoplankton mortality, compared to total mortality, indicating that viral lysis was the primary driver of picoplankton mortality under warmed conditions. These findings highlight the critical role of viruses in cold marine environments and suggest the potential for modeling viral functions to predict the effects of global warming on microbial dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 105407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Circulation in Cross Sound, Alaska
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105409
Emily Lemagie , Christopher Paternostro , Phyllis J. Stabeno , Mark Zimmermann
Cross Sound is located in southeast Alaska's Alexander Archipelago and extends ∼50 km eastward from the Gulf of Alaska to Icy Strait. Between May and August 2010, ten moorings were deployed at the entrances to Cross Sound and at key internal locations within the Sound. Instruments on each mooring measured current velocity and temperature; some also measured salinity. The tidal range in this region is large (>5 m), causing high current speeds (peak speed measured at 263 cm s−1), with a strong fortnightly signal. The flow predominantly follows the bathymetry westward from Icy Strait through Cross Sound and into the Gulf of Alaska. Moorings captured an estuarine exchange with outflow near the surface and inflow at depth. Earlier multi-year moorings demonstrated that synoptic variability in water properties is greater in spring and fall than over the summer season. In summer, during spring tides, the water column can mix to the bottom, delivering nutrients into the surface euphotic zone. When spring tides coincided with a strong wind event, bottom temperatures increased by > 1 °C over 3 days.
{"title":"Circulation in Cross Sound, Alaska","authors":"Emily Lemagie ,&nbsp;Christopher Paternostro ,&nbsp;Phyllis J. Stabeno ,&nbsp;Mark Zimmermann","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross Sound is located in southeast Alaska's Alexander Archipelago and extends ∼50 km eastward from the Gulf of Alaska to Icy Strait. Between May and August 2010, ten moorings were deployed at the entrances to Cross Sound and at key internal locations within the Sound. Instruments on each mooring measured current velocity and temperature; some also measured salinity. The tidal range in this region is large (&gt;5 m), causing high current speeds (peak speed measured at 263 cm s<sup>−1</sup>), with a strong fortnightly signal. The flow predominantly follows the bathymetry westward from Icy Strait through Cross Sound and into the Gulf of Alaska. Moorings captured an estuarine exchange with outflow near the surface and inflow at depth. Earlier multi-year moorings demonstrated that synoptic variability in water properties is greater in spring and fall than over the summer season. In summer, during spring tides, the water column can mix to the bottom, delivering nutrients into the surface euphotic zone. When spring tides coincided with a strong wind event, bottom temperatures increased by &gt; 1 °C over 3 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 105409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of consecutive dredging on the fish community of a tropical estuary
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105402
Guillermo Duque , Diego Esteban Gamboa-García , Andrés Molina , Pilar Cogua
Dredging is a human activity that significantly alters aquatic habitats, potentially impacting ecosystem services such as artisanal fishing. This study aimed to evaluate changes in fish density in Buenaventura Bay in response to three dredging events that occurred between 2015 and 2021. Fish monitoring was conducted using artisanal trawl nets before, during, and after each dredging event, with annual sampling in two areas of the bay over the study period. The findings revealed species-specific responses: while species such as the catfish Cathorops multiradiatus and the sole Achirus kluzingeri benefited from dredging, the pygmy pufferfish Sphoeroides trichocephalus was negatively affected. Contrary to common assumptions in the literature, resident estuarine species were not necessarily the most negatively impacted but instead exhibited variable responses to dredging disturbances. The fish assemblage showed a shift towards species more tolerant to these impacts, highlighting a potential loss of ecosystem resilience. These changes could have long-term implications for the productivity of artisanal fisheries and the food security of local fishing communities.
{"title":"Effects of consecutive dredging on the fish community of a tropical estuary","authors":"Guillermo Duque ,&nbsp;Diego Esteban Gamboa-García ,&nbsp;Andrés Molina ,&nbsp;Pilar Cogua","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dredging is a human activity that significantly alters aquatic habitats, potentially impacting ecosystem services such as artisanal fishing. This study aimed to evaluate changes in fish density in Buenaventura Bay in response to three dredging events that occurred between 2015 and 2021. Fish monitoring was conducted using artisanal trawl nets before, during, and after each dredging event, with annual sampling in two areas of the bay over the study period. The findings revealed species-specific responses: while species such as the catfish <em>Cathorops multiradiatus</em> and the sole <em>Achirus kluzingeri</em> benefited from dredging, the pygmy pufferfish <em>Sphoeroides trichocephalus</em> was negatively affected. Contrary to common assumptions in the literature, resident estuarine species were not necessarily the most negatively impacted but instead exhibited variable responses to dredging disturbances. The fish assemblage showed a shift towards species more tolerant to these impacts, highlighting a potential loss of ecosystem resilience. These changes could have long-term implications for the productivity of artisanal fisheries and the food security of local fishing communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 105402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bottom depth carving the pelagic spatial organisation in large marine ecosystem: The case of North West Africa 大型海洋生态系统中上层空间组织的底部深度雕刻:以西北非洲为例
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2024.105372
Anne Mouget , Patrice Brehmer , Mohamed Ahmed Jeyid , Yannick Perrot , Ndague Diogoul , Momodou Sidibeh , Kamel Mamza , Anthony Acou , Abdoulaye Sarré
This study aimed to examine the spatial organization of pelagic communities within the water column along a horizontal gradient extending from the coast to the offshore area, categorized into three zones: inshore, offshore, and transition. Using fisheries acoustics, a total of 29 000 nautical miles of acoustic transects collected during 14 annual standardized surveys were analyzed using two complementary acoustic methods: (i) extraction of sound scattering layers (SSL) and (ii) echointegration (EI) across the entire water column, both horizontally and vertically averaged. The results revealed significant differences between the three bathymetric areas based on SSL and EI descriptors, with micro-nektonic communities in the transition area exhibiting intermediate characteristics between those in the inshore and offshore areas. The relative abundance of micro-nektonic communities decreased from shallow coastal areas to deep offshore areas, with a mean Sv from echointegration of −66.43, −74.39 and −73.65 dB for inshore, transition and offshore, respectively. The inshore area is different from the transition and offshore areas, which is confirmed by diel vertical migration (DVM) analyze through vertical profiles. All areas exhibited classic DVM type I; however, offshore and transition areas also presented unexpected DVMs of type II, i.e., organisms descend deeper during the night, displaying distinct vertical profiles compared to the inshore area. This suggests that the functional and specific composition of pelagic micro-nektonic communities differed between inshore and offshore areas, indicating that organisms adjust their responses to their environment. Over two decades, the three bathymetric areas showed a significant increase in pelagic relative biomass and variation in SSL spatial structure. The number of SSLs significantly increase, from 0.97 to 1.05 inshore, from 1.75 to 2.25 in the transition area and from 2.2 to 2.7 offshore. Nevertheless, micro-nektonic communities reacted differently to interannual changes depending on the bathymetric areas, such as the minimal depth of the shallowest SSL. Fluctuations in SSL descriptors were highlighted over the study period, which may be related to multi-decadal oscillations in the Atlantic Ocean.
本研究旨在研究沿水平梯度从海岸延伸到近海区域的水柱内远洋生物群落的空间组织,并将其分为三个区域:近海、近海和过渡区。利用渔业声学,使用两种互补的声学方法(i)提取声散射层(SSL)和(ii)在整个水柱上的回声积分(EI),包括水平和垂直平均,分析了14年标准化调查期间收集的总共29000海里的声学样带。结果表明,基于SSL和EI描述符的3个水深区域之间存在显著差异,过渡区的微中子群落表现出介于近岸和近海区域之间的中间特征。微网络群落的相对丰度由浅海向近海递减,近海、过渡带和近海回声积分的平均Sv分别为- 66.43、- 74.39和- 73.65 dB。通过垂向剖面的纵向偏移(DVM)分析,证实了近岸地区与过渡带和近海地区的不同。所有区域均表现为典型的DVM I型;然而,近海和过渡区也出现了意想不到的II型dvm,即生物在夜间下沉更深,与近岸地区相比,呈现出截然不同的垂直剖面。这表明,在近岸和近海地区,海洋微管网群落的功能和具体组成存在差异,表明生物对环境的反应是有调整的。近20年来,3个测深区中上层生物相对生物量显著增加,SSL空间结构变化显著。SSLs的数量显著增加,近海从0.97增加到1.05,过渡区从1.75增加到2.25,近海从2.2增加到2.7。然而,微中子群落对年际变化的反应是不同的,这取决于水深区域,如最浅的SSL的最小深度。在研究期间,特别强调了SSL描述符的波动,这可能与大西洋的多年代际振荡有关。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental control of Arctic marine zooplankton near a large archipelago during the summer season 夏季大型群岛附近北极海洋浮游动物的环境控制
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2024.105363
Vladimir G. Dvoretsky, Denis V. Moiseev, Marina P. Venger, Anastasya V. Vashchenko, Veronika V. Vodopianova
In order to assess the impact of environmental conditions on marine zooplankton, we conducted a survey around Novaya Zemlya (NZ), a large archipelago located within the Arctic Ocean, during the summertime of 2022. Observations were made by employing net hauls that spanned the entire water column. Through the use of cluster analysis, we ascertained the existence of two unique assemblages inhabiting the Barents and Kara seas. The highest zooplankton abundance, biomass, and diversity were observed at the intersection of the warm Atlantic Water and the comparatively colder Barents Sea Water along the western coast of NZ. Copepods were the predominant species within the zooplankton population in both regions, registering similar numbers, while other groups were noticeably more numerous in the Barents Sea. The distribution of different plankton groups predominantly correlated with the current systems encircling NZ. The inshore waters proximate to the eastern segment of NZ were influenced by the presence of cold currents, while the western part was subjected to the effects of warmer currents. A strong association was observed between zooplankton and microbial variables, such as the abundance and biomass of prokaryoto- and virioplankton. Redundancy analysis indicated close interactions within the plankton ecosystems of the region. These findings may be valuable for assessing the potential impacts of recent climatic perturbations in the Arctic and establishing a baseline for studying Arctic plankton communities in coastal ecosystems.
为了评估环境条件对海洋浮游动物的影响,我们于 2022 年夏季在位于北冰洋的大群岛新亚泽姆利亚(NZ)周围进行了一次调查。观测采用的是横跨整个水体的拖网。通过聚类分析,我们确定巴伦支海和喀拉海存在两个独特的浮游动物群。在新西兰西海岸沿岸温暖的大西洋海水和相对较冷的巴伦支海海水交汇处,浮游动物的丰度、生物量和多样性最高。桡足类是这两个区域浮游动物群中的主要物种,数量相近,而巴伦支海的其他种类浮游动物明显更多。不同浮游生物群的分布主要与环绕新西兰的洋流系统有关。靠近新西兰东部的近岸水域受到寒流的影响,而西部则受到暖流的影响。浮游动物与微生物变量(如原核生物和病毒浮游生物的丰度和生物量)之间存在密切联系。冗余分析表明,该地区浮游生物生态系统内部存在密切的相互作用。这些发现可能对评估北极地区近期气候扰动的潜在影响以及为研究沿海生态系统中的北极浮游生物群落建立基线很有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Multiscale sea level variability on the western Bay of Bengal: A study using tide gauge and satellite observations 孟加拉湾西部的多尺度海平面变化:利用验潮仪和卫星观测数据进行的研究
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2024.105361
Arkaprava Ray , Sourav Sil , Samiran Mandal
The study examines the tidal variability and intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) of sea level using tide gauge observations collected during the year 2014 at four stations: Gardenreach, Paradeep, Kakinada, and Ennore along the western Bay of Bengal (BoB). In the first part, the tidal analysis of sea level data shows the dominance of M2 tides followed by S2, N2, K1, and O1 at all the stations. The tides are usually semidiurnal in nature over BoB, represented through the form factor, which is maximum over Ennore (0.21) and minimum over Gardenreach (0.10). The tidal amplitudes increase gradually northward along the western BoB due to interaction with the shallow continental shelf. The topography and coastal geometry also impact the shallow-water constituents (M4 and MS4) significantly at all the locations. Another noteworthy finding is the higher amplitude of M2 tide during the post-monsoon seasons because of the higher stratification of the water column. In the second part, the presence of different non-tidal signals from the residual sea level and altimetry gridded data are studied as well. The correlation coefficient between Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) data from altimetry and the Tide Gauge data are as high as 0.94, 0.91, and 0.90 at Paradeep, Kakinada and Ennore, respectively. The spectral analysis ensures the dominance of the signals with periodicity of 20–60 days in the BoB, which is probably caused due to the monsoon ISOs and Madden Julian Oscillations. The 10–20 days oscillations are also observed with significant amplitudes primarily at Gardenreach which attributes to the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillations. The signature of seasonally varying coastally trapped Kelvin Waves is also identified on the western BoB from both the satellite and Tide Gauge data. The strength of the intraseasonal variability significantly increases during negative Indian Ocean Dipole years with respect to the positive years. The study identified the usefulness of the sea level observation to monitor the multiscale variation within the tides to the interannual scales along the Indian coast.
本研究利用 2014 年在四个站点收集的验潮仪观测数据,研究了海平面的潮汐变化和季内振荡 (ISOs):Gardenreach、Paradeep、Kakinada 和 Ennore 四个站点。在第一部分,海平面数据的潮汐分析表明,所有站点的潮汐都以 M2 潮汐为主,其次是 S2、N2、K1 和 O1。波罗的海潮汐通常是半周期性的,通过形式因子可以看出,恩诺尔潮汐最大(0.21),加登里奇潮汐最小(0.10)。由于与浅大陆架的相互作用,潮汐振幅沿 BoB 西部向北逐渐增大。地形和沿岸几何形状对所有地点的浅水成分(M4 和 MS4)也有很大影响。另一个值得注意的发现是,在季风后季节,由于水体分层程度较高,M2 潮汐的振幅较大。第二部分还研究了残余海平面和测高网格数据中存在的不同非潮汐信号。在 Paradeep、Kakinada 和 Ennore,测高法海平面异常(SLA)数据与验潮仪数据的相关系数分别高达 0.94、0.91 和 0.90。频谱分析表明,在 BoB 中,周期为 20-60 天的信号占主导地位,这可能是季风 ISO 和马登-朱利安振荡造成的。此外,还观测到 10-20 天的振荡,振幅很大,主要发生在加登里奇,这是准双周振荡造成的。从卫星和验潮仪数据中,还可以发现博白西部存在季节性变化的海岸滞留开尔文波。在印度洋偶极子负年与正年相比,季节内变化的强度明显增加。研究表明,海平面观测有助于监测印度沿岸潮汐的多尺度变化和年际尺度变化。
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引用次数: 0
Satellite-based evidence of upwelling separation off NW Iberia 伊比利亚西北部近海上升流分离的卫星证据
IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2024.105356
Pedro R. Nunes , Vanda Brotas , Rita Nolasco , Jesus Dubert , Paulo B. Oliveira
A high-resolution image sequence of sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), together with numerical model solutions, is used to study the spatio-temporal variability of the two variables under intermittent upwelling-favourable winds. It is shown that the evolution of the cross-shore SST and Chl-a profiles over the shelf is linked to the intensity, duration and temporal separation between the wind events. The model's realistic representation of the cross-shore SST supports the interpretation that the observed variability is governed, in the inner-shelf, by the offshore separation of upwelling divergence and, over the mid-shelf, by offshore Ekman transport and mesoscale circulation. The observation of an alongshore low SST/low Chl-a band, bounded by the 30 m and 50 m isobaths, for the days of maximum wind stress, matching the model's solution for the outcrop of colder subsurface waters, constitute a satellite-based evidence of upwelling separation from the coast. The results are in close agreement with previous works on upwelling in shallow waters, straight coastline and gentle slope, but were not yet reported in the study area off NW Portugal. This evidence prompts for the need to use high-resolution (<1 km) numerical models/imagery to properly assess the inner-shelf circulation in the region, and the effects on the marine ecosystem, namely the offshore transport of marine organisms or pollutants.
利用高分辨率海表温度(SST)和叶绿素 a(Chl-a)图像序列以及数值模式解,研究了在间歇性上升流顺风条件下这两个变量的时空变化。结果表明,陆架上的跨岸 SST 和 Chl-a 剖面的演变与风事件的强度、持续时间和时间间隔有关。该模式对跨岸海温的逼真再现支持了这样一种解释,即在内侧陆架,观测到的变化受上升流离岸辐散的影响,而在陆架中部,则受离岸埃克曼输送和中尺度环流的影响。在风压最大的日子里,沿岸观测到以 30 米和 50 米等深线为界的低海温/低 Chl-a 带,这与模型对较冷的表层下水域的解法相吻合,构成了上升流从海岸分离的卫星证据。这些结果与之前关于浅水、直线海岸线和缓坡上升流的研究结果非常吻合,但在葡萄牙西北部近海的研究区域尚未见报道。这些证据表明,需要使用高分辨率(1 千米)数值模型/图像来正确评估该区域的内 陆环流以及对海洋生态系统的影响,即海洋生物或污染物的近海迁移。
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引用次数: 0
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Continental Shelf Research
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