Continental Shelf Research最新文献_第9页

Developing a novel hybrid deep learning model for extratropical storm surge forecasting: A case in the Bohai Sea 一种新的混合深度学习模型在温带风暴潮预报中的应用——以渤海为例

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105621

Zhicheng Zhu , Chengqing Ruan , Qinrong Liu , Zhifeng Wang , Jinsheng Qi

Storm surges pose persistent threats to coastal communities, endangering both human lives and infrastructure. While numerical models remain computationally intensive, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have emerged as efficient alternatives for storm surge forecasting through their superior accuracy and computational efficiency. However, most existing site-specific forecasting models rely on single-point wind and pressure measurements, neglecting the role of regional wind fields that limit the precision of extratropical storm surge forecasts. To address this gap, we developed a novel end-to-end multi-station forecasting framework designed to establish mapping relationships between wind-pressure fields and observational stations. We employ a 3D UNet for spatiotemporal feature extraction from atmospheric fields, followed by Multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to project these features onto multiple monitoring sites, with integrated Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for temporal sequence modeling. Validation experiments in the Bohai Sea demonstrate the model's dual capability in multiscale feature abstraction and temporal dynamics capturing, enabling comprehensive storm surge process forecasting. The proposed model achieves significant reductions across multiple error metrics in 48- and 72-h prediction tasks compared to baseline models. This study provides theoretical and practical insights for advancing multi-step storm surge forecasting systems and hybrid models for coastal disaster prevention, particularly for extratropical storm surge.

风暴潮对沿海社区构成持续威胁，危及人类生命和基础设施。虽然数值模型仍然是计算密集型的，但人工智能（AI）方法已经成为风暴潮预报的有效替代方案，因为它们具有卓越的准确性和计算效率。然而，大多数现有的特定站点预报模型依赖于单点风和压力测量，忽略了区域风场的作用，这限制了热带风暴潮预报的精度。为了解决这一差距，我们开发了一个新颖的端到端多站预测框架，旨在建立风压场和观测站之间的映射关系。我们使用3D UNet从大气场中提取时空特征，然后使用多层感知器（mlp）将这些特征投射到多个监测点，并使用集成的长短期记忆（LSTM）网络进行时间序列建模。渤海验证试验表明，该模型具有多尺度特征提取和时间动态捕获的双重能力，可实现风暴潮过程的综合预报。与基线模型相比，该模型在48和72小时预测任务中实现了多个误差指标的显著降低。该研究为推进多步骤风暴潮预报系统和混合模式的沿海灾害预防，特别是温带风暴潮预报提供了理论和实践见解。

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引用次数: 0

Natural desalination of marine-affected subsurface sediments and its impact on pH along the Western Bohai Sea coast 渤海西部沿海受海水影响的地下沉积物自然淡化及其对pH值的影响

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105618

Lizhu Tian , Wei Guo , Rafaela Paulo Teixeira , Mingzheng Wen , Yunzhuang Hu , Fu Wang

In time defined by environmental transformation and anthropogenic pressure, understanding the natural geochemical evolution of coastal zones has never been more urgent. The Western Bohai Sea Coast (WBSC) offers a natural archive of significant land-sea evolution, comprising extensive subsurface deposits formed under marine influence during the progradation of the mid-to-late Holocene Yellow River delta. Over time, natural processes such as meteoric water infiltration and groundwater movement have altered the geochemical characteristics of these sediments. This study uses Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH measurements, combined with environmental indicators such as foraminiferal analysis, to explore the desalination of marine-affected subsurface sediments and its impact on pH along the WBSC. Under long-term percolation of meteoric water and groundwater, a spatially continuous low EC zone, or “desalination corridor”, has developed in marine-affected sediments. It narrows seaward from a broad range of active leaching to a restricted depth around the coastal groundwater table, and eventually to in the upper intertidal zone. Along with desalination, marine-affected sediments commonly develop high pH values, with the underlying mechanisms varying depending on distance from the coastline. In the central areas, the alkalinity increase is likely driven by the leaching of the Ca²⁺ in the sediments, whereas near the coast, the pronounced alkalization around the groundwater table is probably induced by geochemical reactions under high-Na⁺, low-flux groundwater conditions. These findings highlight a critical environmental dynamic between desalination and pH increase, with implications for soil health, agricultural viability, and ecosystem functioning in coastal regions.

在环境变化和人为压力所限定的时间内，了解海岸带的自然地球化学演化从未像现在这样迫切。渤海西岸是全新世中晚期黄河三角洲沉积过程中受海洋影响形成的大量地下沉积物，是一个重要的陆-海演化的天然档案。随着时间的推移，诸如大气水渗透和地下水运动等自然过程改变了这些沉积物的地球化学特征。本研究利用电导率（EC）和pH值测量，结合有孔虫分析等环境指标，探索受海洋影响的地下沉积物的淡化及其对WBSC沿线pH值的影响。在大气降水和地下水的长期渗透作用下，受海洋影响的沉积物中形成了一个空间连续的低EC区，即“海水淡化走廊”。它缩小了向海的范围，从广泛的主动浸出到沿海地下水位周围的有限深度，最终到潮间带的上部。随着海水淡化，受海洋影响的沉积物通常会产生高pH值，其潜在机制因与海岸线的距离而异。在中部地区，碱度增加可能是由沉积物中Ca2+的淋溶驱动的，而在海岸附近，地下水位周围明显的碱化可能是由高na +、低通量地下水条件下的地球化学反应引起的。这些发现突出了海水淡化与pH值增加之间的关键环境动态关系，对沿海地区的土壤健康、农业生存能力和生态系统功能都有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Macrofauna of soft sediments associated with cold seeps from the offshore Sinú basin, Colombian Caribbean 来自哥伦比亚加勒比海Sinú近海盆地的与冷渗漏有关的软沉积物的大型动物群

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105619

Maria Isabel Aguilar Pérez , Paula Andrea Zapata Ramirez , Aaron Micallef

Cold seeps in the offshore Sinú Basin, Colombian Caribbean, sustain macrofaunal communities in soft sediments, driven by chemosynthetic energy from methane and sulfide. This study investigated macroinfaunal assemblages at 19 stations within a seepage field off the Gulf of Morrosquillo, at depths of 47–166 m. Sampling utilized a Box Corer and ROV assessments, with stations categorized by seepage signal intensity (High, Medium, Low, Blank) and sediment type (Mud, Sandy Mud, Muddy Sand, Sand). A total of 1414 individuals from 115 taxa across four phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata) were recorded, with Annelida (33 %) and Crustacea (39 %) dominating. Key families, including Ampeliscidae (9.3 %), Syllidae (5.1 %), and Maldanidae (4.5 %), exhibited patchy distributions influenced by sediment grain size and geological features such as mud volcanoes and faults. Ecological indices revealed high richness (Margalef: 5.8), diversity (Shannon-Weaver: 4.1), and uniformity (Pielou: 0.9), indicating a resilient ecosystem. Cluster and ordination analyses identified two main station groups based on mud content (Group 1: 93–99 %; Group 2: 40–55 %), with significant dissimilarities driven by families like Syllidae and Caridea (ANOSIM R = 0.849, p = 0.1 %). BIO-ENV analysis highlighted mud percentage as the primary environmental driver (Rho = 0.747), with salinity, temperature, and depth as secondary factors. Methane concentration showed a moderate influence (Rho = 0.517). These findings underscore the role of sediment texture and local geomorphology in structuring macrofaunal communities, with implications for understanding cold seep biodiversity in the Caribbean.

在哥伦比亚加勒比海地区Sinú离岸盆地的冷渗漏，在甲烷和硫化物的化学合成能量的驱动下，维持着软沉积物中的大型动物群落。本研究调查了Morrosquillo湾外47-166米深度的渗漏场内19个站点的大型动物群落。采样使用了Box cover和ROV评估，并根据渗漏信号强度（高、中、低、空白）和沉积物类型（泥、砂泥、泥沙、砂）对站点进行了分类。共记录到4门（环节动物、节肢动物、软体动物、棘皮动物）115个类群1414只，其中环节动物占33%，甲壳动物占39%。主要科（包括Ampeliscidae（9.3%）、Syllidae（5.1%）和Maldanidae(4.5%)）受沉积物粒度和泥火山、断层等地质特征的影响，呈斑块状分布。生态指数显示丰富度（Margalef: 5.8）、多样性（Shannon-Weaver: 4.1）和均匀度（Pielou: 0.9）较高，表明生态系统具有弹性。聚类和排序分析根据泥含量确定了两个主要的站点组（组1:93 - 99%；组2:40 - 55%），其中Syllidae和Caridea等科的差异显著（ANOSIM R = 0.849, p = 0.1%）。BIO-ENV分析强调，泥浆含量是主要的环境驱动因素（Rho = 0.747），盐度、温度和深度是次要因素。甲烷浓度的影响中等（Rho = 0.517）。这些发现强调了沉积物质地和当地地貌在构建大型动物群落中的作用，对理解加勒比地区的冷渗生物多样性具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Relative sea level trends along the Argentine coast: A multi-decadal analysis from tide gauge records 阿根廷海岸的相对海平面趋势：潮汐计记录的多年代际分析

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105615

Fernando A. Oreiro , Mónica M.E. Fiore , María F. de Azkue , María F. Canero , Luciano Banegas , Mariana C. Mora

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of relative mean sea level (MSL) variations along the Argentine coast, based on tide gauge data from 12 stations. Hourly water level records—collected by the Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service and other institutions—were quality-checked and processed to generate monthly MSL series. These series were corrected for seasonality by subtracting historical monthly means, and annual averages were used to estimate MSL trends. These trends were calculated over the full period of available data at each station, with values ranging from 0.79 mm yr⁻¹ to 3.84 mm yr⁻¹across time spans between 18 and 119 years. Trend analyses conducted over multiple time periods revealed consistent results among geographically close stations when the same periods were compared. For Buenos Aires and Puerto Quequén—both with over a century of observations—a marked acceleration in MSL rise since the 1960s was observed, with post-1965 trends nearly double those of the earlier period. At these stations, trends were estimated over 20-year windows, advanced in one-year increments throughout the entire series, yielding values ranging from −3 mm yr⁻¹ to +9 mm yr⁻¹. This highlights that such short intervals are insufficient for reliable long-term assessments for this stations. In contrast, variability decreased significantly when 40-year and 60-year periods were used. Overall, the findings confirm a consistent upward trend in sea level rise along the Argentine coast and provide critical baseline information for coastal risk management and climate change adaptation strategies.

本研究基于12个站点的潮汐计数据，对阿根廷海岸的相对平均海平面（MSL）变化进行了全面分析。每小时的水位记录——由阿根廷海军水文测绘局和其他机构收集——经过质量检查和处理，生成每月的MSL系列。这些序列通过减去历史月平均值来校正季节性，并使用年平均值来估计MSL趋势。这些趋势是在每个站点的整个可用数据期内计算的，在18至119年的时间跨度内，其值从0.79 mm yr - 1到3.84 mm yr - 1不等。在多个时期进行的趋势分析表明，在同一时期进行比较时，地理位置接近的站点的结果是一致的。对于布宜诺斯艾利斯和Puerto quequ - - -两者都有超过一个世纪的观测- - -自20世纪60年代以来，观测到MSL的显著加速上升，1965年后的趋势几乎是早期的两倍。在这些站点，估计了20年窗口的趋势，在整个系列中以一年为增量推进，得到的值从−3毫米/年−1到+9毫米/年−1。这突出表明，如此短的时间间隔不足以对这些台站进行可靠的长期评估。相比之下，当使用40年和60年的周期时，变异性显著降低。总体而言，这些发现证实了阿根廷沿海海平面上升的持续上升趋势，并为沿海风险管理和气候变化适应战略提供了关键的基线信息。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence of epibiotic ciliates on crustacean zooplankton in the Southeastern Arabian Sea 阿拉伯海东南部甲壳类浮游动物表面纤毛虫的流行

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105607

Aishwarya Purushothaman , Sanu V. Francis , Lathika Cicily Thomas , K.B. Padmakumar

Ciliate-zooplankton associations in marine ecosystems remain largely understudied, despite their ecological significance within the planktonic community. In this study, copepods and ostracods were identified as the primary hosts for various ciliate epibionts, Lecanophryella satyanandani, Paracineta karunakarani, Acineta karamani, Acineta euchaetae, Ephelota coronata and Ephelota crustaceorum, along the coastal and offshore waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea. Detailed observations on the morphology, distribution, host specificity, sex preference, and attachment sites of the ciliate epibionts enhance existing knowledge. Female zooplankton were more frequently colonised than males, and epibiotic associations were more pronounced in offshore regions, except for ostracod-ciliate interactions, which were more prevalent in coastal waters. Temperature, salinity, and nutrients were found to be the key physicochemical factors influencing the epibiotic associations. The relationship between ciliate colonisation and chlorophyll a concentrations revealed that oligotrophic offshore waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea supported higher incidences of epibiotic associations. The study provides the first comprehensive dataset on the zooplankton-ciliate association across the entire southeastern Arabian Sea, contributing valuable insights into animal interactions in marine systems.

尽管纤毛虫-浮游动物在海洋生态系统中的生态意义重大，但它们之间的联系在很大程度上仍未得到充分的研究。本研究确定了桡足类和介形虫是阿拉伯海东南部沿海和近海多种毛虫附生生物Lecanophryella satyanandani、Paracineta karunakarani、Acineta karamani、Acineta euchaetae、Ephelota coronata和Ephelota甲壳类的主要寄主。对纤毛虫附生体的形态、分布、寄主特异性、性别偏好和附着部位的详细观察增强了现有的知识。雌性浮游动物比雄性浮游动物更频繁地被定植，除了介形虫-纤毛虫的相互作用在沿海水域更为普遍外，表观生物的关联在近海地区更为明显。温度、盐度和营养物质是影响表观生物关联的关键理化因素。纤毛虫定殖与叶绿素a浓度之间的关系表明，阿拉伯海东南部的贫营养近海水域支持较高的表观生物关联发生率。该研究提供了第一个关于整个阿拉伯海东南部浮游动物-毛虫关系的综合数据集，为海洋系统中动物相互作用提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Across-shelf scale-selective separation of a quasi-geostrophic current and internal gravity waves off southeastern Hokkaido, Japan 日本北海道东南部准地转流和内部重力波的跨陆架尺度选择性分离

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105606

Tatsuro Karaki , Yukiko Taniuchi, Hiromi Kasai, Hiroshi Kuroda

Interactions between oceanic mesoscale currents and inertia-gravity waves (IGWs) are thought to facilitate the energy transition toward submesoscale regimes. Such mesoscale–submesoscale transition processes involve unbalanced motions, such as the IGWs, making it difficult to distinguish between them in observational data. Using across-shelf scale-selective filters, we separated the IGWs from a quasi-geostrophic (QG) current, the Coastal Oyashio (CO), based on a CTD-measured hydrographic section with ∼2-km resolution across the Pacific shelf off southeast Hokkaido, Japan, and clarified the mesoscale–submesoscale transition processes in this IGW–QG coupled system. To determine the optimum smoothing scale

{Δ Y}_{o}

, we formulated indices based on non-dimensional numbers such as the Rossby number

R_{o}

and the Richardson number

R_{i}

, calculated from the CTD-derived along-shelf baroclinic velocity. Applying a low-pass filter with

{Δ Y}_{o}

to the in-situ density section, where

R_{o}

and

R_{i}^{- 1}

were of magnitude O(1), resulted in a smoothed section where both

R_{o}

and

R_{i}^{- 1}

were reduced to ∼O(0.1), with

R_{o} \approx R_{i}^{- 1}

. The smoothed isopycnals were sloped over the Rossby radius of deformation

L_{d}

, consistent with the geostrophic adjustment theory. More quantitatively, the diagnosis yielded an optimal smoothing scale of

{Δ Y}_{o}

= 6 km. The IGWs propagating along the subsurface pycnocline, characterized by

L_{d} \approx

1 km (i.e., a wavelength around 6 km,

2 π L_{d}

), were successfully separated from the baroclinic jet structure of the CO, which had

L_{d} \approx

10 km. As a result, our observations revealed a hybrid of symmetric and gravitational instability associated with IGW-breaking near the core of the CO baroclinic jet.

海洋中尺度流和惯性重力波（igw）之间的相互作用被认为促进了向亚中尺度状态的能量转换。这种中尺度-亚中尺度过渡过程涉及不平衡运动，例如igw，因此很难在观测资料中区分它们。利用跨大陆架尺度选择过滤器，基于日本北海道东南部太平洋大陆架的ctd测量的~ 2 km分辨率的水文剖面，我们将igw从准地转流（QG）中分离出来，并阐明了IGW-QG耦合系统中的中尺度-亚中尺度过渡过程。为了确定最佳平滑尺度ΔYo，我们根据沿大陆架斜压速度导出的ctd计算得到的rosby数Ro和Richardson数Ri等无因次数制定了指标。在Ro和Ri−1量级为O(1)的原位密度剖面上应用ΔYo低通滤波器，得到了一个Ro和Ri−1都降至~ O（0.1）的光滑剖面，其中Ro≈Ri−1。平滑的等斜线在Rossby变形半径Ld上倾斜，符合地转平差理论。更定量地说，诊断得出的最佳平滑尺度为ΔYo = 6 km。沿地下斜斜方向传播的igw，其特征为Ld≈1 km（即波长约6 km， 2πLd），成功地从Ld≈10 km的CO斜压射流结构中分离出来。结果，我们的观测揭示了一种对称和引力不稳定的混合，这种不稳定与CO斜压射流核心附近的igw破裂有关。

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引用次数: 0

How tides significantly alter the flushing of two large neighboring inverse estuaries 潮汐是如何显著地改变两个相邻的反向河口的冲刷的

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105605

J. Kämpf

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to study the flushing of two large neighboring inverse estuaries, Spencer Gulf and Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia, with and without tides. A density-driven overturning circulation, peaking in austral late winter and spring, controls the flushing of both gulfs. Tidal effects significantly affect the flushing of both estuaries with seawater from the ambient continental shelf. Tidally enhanced friction slows the mean flow and significantly reduces the flushing of the Upper Spencer Gulf by ∼9 months. Here, the tidal effect indirectly creates a more hypersaline, dynamically sheltered environment that ecologically supports the world's only mass aggregation of the Giant Australian Cuttlefish (Sepia apama). On the other hand, tidal mixing prevents the accumulation of dense water in a seafloor depression in the lower Gulf St. Vincent which increases the flushing of this region by ∼6 months. Findings of this study reveal the significance and opposite roles that tides play in the unique marine environment of South Australian gulfs.

应用三维水动力模型研究了南澳大利亚斯宾塞湾和圣文森特湾两个相邻的大型逆河口在有潮和无潮情况下的冲刷。密度驱动的翻转环流在冬末和春季达到顶峰，控制着两个海湾的冲刷。潮汐效应显著地影响了来自周围大陆架的海水对两个河口的冲刷。潮汐增强的摩擦减缓了平均流量，并显著减少了上斯宾塞湾的冲刷约9个月。在这里，潮汐效应间接地创造了一个高盐的、动态遮蔽的环境，在生态上支持着世界上唯一的巨型澳大利亚乌贼（Sepia apama）的大量聚集。另一方面，潮汐混合阻止了圣文森特湾下游海底洼地密集水的积聚，从而使该地区的冲刷时间增加了约6个月。这项研究的发现揭示了潮汐在南澳大利亚湾独特的海洋环境中发挥的重要作用和相反的作用。

引用次数: 0

Carbon stocks on the intertidal seagrass meadow of the Indonesian Islands: Spatial and anthropogenic activities variability 印度尼西亚群岛潮间带海草草甸的碳储量：空间和人为活动变率

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105604

Fery Kurniawan , Agustin Rustam , Robba Fahrisy Darus , Fauziyah , Almira Nadia Kusuma , Muhammad Noval Alghifari , Luky Adrianto , Yonvitner

Human activities significantly influence carbon sequestration and carbon stock in seagrass ecosystems; however, their impacts on small islands remain understudied. Based on this gap, this study quantified seagrass carbon stocks across Indonesian islands, examining spatial variability and anthropogenic pressures. Carbon stocks were measured using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method. Results showed relatively high values, with biomass ranging from 0.65 to 11.25 tC ha⁻¹ (4.01 ± 2.84 tC ha⁻¹), sediment from 22.46 to 98.53 tC ha⁻¹ (52.77 ± 17.61 tC ha⁻¹), and total carbon from 22.70 to 98.53 tC ha⁻¹ (56.78 ± 20.45 tC ha⁻¹). Significant spatial differences were observed among islands and land-use categories, indicating that average or constant values cannot be reliably applied for national carbon estimates. Anthropogenic activities also had a marked effect, underscoring the need to integrate human impacts into management and conservation strategies. These findings provide essential baseline data for national carbon accounting while highlighting the ecological and climate importance of small-island seagrass ecosystems. Protecting and restoring seagrass meadows should be prioritized as a dual strategy for climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation.

人类活动显著影响海草生态系统的固碳和碳储量；然而，它们对小岛屿的影响仍未得到充分研究。基于这一差距，本研究量化了印度尼西亚岛屿的海草碳储量，考察了空间变异性和人为压力。碳储量的测定采用着火损失法（LOI）。结果表明，群落生物量为0.65 ~ 11.25 tC ha−1(4.01±2.84 tC ha−1)，沉积物为22.46 ~ 98.53 tC ha−1(52.77±17.61 tC ha−1)，总碳为22.70 ~ 98.53 tC ha−1（56.78±20.45 tC ha−1）。岛屿和土地利用类别之间存在显著的空间差异，表明平均值或常数值不能可靠地用于国家碳估算。人为活动也有显著的影响，强调需要将人类的影响纳入管理和保护战略。这些发现为国家碳核算提供了基本的基线数据，同时突出了小岛屿海草生态系统在生态和气候方面的重要性。应将保护和恢复海草草甸作为适应气候变化和保护生物多样性的双重战略。

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引用次数: 0

Warming temperatures and prevalence of marine heatwaves in a temperate fjord 暖化的温度和海洋热浪在温带峡湾的流行

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105603

Claire T. Shellem , Karin R. Bryan , Conrad A. Pilditch , Chris D. Cornelisen , Joanne I. Ellis

Climate change is causing shifts to thermal regimes in coastal marine environments often expressed as alarming marine heat waves; however, such changes are not well understood or observed in fjord environments. Ongoing exposure to intensifying marine heatwaves is becoming increasingly likely and could cause significant and even catastrophic outcomes on the unusual and sensitive ecosystems that characterize fjords. Here we identify spatial and temporal changes in temperature and salinity in the surface waters (0.5–19 m) of a temperate fjord, Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, utilising high resolution data. Data were collected between 2005 and 2023 and recorded at 15-min intervals at three sites, an outer-, mid- and inner-fjord site. IIncreasing temperature anomalies, including two marine heatwave events, were superimposed on seasonal and interannual temperature and salinity patterns. We detect both increasing temperatures through time, from the surface to 19 m and a notable freshening of the near surface low salinity layer. Annual mean temperatures increased at a rate of 0.39–0.67 °C per decade, with the deeper waters (11–19 m) warming faster than shallow waters (<2 m). This is one of the first studies to document the temporal oceanic progression of a heatwave into a fjord, taking several hours for the most intense temperatures to travel from the outermost site to the innermost site, about 30 km. The documented heatwaves in this temperate fjord caused increases of 2–3 °C above mean summer temperatures. Marine heatwaves are emerging as a pervasive threat to marine communities; hence the ecological implications of these findings are considered.

气候变化正在导致沿海海洋环境的热状态发生变化，通常表现为令人担忧的海洋热浪；然而，这种变化在峡湾环境中并没有被很好地理解或观察到。持续暴露在日益加剧的海洋热浪中变得越来越有可能，并可能对峡湾特有的不寻常和敏感的生态系统造成重大甚至灾难性的后果。本文利用高分辨率数据，确定了新西兰可疑峡湾表层水（0.5-19 m）温度和盐度的时空变化。数据于2005年至2023年间收集，每隔15分钟在三个地点记录一次，分别是峡湾外、中、内三个地点。温度异常的增加，包括两次海洋热浪事件，叠加在季节和年际温度和盐度模式上。我们探测到温度随时间的增加，从地表到19米，近地表低盐度层明显变新鲜。年平均气温以每10年0.39-0.67°C的速率上升，较深水域（11-19米）的升温速度快于浅水区（<；2米）。这是第一批记录热浪进入峡湾的海洋时间进程的研究之一，从最外面的地方到最里面的地方，最高的温度需要几个小时，大约30公里。在这个温和的峡湾，有记录的热浪导致夏季平均气温上升2-3°C。海洋热浪正在成为对海洋群落的普遍威胁；因此，这些发现的生态学意义被考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Coriolis force effects on the density driven estuarine circulation: Inception of a coastal current 科里奥利力对密度驱动河口环流的影响：海岸流的开始

IF 2.2 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2025.105601

Tobias Kukulka , Robert J. Chant

<div><div>This study investigates theoretically the impact of the Coriolis force on the gravitationally driven estuarine circulation based on the tidally averaged coupled nonlinear momentum and salinity budget equations. Without Coriolis force, it was previously shown that the governing non-dimensional equations for the estuarine circulation depend on two non-dimensional numbers which control the effects of lateral advection and mixing. With Coriolis force, the estuarine circulation is controlled by one additional parameter, a non-dimensional Coriolis parameter, <span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><msup><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><msub><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msubsup><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>f</mi></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, and <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span> symbolize, respectively, the Coriolis parameter, maximum depth, classic estuarine circulation velocity scale, and depth to width aspect ratio. For sufficiently strong vertical mixing, the scaling with Coriolis force predicts qualitatively the dominant budget terms, straightforwardly extending previous scaling results. For this extended scaling, the lateral velocity scale is obtained assuming a balance between vertical friction and pressure gradient forces. For sufficiently rapid rotation and weak vertical mixing, however, the along-channel velocity approaches a geostrophic thermal wind balance violating the straightforward extended scaling. For rapidly rotating estuaries, the equations are alternatively rescaled assuming a geostrophic balance for the along-channel velocity. This rapid rotation scaling reveals the Ekman number Ek<span><math><mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>f</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> as a key non-dimensional number consistent with earlier work (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is a vertical mixing coefficient). The rapid rotation scaling applies for sufficiently small Ek and predicts a geostrophic balance for the cross-channel direction and, with greater <span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><msup><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, a mixed geostrophic-Ekman balance in the along-channel direction so that the along-channel velocity approaches a coastal current structure. Furthermore, for rapidly rotating estuaries, the dynamics is nonlinear due to nonlinear coupling of momentum with salinity. The

本文基于潮汐平均耦合非线性动量和盐度平衡方程，从理论上探讨了科里奥利力对重力驱动河口环流的影响。在没有科里奥利力的情况下，以前的研究表明，河口环流的控制无量纲方程依赖于控制侧向平流和混合效应的两个无量纲数。对于科里奥利力，河口环流由一个附加参数控制，这是一个无因次科里奥利参数，ϕδ−1=fh0uS−1δ−1，其中f、h0、uS和δ分别表示科里奥利参数、最大深度、经典河口环流速度标度和深度与宽度的纵横比。对于足够强的垂直混合，具有科里奥利力的标度定性地预测了占主导地位的预算项，直接扩展了先前的标度结果。对于这种扩展的标度，横向速度标度是在假设垂直摩擦力和压力梯度力平衡的情况下得到的。然而，对于足够快的旋转和微弱的垂直混合，沿通道速度接近地转热风平衡，违反了直接的扩展标度。对于快速旋转的河口，假设沿通道速度具有地转平衡，则可以重新调整方程。这种快速旋转缩放揭示了Ekman数Ek=KZ/(fh02)是与早期工作一致的关键无量纲数（KZ是垂直混合系数）。快速旋转标度适用于足够小的Ek，并预测了跨通道方向的地转平衡，并且在较大的ϕδ - 1下，沿通道方向的混合地转- ekman平衡，从而使沿通道速度接近海岸流结构。此外，对于快速旋转河口，由于动量与盐度的非线性耦合，动力学是非线性的。这些理论预测与理想河口的数值解相吻合。

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