Continental Shelf Research最新文献

{"title":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection reveals strong connectivity and similar co-occurrence patterns of planktonic and benthic eukaryote communities in Dinghai bay","authors":"Qiushi Chen ,&nbsp;Qianqian Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Xiao ,&nbsp;Yifan Ma ,&nbsp;Zhongzhou Lin ,&nbsp;Zhuoyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Lianming Zheng ,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the relationship between planktonic and benthic eukaryotes in coastal zones is of great significance for us to further understand the influence of environmental conditions on microbial ecosystems and the integrated management of biological resources and ecological landscape in coastal areas. In this study, environmental DNA (eDNA), co-occurrence network analysis and the SourceTracker analysis were used to analyze seawater and sediment samples from Dinghai Bay, Fujian Province. Community structure, diversity, and co-occurrence patterns of eukaryotes, especially microeukaryotes in different habitats were compared. The results showed that: (1) There are differences between planktonic and benthic eukaryote communities to some extent. The diversity of benthic eukaryotes is significantly higher than that of planktonic eukaryotes. Environmental factors such as transparency, TDS (total dissolved solids) and salinity are significantly correlated with planktonic eukaryotes, while benthic eukaryotes are only correlated with conductivity. In addition, the planktonic community shows a strong distance-decay pattern while the benthic community did not. (2) There is strong connectivity between planktonic and benthic eukaryotes. The proportion of shared zero-radius operational taxonomic units (ZOTUs) in planktonic and benthic eukaryotes was 96.70% and 77.65%, respectively, and more than 92% of shared ZOTUs were not significantly different between two habitats. In addition, SourceTracker analysis showed that 59.70% of the benthos came from the planktonic community and 91.22% of the plankton from the benthic community. Plankton such as copepod, diatoms, dinoflagellata and ciliates live in sediments at some life stages,and there is often a planktonic larval stage in the life cycle of benthos. On the other hand, our study area is located in the intertidal zone and subtidal zone with special environmental conditions, which is influenced by tides, winds and river freshwater, and the constant mixing of surface and bottom water is also a possible reason. (3) The co-occurrence network analysis shows that the co-occurrence patterns of eukaryotes in the two habitats are similar to a considerable degree. Positive correlations are dominant in both planktonic and benthic communities, and the ratio of positive and negative correlations has no significant difference between two communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of wave-current interaction on water exchange in the Bohai Sea","authors":"Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xueen Chen ,&nbsp;He Jiang ,&nbsp;Peng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bohai Sea is a typical continental shelf region, and its water exchange capacity has long been the focus of research. Wave-current interaction (WCI), as an important physical process for the continental shelf hydrodynamics, is worthy of further investigation due to its impact on water exchange in the Bohai Sea. In this study, based on the FVCOM-UnSWAN wave-current coupling model, the water exchange characteristics of the Bohai Sea under the influence of WCI were discussed using the conservative material tracer method. The effects of WCI on water exchange and hydrodynamics were further analyzed under both seasonal variations and extreme weather events. As the only channel connecting the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, changes in the water exchange capacity of the Bohai Strait can reflect the change of the Bohai Sea. Focusing on this region, our results show that WCI modulates water exchange rates: enhancing exchange by approximately 1.3 % in winter, while exhibiting complex behavior in summer, initially suppressing and subsequently enhancing water exchange. During storm surge events, WCI plays a crucial role in modifying hydrodynamic conditions, increasing water elevation by 20 %–35 %, with changes in water velocity up to an order of magnitude larger compared to seasonal scales. During the water exchange process, WCI modifies the current velocity structure by introducing a non-conservative force <em>F</em>_<em>w</em>, among which the white-capping dissipation term plays a dominant role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal reliability of satellite-derived temperature and thermal stress in the abrolhos bank, Brazil","authors":"Renato D. Ghisolfi ,&nbsp;Natiely Monteiro ,&nbsp;Guilherme N. Mill ,&nbsp;Ruy K.P. Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Rodrigo L. Moura","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimates of ocean temperatures are needed to assess the consequences and improve predictions of thermal stress over coral reefs, which are declining globally due to mass coral bleaching and mortality episodes caused by maritime heatwaves. Here, we contrasted satellite-derived sea surface temperatures (SSTs) recovered from NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CoralTemp) with in situ temperatures measured between 2012 and 2018 in nine locations within the Southwestern Atlantic's largest coral reefs (Abrolhos Bank, Brazil), at different depths. Our results revealed a strong correlation (over 0.95) between the two datasets for measurements carried out to 10 m depths or within the mixed layer. In the dry period (April to September), when the water column is homogenous and the net heat flux through the air-sea interface is negative, temperature data collected below the mixing layer or at the bottom were consistent with CoralTemp. However, in situ measurements were much lower (up to 4 °C at some sites) during the rainy period (from October to March) due to cold water occurrence in the bottom half of the water column. During the Third Global Bleaching Event (2016–2017) bleaching levels in shallow reefs were more intense than the thermal stress estimated by CoralTemp. Still, they were lower in the deeper reefs that remained with lower in situ temperatures throughout the summer and autumn. While we confirm that CoralTemp data provide a reliable source of sea surface temperatures (SSTs), caution is advised when inferring thermal stress at greater depths, particularly in mesophotic sites deeper than 20 m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-year survey of hatched elasmobranch egg capsules on Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil","authors":"Carlos Alberto da Silva Junior ,&nbsp;Guilherme Burg Mayer ,&nbsp;Áthila Andrade Bertoncini ,&nbsp;Rafael de Lima ,&nbsp;Renato Hajenius Aché de Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over a three-year survey, the present study investigated the diversity of hatched elasmobranch egg capsules along the six beaches of Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil. Egg capsules (1,773) from seven elasmobranch taxa were record, including six skate taxa (<em>Atlantoraja castelnaui</em>, <em>Atlantoraja</em> spp., <em>Psammobatis</em> spp., <em>Rioraja agassizii</em>, <em>Sympterygia acuta</em>, and <em>Sympterygia bonapartii</em>) and, notably, the first report of a shark egg capsules on a Brazilian beach, the frecked catshark <em>Scyliorhinus haeckelii</em>. The three species with the highest number of collected egg capsules (&gt;90) were selected to assess the influence of temperature on their reproductive cycles. There was a predominance of capsules in the <em>warm</em> (spring and summer) season for <em>S. acuta</em> and <em>Psammobatis</em> spp. There was no significant difference in the number of egg capsules between <em>warm</em> and <em>cold</em> (autumn and winter) seasons for <em>R. agassizii,</em> suggesting an active reproductive pattern throughout the year. We also verified the difference in the number of egg capsules among six beaches using data from <em>R. agassizii</em> which was related to areas sheltered (rocky coastline, island) from winds and prevailing ocean currents along the island. These findings were important to increase the knowledge of oviparous elasmobranch species from the Western South Atlantic, underscoring the importance of egg capsule monitoring to understand the biodiversity and reproductive ecology of the local species, which are crucial for effective conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating influencing factors of methane interception in Bohai bay basin's aerobic zone based on experiment coupled with modeling","authors":"Songhua Shang ,&nbsp;Jiehao Li ,&nbsp;Hailong Tian ,&nbsp;Tianfu Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Qinghe Niu ,&nbsp;Yongxiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine sediments serve as reservoirs for methane, a potent greenhouse gas and a promising clean energy source. As methane migrates from deep to shallow layers, it undergoes oxidation-reduction reactions with various electron acceptors, such as sulfate, nitrate, and oxygen. Aerobic Oxidation of Methane (AeOM) plays a crucial role where dissolved oxygen is available, particularly in marginal seas with shallow water depths. For now, research on AeOM is not in-depth, especially quantitative works. In the Bohai Sea's petroleum and natural gas basins, methane leakage from sediments is common, and conditions for methane oxidation are present. The sediments play a significant role in oxidizing methane, presenting a highly worthwhile subject for research. Therefore, utilizing laboratory data on AeOM, we employed the TOUGH + HR simulation platform to reproduce the AeOM process by an experimental conceptual model. The calibration of microbial kinetic parameters was conducted using sampling and testing data to analyze the characteristics of methane oxidation. Moreover, relationships between kinetic parameters and temperature were established, facilitating parameter estimation. The maximum oxidation rate (q_m) shows an exponential relationship with temperature, whereas the microbial decay constant (b) displays a linear relationship. We quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of methane oxidation under different influencing factors, including temperature, pressure, and gas migration velocity. The results revealed that temperature is a key factor in determining methane consumption rates, with higher temperatures leading to significantly faster methane consumption due to its influence on microbial activity. The average oxidation rate was recorded as 0.35 μmol/day at 4 °C. This rate increased to 3.05 μmol/day at 10 °C and further rose to 3.96 μmol/day at 15 °C. Notably, there was a dramatic jump to 15.13 μmol/day when the temperature reached 28 °C. By enhancing methane supply (solubility), pressure can boost methane oxidation consumption. 1 MPa–5 MPa pressure increase raises average methane oxidation rates by 93 %. Methane migration velocity primarily affects the supply efficiency of methane and a 50 μL/min to 150 μL/min velocity increase raises rates by 10.3 %. Compared with the results across various temperatures, pressures, and methane migration velocities, we believe that temperature and pressure have a significant impact on methane oxidation consumption, while methane migration velocity has no significant impact. The temperature and pressure changes should be focused on to evaluate the effect of sediment on methane oxidation interception. This study enhances the understanding of the quantitative assessment of seabed methane leakage and the marine sediment carbon cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of sediment transport processes in shaping offshore sand waves","authors":"Pauline H.P. Overes ,&nbsp;Bas W. Borsje ,&nbsp;Arjen P. Luijendijk ,&nbsp;Johan Reyns ,&nbsp;Suzanne J.M.H. Hulscher","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sand waves, large scale dynamic bedforms, which are found on sandy, shallow seabeds worldwide, present an immediate risk to offshore structures, raising a pressing need for predicting related bed level dynamics on decadal timescales. Numerical models can help us understand and predict sand wave dynamics, but have shown difficulties with preserving sand wave shapes. Using the process-based Delft3D Flexible Mesh model, we have found that the choice of sediment transport formulation has a significant effect on the stability of sand wave shapes. The widely used Van Rijn (1993) sediment transport formulation predicts relatively high bed load transport rates, thereby raising a need for more dominant slope-induced transport. The simulations revealed that the Van Rijn (2007) formulation, which predicts relatively lower transport rates, and thus allows for lower bed slope-induced transports, is better capable of preserving the steep slopes of sand waves, while limiting sand wave growth. By considering various shape characteristics in our model assessment, more insight is gained about the improvements as well as adverse effects of changes in the parameterization of physical processes. These characteristics show that only with the less dominant bed slope-induced transport the crest levels are stable, while trough levels still lower slowly over time. This indicates that local processes are responsible for limiting the growth of sand waves and the importance of slope-induced transport has been overstated in previous works. With the adapted, non-upscaled set-up, the evolution of sand waves over multiyear timescales is represented well in the model compared to bathymetric field data for two contrasting sand wave field sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation and response of surf zone fish assemblages to environmental variables in the Northeast Pacific","authors":"Gammon N. Koval ,&nbsp;Jenifer E. Dugan ,&nbsp;Scott L. Hamilton","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Located at the land-sea interface, the highly dynamic sandy beach and surf zone ecosystem is one of the coastal zones used most intensely by humans (e.g., recreation, fishing, tourism). Surf zones are also important as fish habitat; however, the factors structuring fish assemblages in the surf zone are relatively understudied due to challenges associated with sampling this dynamic environment. To investigate temporal influences on surf zone fish communities, we evaluated seasonal trends in the fish assemblage and associations with environmental conditions using baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) at four beaches on the Northeast Pacific coast (California, USA) from July 2020 to June 2021. Our study region is characterized by strong seasonality in productivity (due to spring upwelling) and the wave climate (in response to winter storms), making it an ideal location for evaluating seasonal change in surf zone fish. We found that surf zone fish assemblages exhibited marked seasonality and site-to-site variability. Two species of surfperch (<em>Amphistichus argenteus</em> and <em>A. koelzi</em>) and leopard sharks (<em>Triakis semifasciata</em>) were more common in the winter and spring, corresponding with surfperch spawning, while flatfishes were more abundant in the summer. Fish species composition was most affected by distance from shore (as a proxy for surf zone width), visibility, water temperature, percent cover of combined macroalgae and surfgrass, and breaker wave height, with significant effects detected for distance from shore and breaker height. Fish species that exhibited higher abundance in the winter, including <em>A. argenteus</em>, <em>A. koelzi</em>, and <em>T. semifasciata</em>, were associated with larger waves and wider surf zones. Our results highlight the influence of seasonal variation in environmental conditions on fish communities in the dynamic, coastal surf zone ecosystem, with potential management implications for several highly abundant species targeted by recreational fisheries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study of the morphodynamic response of reef islands under spectral waves","authors":"Yu Yao ,&nbsp;Yuting Song ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Changshen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most existing studies reports that many low-lying reef atoll islands are vulnerable to the sea level rise and increased storminess in the context of global climate change. The positive adjustment of these reef islands to such extreme oceanographic conditions still needs to be further verified. In this study, the open-source XBeach numerical model using its phase-resolving nonhydrostatic module (XB-NH) combined with its morphodynamic module is adopted to investigate the morphodynamic response of reef islands under spectral waves. The model is firstly validated by two published datasets with and without the presence of sandy island located on the reef flat. The model is then applied to examine the effects of a series of incident wave forcing conditions (significant wave height, peak wave period, reef flat water depth) and island initial morphological features (island height, island top width, island beach slope, island location) on the morphodynamic evolution of reef island. Model applications show that two main morphodynamic responses: the elevated reef island crest and the lagoonward migration of the whole island are identified with larger waves and increased water level. One or two of such morphodynamic self-adjustment can be also found for smaller island with steeper beach slope located more closer to the reef edge. These insights highlight the necessity to consider the island morphological features in the coastal management of low-lying reef atoll nations to better resolve their future stability and persistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of two channels of the Chiloé Inland sea used by aquaculture farming: An observational approach to water exchange","authors":"Zeneida Wong ,&nbsp;Richard Muñoz ,&nbsp;Marcus Sobarzo","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study characterizes the hydrodynamics of the Dalcahue and Yal channels, key aquaculture areas within the Chiloé Inland Sea (CIS). It demonstrates the significant influence of bathymetric constrictions on local circulation patterns, tidal modulation, and biogeochemical variability. Dalcahue exhibits distinct bidirectional residual flows, characterized by intensified central inflows (NW-NE) and reinforced outflows (SE-SW) along the Quinchao coast, driven by channel curvature and bathymetry, with velocities reaching up to 70 cm/s in constrictions. In contrast, Yal shows a weak surface residual layer and persistent northwestward mid-depth flow, indicative of vertical tidal energy variations. Semidiurnal tidal forcing (M2, S2) predominantly drives current variability, explaining 50–75 % of observed fluctuations. A significant presence of the M4 overtide (up to 33 % in C2) highlights non-linear tidal interactions, crucial for understanding tidal asymmetry and net material transport. Weak correlations between sea level and dissolved oxygen suggest that strong tidal currents and mixing in constrictions counteract stratification, ventilating deeper layers. These findings enhance our understanding of physical oceanography in the context of the CIS, providing vital insights for environmental management and aquaculture planning by highlighting the role of constriction-induced hydrodynamics in estuarine systems worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weakening trend of Bohai Sea cold water mass revealed by a ten-year regional ocean simulation with data assimilation","authors":"Hongliang Yu ,&nbsp;Zheen Zhang ,&nbsp;Lan Li ,&nbsp;Chunxin Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhen Gao ,&nbsp;Xueen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csr.2025.105511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-resolution Oceanic Regional Circulation and Tide Model (ORCTM) with a compatible Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter (EAKF) assimilation module is implemented to investigate the general evolution and long-term trend of the Bohai Sea cold water mass (BHSCWM). Through comparison with multiple observational data, it can be proved that the reliability of model results is significantly improved after the data assimilation. The assimilated results from 2011 to 2020 show that the BHSCWM occurs from May to August, and its formation is closely related to the seasonal thermocline at a depth of about 10 m. There is a vertically uniform high-temperature water column in the central bank, which divides the BHSCWM into the south part (SBHSCWM) and the north part (NBHSCWM). It is noteworthy that there is a remarkable warming trend in the BHSCWM core, the warming rate reaches 0.24 °C/yr and 0.15 °C/yr for the SBHSCWM and the NBHSCWM, respectively. Meanwhile, whether in terms of cold water mass affected area or volume, a significant decreasing trend for both the SBHSCWM and the NBHSCWM is revealed by our assimilated results, suggesting that the Bohai Sea may be dramatically impacted in the context of global warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50618,"journal":{"name":"Continental Shelf Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 105511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}