Pub Date : 2022-01-04DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.3
{"title":"Report on the Brayton H. Ransom Memorial Trust Fund","authors":"","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"181 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44752504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.1
Terry R. Haverkost, T. Miller, B. Nickol
ABSTRACT: The degree to which infectiveness to intermediate hosts is retained as eggs of Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala) age was studied by determining the prevalence and mean intensity of cystacanths produced in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) intermediate host. Eggs up to 9 wk old resulted in more prevalent and intense infections than did older eggs. After this initial flush of infectiveness, prevalence and mean intensities did not decline gradually to uninfectiveness, but rather they quickly fell to a relatively stable level that was maintained for another 69 wk before eggs became uninfective. Thus, except initially and at the end of infectivity, there was a period of more than a year when the age of eggs played no role in determining their infectivity. No infection was produced by eggs older than 82 wk.
{"title":"Age-Dependent Variation in Infectivity of Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala) Eggs","authors":"Terry R. Haverkost, T. Miller, B. Nickol","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The degree to which infectiveness to intermediate hosts is retained as eggs of Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala) age was studied by determining the prevalence and mean intensity of cystacanths produced in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) intermediate host. Eggs up to 9 wk old resulted in more prevalent and intense infections than did older eggs. After this initial flush of infectiveness, prevalence and mean intensities did not decline gradually to uninfectiveness, but rather they quickly fell to a relatively stable level that was maintained for another 69 wk before eggs became uninfective. Thus, except initially and at the end of infectivity, there was a period of more than a year when the age of eggs played no role in determining their infectivity. No infection was produced by eggs older than 82 wk.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"164 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42577712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.2
Stephanie Köhnk, Claire Petros, C. Lomas, Enas Mohamed Riyad, Ibrahim Shameel, O. Hawlitschek, M. Stelfox
ABSTRACT: Sea turtles are known to host a wide variety of organisms, including parasitic marine leeches of the family Ozobranchidae. Leeches are sanguivorous (blood feeders) and are typically found on soft skin areas of turtles, such as the cloaca and corners of eyes and mouth. Superinfection with this parasite can lead to severe damage to the host. Additionally, Ozobranchidae have been shown to be a potential candidate as a mechanical vector for the tumor-inducing fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus. Marine Ozobranchidae have been found in all major ocean basins infecting all hard-shelled sea turtle species. Records from the Indian ocean are scarce but indicate a widespread distribution. In this study, we present the first cases of ozobranchid leeches found on sea turtles in the Maldives. The host turtles were entangled in abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing nets (also known as ghost nets), and treated at the Olive Ridley Project's Marine Turtle Rescue Centre in Baa Atoll in the Maldives. All hosts were olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), which are typically not resident to the country, but are often observed entangled in ghost nets. The entangled turtles are thought to be carried over great distances when floating in various ocean currents. Ozobranchid leeches were identified to the species level with morphological and barcoding methods and compared to previously published sequences from around the globe. The presence of parasitic leeches on entangled turtles and potential epidemiological implications for the endemic populations of sea turtle species throughout the Indian Ocean are discussed.
{"title":"Stowaways: Marine Leeches Infecting Olive Ridley Sea Turtles Entangled in Ghost Nets in Maldivian Waters","authors":"Stephanie Köhnk, Claire Petros, C. Lomas, Enas Mohamed Riyad, Ibrahim Shameel, O. Hawlitschek, M. Stelfox","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-88.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Sea turtles are known to host a wide variety of organisms, including parasitic marine leeches of the family Ozobranchidae. Leeches are sanguivorous (blood feeders) and are typically found on soft skin areas of turtles, such as the cloaca and corners of eyes and mouth. Superinfection with this parasite can lead to severe damage to the host. Additionally, Ozobranchidae have been shown to be a potential candidate as a mechanical vector for the tumor-inducing fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus. Marine Ozobranchidae have been found in all major ocean basins infecting all hard-shelled sea turtle species. Records from the Indian ocean are scarce but indicate a widespread distribution. In this study, we present the first cases of ozobranchid leeches found on sea turtles in the Maldives. The host turtles were entangled in abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing nets (also known as ghost nets), and treated at the Olive Ridley Project's Marine Turtle Rescue Centre in Baa Atoll in the Maldives. All hosts were olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), which are typically not resident to the country, but are often observed entangled in ghost nets. The entangled turtles are thought to be carried over great distances when floating in various ocean currents. Ozobranchid leeches were identified to the species level with morphological and barcoding methods and compared to previously published sequences from around the globe. The presence of parasitic leeches on entangled turtles and potential epidemiological implications for the endemic populations of sea turtle species throughout the Indian Ocean are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"169 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47830298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Paredes-Trujillo, V. Vidal-Martínez, D. Hernández, D. González-Solís, R. Rio-Rodriguez
ABSTRACT: We detected Neobenedenia girellae infections in 40 species belonging to 12 families of imported marine ornamental fish from a public aquarium in the Mexican state of Yucatan. A total of 348 fish specimens were examined for monogeneans in January 2018 to December 2020. Monogeneans were corroborated morphologically and molecularly with a partial sequence of 28S (region D1–D3) ribosomal DNA and analyzed in a molecular phylogenetic context in combination with other N. girellae sequences available in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the specimen found consistently belonged to the N. girellae clade. High infection parameters were detected of N. girellae in most hosts. This identification is relevant to aquarists and aquaculturists in the Gulf of Mexico because N. girellae is considered highly pathogenic in confined fish. This work demonstrates that the importation of ornamental fish coupled with deficient sanitary measures (lack of quarantine areas in distribution centers) contributes to spread of parasites and their establishment within Mexico.
{"title":"New Records of Neobenedenia girellae (Hargis, 1955) (Monogenea: Capsalidae) in Marine Ornamental Fish Imported to Yucatan, Mexico","authors":"A. Paredes-Trujillo, V. Vidal-Martínez, D. Hernández, D. González-Solís, R. Rio-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1654/COPA-D-22-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/COPA-D-22-00003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: We detected Neobenedenia girellae infections in 40 species belonging to 12 families of imported marine ornamental fish from a public aquarium in the Mexican state of Yucatan. A total of 348 fish specimens were examined for monogeneans in January 2018 to December 2020. Monogeneans were corroborated morphologically and molecularly with a partial sequence of 28S (region D1–D3) ribosomal DNA and analyzed in a molecular phylogenetic context in combination with other N. girellae sequences available in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the specimen found consistently belonged to the N. girellae clade. High infection parameters were detected of N. girellae in most hosts. This identification is relevant to aquarists and aquaculturists in the Gulf of Mexico because N. girellae is considered highly pathogenic in confined fish. This work demonstrates that the importation of ornamental fish coupled with deficient sanitary measures (lack of quarantine areas in distribution centers) contributes to spread of parasites and their establishment within Mexico.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"89 1","pages":"106 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Fifteen helminth species—the acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis, the cestodes Hymenolepis cf. diminuta and Paroniella sp., and 11 nematode species identified at least to subfamily and 1 to family—were found in the digestive tracts of 10 individuals of Rattus mordax (Muridae) from Papua New Guinea. Of the nematode morphotypes, 6 were identified to genus: a larval stage of the ascaridid Ophidascaris robertsi and adults of the chabertiid Cyclodontostomum purvisi, the physalopterid Physaloptera sp., the spirocercid Mastophorus muris, the strongyloidid Strongyloides venezuelensis, and the trichurid Trichuris sp. However, the remaining specimens were in poor condition and could not be fully identified. This study represents the first survey of the helminths of R. mordax, and all helminths are new host records. Ophidascarius robertsi and S. venezuelensis have not been reported previously from other Rattus spp. from Papua New Guinea. A bootstrap analysis estimated that 73% of possible species in the nematode component community of the helminth assemblage were recovered. The dominant species in the helminth assemblage was the spirocercid M. muris. It was the only species found in more than 1 individual, occurring in 50% of the hosts examined. By contrast, the dominant species in the assemblages of Rattus giluwensis, Rattus niobe, Rattus novaeguineae, Rattus steini, and Rattus verucundus were a heligmosomoid, a heligmonellid, an oxyurid, and a heterakid, or a spirurid, respectively. With the exception of R. giluwensis, heligmonellids were present at a low prevalence and intensities in each of the host species. Differences in habitat, diet, and behavior may account for the differences encountered between the helminth assemblages of R. mordax and R. niobe.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal Helminths of Rattus mordax (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua New Guinea","authors":"L. Smales","doi":"10.1654/COPA-D-21-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/COPA-D-21-00004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Fifteen helminth species—the acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis, the cestodes Hymenolepis cf. diminuta and Paroniella sp., and 11 nematode species identified at least to subfamily and 1 to family—were found in the digestive tracts of 10 individuals of Rattus mordax (Muridae) from Papua New Guinea. Of the nematode morphotypes, 6 were identified to genus: a larval stage of the ascaridid Ophidascaris robertsi and adults of the chabertiid Cyclodontostomum purvisi, the physalopterid Physaloptera sp., the spirocercid Mastophorus muris, the strongyloidid Strongyloides venezuelensis, and the trichurid Trichuris sp. However, the remaining specimens were in poor condition and could not be fully identified. This study represents the first survey of the helminths of R. mordax, and all helminths are new host records. Ophidascarius robertsi and S. venezuelensis have not been reported previously from other Rattus spp. from Papua New Guinea. A bootstrap analysis estimated that 73% of possible species in the nematode component community of the helminth assemblage were recovered. The dominant species in the helminth assemblage was the spirocercid M. muris. It was the only species found in more than 1 individual, occurring in 50% of the hosts examined. By contrast, the dominant species in the assemblages of Rattus giluwensis, Rattus niobe, Rattus novaeguineae, Rattus steini, and Rattus verucundus were a heligmosomoid, a heligmonellid, an oxyurid, and a heterakid, or a spirurid, respectively. With the exception of R. giluwensis, heligmonellids were present at a low prevalence and intensities in each of the host species. Differences in habitat, diet, and behavior may account for the differences encountered between the helminth assemblages of R. mordax and R. niobe.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"158 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rocío Vega, L. Semenas, S. Krivokapich, M. Degese, N. Brugni, V. Flores
ABSTRACT: Seventeen specimens of carnivores of the families Felidae (Puma concolor and Leopardus geoffroyi) and Canidae (Lycalopex culpaeus) were collected in different localities of Nahuel Huapi National Park (Argentina) from August 2005 to May 2018. The specimens were processed by necropsy, and ascaridid parasites were obtained only from L. culpaeus. Morphological analysis indicates all the specimens belong to Toxocara canis, and specific identification was confirmed by PCR procedure. This study represents the first molecular identification of T. canis from Andean foxes in Argentina, and provides information on the spatial distribution of T. canis in wild environments in Patagonia.
{"title":"Advances in Knowledge of Wild Toxocariasis in Patagonia (Argentina): Toxocara canis","authors":"Rocío Vega, L. Semenas, S. Krivokapich, M. Degese, N. Brugni, V. Flores","doi":"10.1654/COPA-D-21-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/COPA-D-21-00003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Seventeen specimens of carnivores of the families Felidae (Puma concolor and Leopardus geoffroyi) and Canidae (Lycalopex culpaeus) were collected in different localities of Nahuel Huapi National Park (Argentina) from August 2005 to May 2018. The specimens were processed by necropsy, and ascaridid parasites were obtained only from L. culpaeus. Morphological analysis indicates all the specimens belong to Toxocara canis, and specific identification was confirmed by PCR procedure. This study represents the first molecular identification of T. canis from Andean foxes in Argentina, and provides information on the spatial distribution of T. canis in wild environments in Patagonia.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"152 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45058427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Twenty-eight specimens of Pantherophis alleghaniensis Holbrook (eastern rat snake) from North Carolina were examined for gastrointestinal helminths. Thirteen species of helminths (3 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 7 nematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan) are reported, representing 8 new host records and 1 new geographic distribution record. Immature physalopterids were the most prevalent helminth (54%), followed by Strongyloides serpentis and Capillaria colubra, both of which had prevalence rates of 29%. Each trematode, cestode, and macracanthorhynchid cystacanth were prevalent in 4% of the snakes.
{"title":"Helminths of the Eastern Rat Snake, Pantherophis alleghaniensis Holbrook (Squamata: Colubridae), from North Carolina, U.S.A.","authors":"J. Flowers, Jeffrey C. Beane","doi":"10.1654/COPA-D-21-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/COPA-D-21-00006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Twenty-eight specimens of Pantherophis alleghaniensis Holbrook (eastern rat snake) from North Carolina were examined for gastrointestinal helminths. Thirteen species of helminths (3 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 7 nematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan) are reported, representing 8 new host records and 1 new geographic distribution record. Immature physalopterids were the most prevalent helminth (54%), followed by Strongyloides serpentis and Capillaria colubra, both of which had prevalence rates of 29%. Each trematode, cestode, and macracanthorhynchid cystacanth were prevalent in 4% of the snakes.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"145 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44812582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-88.1.130
E. Leis, Tran Thi Kim Chi, J. Lumme
ABSTRACT: The wageneri species group of Gyrodactylus contains the following molecularly confirmed salmonid parasites in Asia: Gyrodactylus taimeni Ergens, 1971, Gyrodactylus magnus Konovalov, 1967, Gyrodactylus brachymystacis Ergens, 1978, and Gyrodactylus derjavini Mikhailov, 1975; in Europe it contains the following: Gyrodactylus derjavinoides Malmberg, Collins, Cunningham, and Jalali, 2007, Gyrodactylus truttae Gläser, 1974, Gyrodactylus teuchis Lautraite, Blanc, Thiery, Daniel, and Vigneulle, 1999, Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg, 1956, Gyrodactylus salvelini Kuusela, Ziętara, and Lumme, 2008 (presented herein as a junior synonym of Gyrodactylus salmonis Yin and Sproston, 1948), and Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957, with the lone confirmed North American exception being G. salmonis. The mitochondrial DNA (cox1, 1545 bp) of this group shows a star-like phylogenetic expansion that began 2.05 ± 0.4 million years ago (mya), estimated from the mean distance of the cox1 gene (dMCL = 0.267) using a tentative, potentially high-end, divergence rate of 0.13/Myr. European G. salaris on Thymallus thymallus and Asian G. magnus on Thymallus arcticus have been separated for 1.95 Myr (dMCL = 0.253). The nuclear ITS rDNA region (1,245 bp) of G. salmonis was nearly uniform among North American populations of Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oncorhynchus clarkii, Oncorhynchus nerka, Salvelinus fontinalis, and Salmo salar (and non-native Salmo trutta) as well as on Salvelinus alpinus (under the synonym G. salvelini) from Lake Inari, Finland. Gyrodactylus salmonis is distal in a monophyletic subclade labeled by an apomorphic 56 bp insertion in the ITS1, shared by the European parasites G. lavareti (host: Coregonus lavaretus), Gyrodactylus pomeraniae Kuusela, Ziętara, and Lumme, 2008 (host: Rutilus rutilus), and Gyrodactylus bliccensis Gläser, 1974 (host: Alburnus alburnus). This subphylogeny suggests that a particular host switch from cyprinids to salmonids may have occurred less than 1.8 mya in the Old World [dMCL = 0.234 G. pomeraniae vs (G. salmonis, G. lavareti)] and possibly again among coregonine hosts and Salvelinus 1.2 mya (dMCL = 0.156). Although hypothetical, a transition from coregonines to charr (notably the widely distributed and adaptable Salvelinus alpinus) potentially could have occurred in a proglacial refugium leading to circumpolar distribution of G. salmonis and a secondary transition to other North American hosts. The maximum cox1 genetic distance within G. salmonis on all hosts was dMCL = 0.032, at the same level as in multihosted European G. salaris (dMCL = 0.032), suggesting circa 250,000 yr of population expansion with these parasites since a temporal, coinciding bottleneck.
{"title":"Global Phylogeography of Salmonid Ectoparasites of the Genus Gyrodactylus, with an Emphasis on the Origin of the Circumpolar Gyrodactylus salmonis (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea)","authors":"E. Leis, Tran Thi Kim Chi, J. Lumme","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-88.1.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-88.1.130","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The wageneri species group of Gyrodactylus contains the following molecularly confirmed salmonid parasites in Asia: Gyrodactylus taimeni Ergens, 1971, Gyrodactylus magnus Konovalov, 1967, Gyrodactylus brachymystacis Ergens, 1978, and Gyrodactylus derjavini Mikhailov, 1975; in Europe it contains the following: Gyrodactylus derjavinoides Malmberg, Collins, Cunningham, and Jalali, 2007, Gyrodactylus truttae Gläser, 1974, Gyrodactylus teuchis Lautraite, Blanc, Thiery, Daniel, and Vigneulle, 1999, Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg, 1956, Gyrodactylus salvelini Kuusela, Ziętara, and Lumme, 2008 (presented herein as a junior synonym of Gyrodactylus salmonis Yin and Sproston, 1948), and Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957, with the lone confirmed North American exception being G. salmonis. The mitochondrial DNA (cox1, 1545 bp) of this group shows a star-like phylogenetic expansion that began 2.05 ± 0.4 million years ago (mya), estimated from the mean distance of the cox1 gene (dMCL = 0.267) using a tentative, potentially high-end, divergence rate of 0.13/Myr. European G. salaris on Thymallus thymallus and Asian G. magnus on Thymallus arcticus have been separated for 1.95 Myr (dMCL = 0.253). The nuclear ITS rDNA region (1,245 bp) of G. salmonis was nearly uniform among North American populations of Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oncorhynchus clarkii, Oncorhynchus nerka, Salvelinus fontinalis, and Salmo salar (and non-native Salmo trutta) as well as on Salvelinus alpinus (under the synonym G. salvelini) from Lake Inari, Finland. Gyrodactylus salmonis is distal in a monophyletic subclade labeled by an apomorphic 56 bp insertion in the ITS1, shared by the European parasites G. lavareti (host: Coregonus lavaretus), Gyrodactylus pomeraniae Kuusela, Ziętara, and Lumme, 2008 (host: Rutilus rutilus), and Gyrodactylus bliccensis Gläser, 1974 (host: Alburnus alburnus). This subphylogeny suggests that a particular host switch from cyprinids to salmonids may have occurred less than 1.8 mya in the Old World [dMCL = 0.234 G. pomeraniae vs (G. salmonis, G. lavareti)] and possibly again among coregonine hosts and Salvelinus 1.2 mya (dMCL = 0.156). Although hypothetical, a transition from coregonines to charr (notably the widely distributed and adaptable Salvelinus alpinus) potentially could have occurred in a proglacial refugium leading to circumpolar distribution of G. salmonis and a secondary transition to other North American hosts. The maximum cox1 genetic distance within G. salmonis on all hosts was dMCL = 0.032, at the same level as in multihosted European G. salaris (dMCL = 0.032), suggesting circa 250,000 yr of population expansion with these parasites since a temporal, coinciding bottleneck.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"130 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42352500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Fifteen Gehyra dubia and 15 Gehyra punctata from Australia were examined for helminths. One species of Cestoda and 6 species of Nematoda were found. Gehyra dubia harbored Oochoristica australiensis, Maxvachonia chabaudi, and Skrjabinodon smythi. Gehyra punctata harbored Parapharyngodon fitzroyi, Pharyngodon kartana, Physalopteroides filicauda, and Abbreviata sp. (larva in cyst). Both species of Gehyra are parasitized by generalist helminths that also infect other species of lizards.All findings represent new host records.
{"title":"New Helminth Records for the Dubious Dtella, Gehyra dubia, and the Spotted Dtella, Gehyra punctata (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Australia","authors":"S. Goldberg, C. Bursey","doi":"10.1654/20-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/20-0003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Fifteen Gehyra dubia and 15 Gehyra punctata from Australia were examined for helminths. One species of Cestoda and 6 species of Nematoda were found. Gehyra dubia harbored Oochoristica australiensis, Maxvachonia chabaudi, and Skrjabinodon smythi. Gehyra punctata harbored Parapharyngodon fitzroyi, Pharyngodon kartana, Physalopteroides filicauda, and Abbreviata sp. (larva in cyst). Both species of Gehyra are parasitized by generalist helminths that also infect other species of lizards.All findings represent new host records.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"19 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49488939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. T. McAllister, A. Choudhury, T. Fayton, D. Cloutman, C. Bursey, H. Robison, C. Whipps, T. Scholz
ABSTRACT: Between April 2011 and November 2020, 175 individuals of western creek chubsucker Erimyzon claviformis (Girard) (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) were collected and examined for parasites from 12 sites in the Ouachita, Red, St. Francis, and White river drainages in Arkansas (n = 138 individuals for endoparasites, 22 of same individuals for gill parasites) and from 4 sites in the Red River drainage in Oklahoma (n = 37 individuals for endoparasites, 14 of same individuals for gill parasites). Ninety-nine (57%) were infected with at least 1 parasite, including 2 (6%) of 36 with Piscinoodinium limneticum, 8 (22%) of 36 with 3 different Myxobolus spp., 4 (11%) of 36 with Octomacrum lanceatum, 40 (23%) of 175 with Plagioporus sinitsini, 30 (17%) of 175 with Lissorchis amniculensis, 38 (21%) of 175 with Calientiella etnieri, 3 (2%) of 175 with Isoglaridacris cf. agminis, 10 (6%) of 175 with larval Spiroxys sp., and 1 (0.6%) of 175 with a Neoechinorhynchus sp.; 31 individuals harbored multiple infections. We document several new host and distributional records. Moreover, this report represents only the second published report of the caryophyllid tapeworm C. etnieri since its description more than 46 yr ago.
{"title":"Parasites of Western Creek Chubsucker Erimyzon claviformis (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) from Arkansas and Oklahoma, U.S.A.","authors":"C. T. McAllister, A. Choudhury, T. Fayton, D. Cloutman, C. Bursey, H. Robison, C. Whipps, T. Scholz","doi":"10.1654/COPA-D-20-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/COPA-D-20-00013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Between April 2011 and November 2020, 175 individuals of western creek chubsucker Erimyzon claviformis (Girard) (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) were collected and examined for parasites from 12 sites in the Ouachita, Red, St. Francis, and White river drainages in Arkansas (n = 138 individuals for endoparasites, 22 of same individuals for gill parasites) and from 4 sites in the Red River drainage in Oklahoma (n = 37 individuals for endoparasites, 14 of same individuals for gill parasites). Ninety-nine (57%) were infected with at least 1 parasite, including 2 (6%) of 36 with Piscinoodinium limneticum, 8 (22%) of 36 with 3 different Myxobolus spp., 4 (11%) of 36 with Octomacrum lanceatum, 40 (23%) of 175 with Plagioporus sinitsini, 30 (17%) of 175 with Lissorchis amniculensis, 38 (21%) of 175 with Calientiella etnieri, 3 (2%) of 175 with Isoglaridacris cf. agminis, 10 (6%) of 175 with larval Spiroxys sp., and 1 (0.6%) of 175 with a Neoechinorhynchus sp.; 31 individuals harbored multiple infections. We document several new host and distributional records. Moreover, this report represents only the second published report of the caryophyllid tapeworm C. etnieri since its description more than 46 yr ago.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"88 1","pages":"113 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48971526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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