Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1373602
Desalegn Adugna, Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta, Jerman Dereje, Dawit Firdisa, Samuel Demissie Darcho, Obsan Kassa, Monas Kitessa, A. Gemeda
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by heightened stress and anxiety after experiencing a traumatic event. While numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the magnitude and factors associated with PTSD, there is limited evidence available on specific study populations of military personnel.The study aimed to determine the magnitude of post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among military personnel admitted to the Eastern Command Referral Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia from May 1 to 30, 2023.A cross-sectional study was carried out at an institution. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data using the post-traumatic stress disorder military version checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition. Data were entered and analyzed using EpiData version 3.1 and STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the information. To investigate factors linked with outcome variables, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. The results were presented using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, with statistical significance given at a p-value of 0.05.This study found that approximately 23.6% (95% CI = 19.9–27.8) of admitted military members fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Participants’ history of mental illness [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.73, 95% CI = 2.66–12.31], family history of mental illness (AOR = 10.38, 95% CI = 5.36–20.10), current chewing of khat (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.13–4.32), physical trauma (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.00–4.13), moderate social support (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.1–4.53), strong social support (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02–0.35), and severe depression (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.74–5.71) were factors significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.The magnitude of post-traumatic stress disorder is high among military personnel. Factors such as participants’ history of mental illness, family history of mental illness, depression, lack of social support, current use of khat, and physical trauma are significantly associated with PTSD. It is crucial to identify and intervene early in individuals with these risk factors to address PTSD effectively.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的特点是在经历创伤事件后压力和焦虑增加。虽然已有许多研究对创伤后应激障碍的严重程度和相关因素进行了调查，但针对军人这一特定研究人群的证据却很有限。本研究旨在确定 2023 年 5 月 1 日至 30 日期间在埃塞俄比亚东部东部指挥部转诊医院住院的军人中创伤后应激障碍的严重程度和相关因素。采用《诊断与统计手册》第五版创伤后应激障碍军事版核对表进行了面对面访谈以收集数据。数据使用 EpiData 3.1 版和 STATA 14 版进行输入和分析。采用描述性统计来总结信息。为研究与结果变量相关的因素，进行了二元和多元逻辑回归分析。研究发现，约有 23.6% （95% CI = 19.9-27.8）的入伍军人符合创伤后应激障碍的诊断标准。参与者的精神病史[调整后的几率比（AOR）= 5.73，95% CI = 2.66-12.31]、家族精神病史（AOR = 10.38，95% CI = 5.36-20.10）、目前咀嚼阿拉伯茶（AOR = 2.21，95% CI = 1.13-4.32）、身体创伤（AOR = 2.03，95% CI = 1.00-4.13）、中等社会支持（AOR = 0.27，95% CI = 0.1-4.53）、强社会支持（AOR = 0.09，95% CI = 0.02-0.35）和严重抑郁（AOR = 2.06，95% CI = 1.74-5.71）是与创伤后应激障碍显著相关的因素。参与者的精神病史、家族精神病史、抑郁症、缺乏社会支持、目前使用阿拉伯茶叶和身体创伤等因素与创伤后应激障碍有显著关联。要有效解决创伤后应激障碍问题，及早识别和干预存在这些风险因素的人至关重要。
{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among inpatients at Eastern Command Referral Hospital in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Desalegn Adugna, Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta, Jerman Dereje, Dawit Firdisa, Samuel Demissie Darcho, Obsan Kassa, Monas Kitessa, A. Gemeda","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1373602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1373602","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by heightened stress and anxiety after experiencing a traumatic event. While numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the magnitude and factors associated with PTSD, there is limited evidence available on specific study populations of military personnel.The study aimed to determine the magnitude of post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among military personnel admitted to the Eastern Command Referral Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia from May 1 to 30, 2023.A cross-sectional study was carried out at an institution. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data using the post-traumatic stress disorder military version checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition. Data were entered and analyzed using EpiData version 3.1 and STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the information. To investigate factors linked with outcome variables, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. The results were presented using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, with statistical significance given at a p-value of 0.05.This study found that approximately 23.6% (95% CI = 19.9–27.8) of admitted military members fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Participants’ history of mental illness [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.73, 95% CI = 2.66–12.31], family history of mental illness (AOR = 10.38, 95% CI = 5.36–20.10), current chewing of khat (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.13–4.32), physical trauma (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.00–4.13), moderate social support (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.1–4.53), strong social support (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02–0.35), and severe depression (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.74–5.71) were factors significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.The magnitude of post-traumatic stress disorder is high among military personnel. Factors such as participants’ history of mental illness, family history of mental illness, depression, lack of social support, current use of khat, and physical trauma are significantly associated with PTSD. It is crucial to identify and intervene early in individuals with these risk factors to address PTSD effectively.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1306440
Joel Djatché Miafo, Daniel Nzebou, Beat Stoll, Joris Cathel Yimga Ngambia, Saskia von Overbeck Ottino, Amir Moayedoddin
In sub-Saharan Africa the birth rate among teenage mothers is the highest in the world. In 2021, there would be 6,114,000 births for 15–19-year-olds in this part of the world. In Cameroon, the fertility rate among adolescents aged 15–19 is 24%. However, there is a significant lack of data on the mental health of teenage mothers. Given the biopsychosocial conditions of the perinatal period and adolescence, we hypothesise that the prevalence of mental disorders and the risk of suicide is very high in Cameroon. The aim is therefore to determine the prevalence of perinatal mental disorders and suicide risk among adolescent mothers in urban areas of Cameroon.Following ethical approval of the submitted protocol, we recruited adolescent mothers and data were collected using diagnostic interviews based on the DSM-5, PDM-2 and MINI guidelines. The types of sampling used were typical and incidental. Data were tabulated with Epidata 3.1 and processed with SPSS 25.66.4% of adolescent mothers were diagnosed with a mental disorder and 27.4% with suicidal risk. It was found that there was a link between mental disorders and suicidal risk (p<0.001), with mothers at suicidal risk having an 8.4 times greater risk of having a mental disorder (OR=8.423). Linear regression confirmed the statistically significant relationship between perinatal mental disorders and suicidal risk. 31.1% of the total variance in suicidal risk was explained by mental disorders. The regression coefficients for mental disorders with a p<0.05 value is: perinatal depression (-0.279), post-partum psychosis (-0.133), trauma disorder (-0.034), generalised anxiety disorder (-0.008) and conduct disorder (-0.020).Our hypothesis is confirmed, because the prevalence of 66.4% of mental disorders and 27.4% of suicidal risk are significantly high in Cameroon. In some way, the disorders predict suicidal risk, because the less an adolescent mother has one of these pathologies during the perinatal period, the less she will be at risk of suicide. More research of this kind is needed to contribute in providing more data, including solutions to address the morbidity and mortality problems associated with the mental health of teenage mothers.
{"title":"Perinatal mental disorders and suicidal risk among adolescent mothers living in urban areas of Cameroon","authors":"Joel Djatché Miafo, Daniel Nzebou, Beat Stoll, Joris Cathel Yimga Ngambia, Saskia von Overbeck Ottino, Amir Moayedoddin","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1306440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1306440","url":null,"abstract":"In sub-Saharan Africa the birth rate among teenage mothers is the highest in the world. In 2021, there would be 6,114,000 births for 15–19-year-olds in this part of the world. In Cameroon, the fertility rate among adolescents aged 15–19 is 24%. However, there is a significant lack of data on the mental health of teenage mothers. Given the biopsychosocial conditions of the perinatal period and adolescence, we hypothesise that the prevalence of mental disorders and the risk of suicide is very high in Cameroon. The aim is therefore to determine the prevalence of perinatal mental disorders and suicide risk among adolescent mothers in urban areas of Cameroon.Following ethical approval of the submitted protocol, we recruited adolescent mothers and data were collected using diagnostic interviews based on the DSM-5, PDM-2 and MINI guidelines. The types of sampling used were typical and incidental. Data were tabulated with Epidata 3.1 and processed with SPSS 25.66.4% of adolescent mothers were diagnosed with a mental disorder and 27.4% with suicidal risk. It was found that there was a link between mental disorders and suicidal risk (p<0.001), with mothers at suicidal risk having an 8.4 times greater risk of having a mental disorder (OR=8.423). Linear regression confirmed the statistically significant relationship between perinatal mental disorders and suicidal risk. 31.1% of the total variance in suicidal risk was explained by mental disorders. The regression coefficients for mental disorders with a p<0.05 value is: perinatal depression (-0.279), post-partum psychosis (-0.133), trauma disorder (-0.034), generalised anxiety disorder (-0.008) and conduct disorder (-0.020).Our hypothesis is confirmed, because the prevalence of 66.4% of mental disorders and 27.4% of suicidal risk are significantly high in Cameroon. In some way, the disorders predict suicidal risk, because the less an adolescent mother has one of these pathologies during the perinatal period, the less she will be at risk of suicide. More research of this kind is needed to contribute in providing more data, including solutions to address the morbidity and mortality problems associated with the mental health of teenage mothers.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1367225
M. Luppa, A. Pabst, M. Löbner, Tina Mallon, Christian Brettschneider, A. Hajek, K. Heser, L. Kleineidam, Siegfried Weyerer, Jochen Werle, Michael Pentzek, D. Weeg, Edelgard Mösch, B. Wiese, A. Oey, M. Wagner, Wolfgang Maier, Martin Scherer, Hans-Helmut König, S. Riedel-Heller
The present study aimed to investigate age-group-specific incidence rates and risk factors for depressive symptoms in the highest age groups.Data were derived from a prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in primary care – the AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe study. In total, 2,436 patients 75 years and older were followed from baseline to ninth follow-up. To assess depressive symptoms, the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15, cutoff score 6) was used. Age-specific competing risk regressions were performed to analyze risk factors for incident depressive symptoms in different age groups (75 to 79, 80 to 84, 85+ years), taking into account the accumulated mortality.The age-specific incidence rate of depression was 33 (95% CI 29-38), 46 (95% CI 40-52) and 63 (95% CI 45-87) per 1,000 person years for the initial age groups 75 to 79, 80 to 84 and 85+ years, respectively. In competing risk regression models, female sex, mobility as well as vision impairment, and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) were found to be risk factors for incident depression for age group 75 to 79, female sex, single/separated marital status, mobility as well as hearing impairment, and SCD for age group 80 to 84, and mobility impairment for age group 85+.Depressive symptoms in latest life are common and the incidence increases with increasing age. Modifiable and differing risk factors across the highest age groups open up the possibility of specifically tailored prevention concepts.
{"title":"Age-specific risk factors of depression among the oldest-old - evidence from the multicenter AgeCoDe-AgeQualiDe study","authors":"M. Luppa, A. Pabst, M. Löbner, Tina Mallon, Christian Brettschneider, A. Hajek, K. Heser, L. Kleineidam, Siegfried Weyerer, Jochen Werle, Michael Pentzek, D. Weeg, Edelgard Mösch, B. Wiese, A. Oey, M. Wagner, Wolfgang Maier, Martin Scherer, Hans-Helmut König, S. Riedel-Heller","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1367225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1367225","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate age-group-specific incidence rates and risk factors for depressive symptoms in the highest age groups.Data were derived from a prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in primary care – the AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe study. In total, 2,436 patients 75 years and older were followed from baseline to ninth follow-up. To assess depressive symptoms, the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15, cutoff score 6) was used. Age-specific competing risk regressions were performed to analyze risk factors for incident depressive symptoms in different age groups (75 to 79, 80 to 84, 85+ years), taking into account the accumulated mortality.The age-specific incidence rate of depression was 33 (95% CI 29-38), 46 (95% CI 40-52) and 63 (95% CI 45-87) per 1,000 person years for the initial age groups 75 to 79, 80 to 84 and 85+ years, respectively. In competing risk regression models, female sex, mobility as well as vision impairment, and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) were found to be risk factors for incident depression for age group 75 to 79, female sex, single/separated marital status, mobility as well as hearing impairment, and SCD for age group 80 to 84, and mobility impairment for age group 85+.Depressive symptoms in latest life are common and the incidence increases with increasing age. Modifiable and differing risk factors across the highest age groups open up the possibility of specifically tailored prevention concepts.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1396938
Xin Qiao, Jiaxin Yan, Zongjun Zang, Lei Xi, Wenli Zhu, En Zhang, Lijuan Wu
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has a variety of neurotrophic effects, including neurogenesis, remyelination and synaptogenesis, and is an effective regulator of neuronal plasticity. Although multiple studies have investigated IGF-1 in depression-related disorders, few studies have focused on patients with a first episode of clearly diagnosed depression who had never used antidepressants before. Therefore, this study investigated first-episode and drug-naïve patients with depression to supplement the current evidence around IGF-1 levels in depressive disorders.This study consisted of two parts. In the first part, 60 patients with first-episode and drug-naïve depression and 60 controls matched for age, sex, and BMI were recruited from the outpatient department of the Fourth Hospital of Wuhu City, and the community. The case-control method was used to compare differences in serum IGF-1 levels between the two groups. In the second part, 13 case-control studies were screened through the database for meta-analysis to verify the reliability of the results.Results of the case-control study demonstrated that serum IGF-1 levels are significantly higher in patients with first-episode and drug-naïve depression compared to healthy controls (p<0.05), although there was no significant difference between men and women with diagnosed MDD, there was no significant correlation between serum IGF-1 level and age in patients with depression and no significant correlation between IGF-1 level and the severity of depression. The meta-analysis corroborates these findings and demonstrated that IGF-1 levels are significantly higher in MDD patients than in healthy controls.Patients with first-episode and drug-naïve depression have higher IGF-1 levels, but the exclusion of confounding factors in studies of IGF-1 as it relates to depressive disorders must be taken into consideration strictly, and additional research is needed to fully understand the critical role of IGF-1 in depression.PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023482222.
{"title":"Association between IGF-1 levels and MDD: a case-control and meta-analysis","authors":"Xin Qiao, Jiaxin Yan, Zongjun Zang, Lei Xi, Wenli Zhu, En Zhang, Lijuan Wu","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1396938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1396938","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has a variety of neurotrophic effects, including neurogenesis, remyelination and synaptogenesis, and is an effective regulator of neuronal plasticity. Although multiple studies have investigated IGF-1 in depression-related disorders, few studies have focused on patients with a first episode of clearly diagnosed depression who had never used antidepressants before. Therefore, this study investigated first-episode and drug-naïve patients with depression to supplement the current evidence around IGF-1 levels in depressive disorders.This study consisted of two parts. In the first part, 60 patients with first-episode and drug-naïve depression and 60 controls matched for age, sex, and BMI were recruited from the outpatient department of the Fourth Hospital of Wuhu City, and the community. The case-control method was used to compare differences in serum IGF-1 levels between the two groups. In the second part, 13 case-control studies were screened through the database for meta-analysis to verify the reliability of the results.Results of the case-control study demonstrated that serum IGF-1 levels are significantly higher in patients with first-episode and drug-naïve depression compared to healthy controls (p<0.05), although there was no significant difference between men and women with diagnosed MDD, there was no significant correlation between serum IGF-1 level and age in patients with depression and no significant correlation between IGF-1 level and the severity of depression. The meta-analysis corroborates these findings and demonstrated that IGF-1 levels are significantly higher in MDD patients than in healthy controls.Patients with first-episode and drug-naïve depression have higher IGF-1 levels, but the exclusion of confounding factors in studies of IGF-1 as it relates to depressive disorders must be taken into consideration strictly, and additional research is needed to fully understand the critical role of IGF-1 in depression.PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023482222.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1365189
Mohammed Al Jaffal, David Becker, Abdulkarim Alhossein, S. Bakhiet, Rashed Aldabas, A. Abaoud, Nagda Mohamed Abdu Elrahim, Hanan Alharthi
There is a lack of universal scales for tracking ADHD symptoms in the home for children/adolescents in the Sudanese context. For this reason, this study aimed to validate the ADHD Rating Scale—5 for Children and Adolescents, Home Version for use by parents in Sudan to assess their children for ADHD. This scale is widely used by parents to assess their children aged 5–17 years for ADHD in the home environment. The current study involved 3,742 Sudanese parents of school-aged children and adolescents, each asked to complete the instrument for one child in their family; only one parent per family participated in the study. The authors then examined the psychometric properties of the scale from the completed assessments. The results indicated acceptable to high reliability for the total scale and both the symptom and impairment items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated high external and construct validity when applying the scale to the Sudanese sample. the factor structure resembled that of the normative U.S. sample in terms of the number of extractable factors and the strength of factor loadings. Based on the results, this adaptation of the home version of the ADHD Scale—5 for Children and Adolescents is both valid and reliable for use by Sudanese parents in the home environment.
{"title":"The psychometric properties of the ADHD rating scale—5 for children and adolescents, home version for Sudan","authors":"Mohammed Al Jaffal, David Becker, Abdulkarim Alhossein, S. Bakhiet, Rashed Aldabas, A. Abaoud, Nagda Mohamed Abdu Elrahim, Hanan Alharthi","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1365189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1365189","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lack of universal scales for tracking ADHD symptoms in the home for children/adolescents in the Sudanese context. For this reason, this study aimed to validate the ADHD Rating Scale—5 for Children and Adolescents, Home Version for use by parents in Sudan to assess their children for ADHD. This scale is widely used by parents to assess their children aged 5–17 years for ADHD in the home environment. The current study involved 3,742 Sudanese parents of school-aged children and adolescents, each asked to complete the instrument for one child in their family; only one parent per family participated in the study. The authors then examined the psychometric properties of the scale from the completed assessments. The results indicated acceptable to high reliability for the total scale and both the symptom and impairment items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated high external and construct validity when applying the scale to the Sudanese sample. the factor structure resembled that of the normative U.S. sample in terms of the number of extractable factors and the strength of factor loadings. Based on the results, this adaptation of the home version of the ADHD Scale—5 for Children and Adolescents is both valid and reliable for use by Sudanese parents in the home environment.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1380123
Menglu Yuan, Frances M. Leslie
Abuse or misuse of tobacco, e-cigarettes, or antidepressants may have serious clinical consequences during adolescence, a sensitive period during brain development when the distinct neurobiology of adolescent serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) systems create unique behavioral vulnerabilities to drugs of abuse. Using a pharmacological approach, we modeled the behavioral and neurochemical effects of subchronic (4-day) nicotine (60µg/kg, i.v.) or fluoxetine (1mg/kg, i.v.) exposure in adolescent and adult male rats. Nicotine and fluoxetine significantly enhance quinpirole-induced locomotor activity and initial cocaine self-administration in adolescents, but not adults. These effects were blocked by serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonists, WAY-100,635 (100 µg/kg, i.v.) or S-15535 (300 µg/kg, i.v.). Neurochemical and anatomical autoradiographic analysis of 8-OH-DPAT-stimulated [35S]GTPγS reveal that prior exposure to nicotine and fluoxetine results in both overlapping and distinct effects on regional 5-HT1A receptor activity. Both fluoxetine and nicotine enhance adolescent 5-HT1A receptor activity in the primary motor cortex (M1), whereas fluoxetine alone targets prefrontal cortical neurocircuitry and nicotine alone targets the amygdala. Given their different pharmacological profiles, comparison between WAY-100,635 and S-15535 indicates that postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors mediate the behavioral effects of prior nicotine and fluoxetine exposure. In addition, within the adolescent M1, maladaptive changes in 5-HT signaling and 5-HT1A activity after nicotine or fluoxetine exposure may potentiate hyper-responsiveness to dopaminergic drugs and prime adolescent vulnerability for future substance abuse.
{"title":"Nicotine and fluoxetine alter adolescent dopamine-mediated behaviors via 5-HT1A receptor activation","authors":"Menglu Yuan, Frances M. Leslie","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1380123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1380123","url":null,"abstract":"Abuse or misuse of tobacco, e-cigarettes, or antidepressants may have serious clinical consequences during adolescence, a sensitive period during brain development when the distinct neurobiology of adolescent serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) systems create unique behavioral vulnerabilities to drugs of abuse. Using a pharmacological approach, we modeled the behavioral and neurochemical effects of subchronic (4-day) nicotine (60µg/kg, i.v.) or fluoxetine (1mg/kg, i.v.) exposure in adolescent and adult male rats. Nicotine and fluoxetine significantly enhance quinpirole-induced locomotor activity and initial cocaine self-administration in adolescents, but not adults. These effects were blocked by serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonists, WAY-100,635 (100 µg/kg, i.v.) or S-15535 (300 µg/kg, i.v.). Neurochemical and anatomical autoradiographic analysis of 8-OH-DPAT-stimulated [35S]GTPγS reveal that prior exposure to nicotine and fluoxetine results in both overlapping and distinct effects on regional 5-HT1A receptor activity. Both fluoxetine and nicotine enhance adolescent 5-HT1A receptor activity in the primary motor cortex (M1), whereas fluoxetine alone targets prefrontal cortical neurocircuitry and nicotine alone targets the amygdala. Given their different pharmacological profiles, comparison between WAY-100,635 and S-15535 indicates that postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors mediate the behavioral effects of prior nicotine and fluoxetine exposure. In addition, within the adolescent M1, maladaptive changes in 5-HT signaling and 5-HT1A activity after nicotine or fluoxetine exposure may potentiate hyper-responsiveness to dopaminergic drugs and prime adolescent vulnerability for future substance abuse.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364621
Paul S. Links, Hira Aslam, Jonah Brodeur
When physician assisted dying (referred to as Medical Assistance in Dying or MAiD in this article) is available for individuals with mental disorders as the sole underlying medical condition (MD-SUMC), patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently request MAiD. Psychiatrists and other clinicians must be prepared to evaluate and manage these requests.The purposes of this paper are to define when patients with BPD should be considered to have an irremediable, treatment resistant disorder and provide clinicians with an approach to assess and manage their patients with BPD making requests for MAiD.This perspective paper developed the authors’ viewpoint by using a published, authoritative definition of irremediability and including noteworthy systematic and/or meta-analytic reviews related to the assessment of irremediability.The clinician must be aware of the eligibility requirements for granting MAiD in their jurisdiction so that they can appropriately prepare themselves and their patients for the assessment process. The appraisal of the intolerability of the specific person’s suffering comes from having an extensive dialogue with the patient; however, the assessment of whether the patient has irremediable BPD should be more objectively and reliably determined. A systematic approach to the assessment of irremediability of BPD is reviewed in the context of the disorder’s severity, treatment resistance and irreversibility.In addition to characterizing irremediability, this paper also addresses the evaluation and management of suicide risk for patients with BPD undergoing the MAiD assessment process.
{"title":"Assessing and managing patients with borderline personality disorder requesting medical assistance in dying","authors":"Paul S. Links, Hira Aslam, Jonah Brodeur","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364621","url":null,"abstract":"When physician assisted dying (referred to as Medical Assistance in Dying or MAiD in this article) is available for individuals with mental disorders as the sole underlying medical condition (MD-SUMC), patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently request MAiD. Psychiatrists and other clinicians must be prepared to evaluate and manage these requests.The purposes of this paper are to define when patients with BPD should be considered to have an irremediable, treatment resistant disorder and provide clinicians with an approach to assess and manage their patients with BPD making requests for MAiD.This perspective paper developed the authors’ viewpoint by using a published, authoritative definition of irremediability and including noteworthy systematic and/or meta-analytic reviews related to the assessment of irremediability.The clinician must be aware of the eligibility requirements for granting MAiD in their jurisdiction so that they can appropriately prepare themselves and their patients for the assessment process. The appraisal of the intolerability of the specific person’s suffering comes from having an extensive dialogue with the patient; however, the assessment of whether the patient has irremediable BPD should be more objectively and reliably determined. A systematic approach to the assessment of irremediability of BPD is reviewed in the context of the disorder’s severity, treatment resistance and irreversibility.In addition to characterizing irremediability, this paper also addresses the evaluation and management of suicide risk for patients with BPD undergoing the MAiD assessment process.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385323
Gossa Fetene Abebe, M. Alie, Amanuel Adugna, Daniel Asemelash, Tamirat Tesfaye, D. Girma, Abyot Asres
Antenatal depression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive pregnant women can have significant adverse effects on both the mother and newborns, yet it is often overlooked in pregnancy care in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite this, there is limited data on the combined prevalence of antenatal depression and its predictors among HIV-positive women in the region.To assess the pooled prevalence of antenatal depression and its associated factors among HIV-positive women in SSA.All primary cross-sectional studies published before 1st January/2024, were included. We conducted searches in relevant databases; PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Psychiatry Online, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to critically appraise the selected studies. To assess heterogeneity among the studies, we utilized the I2 test. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. The forest plot was used to present the combined proportion of antenatal depression and odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval.The pooled prevalence of antenatal depression among HIV-positive women in Sub-Saharan Africa was found to be 30.6% (95% CI, 19.8%-41.3%). Factors significantly associated with antenatal depression among HIV-positive women in SSA included being unmarried (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.57 – 6.07), having a previous history of depression (AOR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.79 – 4.91), experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.44 – 3.09), and experiencing stigma (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05 – 1.76).High prevalence of antenatal depression among HIV-positive women in SSA underscores the need for prioritizing identification and management. Interventions addressing factors like IPV and stigma, along with training for healthcare providers in recognizing symptoms and providing support, are recommended.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024508236.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）阳性孕妇的产前抑郁症会对母亲和新生儿造成严重的不良影响，但在撒哈拉以南非洲地区（SSA）的孕期保健中却常常被忽视。为了评估撒哈拉以南非洲地区 HIV 阳性孕妇产前抑郁症的综合患病率及其相关因素，我们纳入了 2024 年 1 月 1 日前发表的所有主要横断面研究。我们在相关数据库中进行了检索：PubMed、HINARI、Web of Science、PsycINFO、Psychiatry Online、ScienceDirect 和 Google Scholar。乔安娜-布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute）的检查表用于对所选研究进行严格评估。为了评估研究之间的异质性，我们使用了 I2 检验。使用漏斗图和 Egger 检验来评估发表偏倚。森林图用于显示产前抑郁症的综合比例和几率比例，以及 95% 的置信区间。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，HIV 阳性女性产前抑郁症的综合患病率为 30.6%（95% CI，19.8%-41.3%）。与撒哈拉以南非洲地区 HIV 阳性妇女产前抑郁明显相关的因素包括未婚（AOR：3.09，95% CI：1.57 - 6.07）、既往有抑郁史（AOR：2.97，95% CI：1.79 - 4.91）、经历亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）（AOR：2.在 SSA 地区，HIV 阳性妇女产前抑郁的发病率很高，这凸显了优先识别和管理的必要性。建议针对 IPV 和污名化等因素采取干预措施，并对医疗服务提供者进行识别症状和提供支持的培训。https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/，标识符为 CRD42024508236。
{"title":"Antenatal depression and its predictors among HIV positive women in Sub-Saharan Africa; a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Gossa Fetene Abebe, M. Alie, Amanuel Adugna, Daniel Asemelash, Tamirat Tesfaye, D. Girma, Abyot Asres","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385323","url":null,"abstract":"Antenatal depression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive pregnant women can have significant adverse effects on both the mother and newborns, yet it is often overlooked in pregnancy care in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite this, there is limited data on the combined prevalence of antenatal depression and its predictors among HIV-positive women in the region.To assess the pooled prevalence of antenatal depression and its associated factors among HIV-positive women in SSA.All primary cross-sectional studies published before 1st January/2024, were included. We conducted searches in relevant databases; PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Psychiatry Online, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to critically appraise the selected studies. To assess heterogeneity among the studies, we utilized the I2 test. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. The forest plot was used to present the combined proportion of antenatal depression and odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval.The pooled prevalence of antenatal depression among HIV-positive women in Sub-Saharan Africa was found to be 30.6% (95% CI, 19.8%-41.3%). Factors significantly associated with antenatal depression among HIV-positive women in SSA included being unmarried (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.57 – 6.07), having a previous history of depression (AOR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.79 – 4.91), experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.44 – 3.09), and experiencing stigma (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05 – 1.76).High prevalence of antenatal depression among HIV-positive women in SSA underscores the need for prioritizing identification and management. Interventions addressing factors like IPV and stigma, along with training for healthcare providers in recognizing symptoms and providing support, are recommended.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024508236.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: The role of emotion regulation on the developmental course of eating disorders, obesity and food addiction","authors":"Roser Granero, Isabel Krug, Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1436479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1436479","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310114
J. Handelzalts, Maor Kalfon-Hakhmigari, Adi Raichin, Y. Peled
We aimed to examine the hypothesized negative associations between childbirth post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (using the two-factor model of birth-related and general symptoms), social support, and a couple’s relationship quality at 8–12 weeks postpartum. This analysis considered the longitudinal positive shared variance with acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms measured shortly after birth, while accounting for obstetric and demographic variables.Participants included 246 mothers who gave birth at the maternity ward of a tertiary healthcare center. Self-report questionnaires were used 1–4 days postpartum (T1): Demographic information, the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R), and the National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale (NSESSS). At T2 (8–12 weeks postpartum), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-7), and the City Birth Trauma Scale (BiTS).In partial support of our hypotheses, three hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant positive contribution of ASD symptoms to childbirth PTSD general symptoms (β = .33, p <.001) and the total score (β = .29, p <.001), but not to birth-related symptoms. Social support (β = -.21, p = .003) and the quality of the couple’s relationship (β=-.20, p = .003) showed negative associations with the BiTS general symptoms.Our study enhances understanding of the shared variance between childbirth ASD and PTSD, supporting the factor structure of general and birth-related symptoms as different aspects of childbirth PTSD and highlighting the negative association of social support and the quality of a couple’s relationship with PTSD general symptoms, suggesting potential avenues for targeted interventions.
{"title":"Postpartum acute stress disorder symptoms, social support, and quality of couple’s relationship associations with childbirth PTSD","authors":"J. Handelzalts, Maor Kalfon-Hakhmigari, Adi Raichin, Y. Peled","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310114","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to examine the hypothesized negative associations between childbirth post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (using the two-factor model of birth-related and general symptoms), social support, and a couple’s relationship quality at 8–12 weeks postpartum. This analysis considered the longitudinal positive shared variance with acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms measured shortly after birth, while accounting for obstetric and demographic variables.Participants included 246 mothers who gave birth at the maternity ward of a tertiary healthcare center. Self-report questionnaires were used 1–4 days postpartum (T1): Demographic information, the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R), and the National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale (NSESSS). At T2 (8–12 weeks postpartum), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-7), and the City Birth Trauma Scale (BiTS).In partial support of our hypotheses, three hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant positive contribution of ASD symptoms to childbirth PTSD general symptoms (β = .33, p <.001) and the total score (β = .29, p <.001), but not to birth-related symptoms. Social support (β = -.21, p = .003) and the quality of the couple’s relationship (β=-.20, p = .003) showed negative associations with the BiTS general symptoms.Our study enhances understanding of the shared variance between childbirth ASD and PTSD, supporting the factor structure of general and birth-related symptoms as different aspects of childbirth PTSD and highlighting the negative association of social support and the quality of a couple’s relationship with PTSD general symptoms, suggesting potential avenues for targeted interventions.","PeriodicalId":506619,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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