Engineers often do not select the best designs available to them. This research investigates whether specific design actions improve performance in a design exploration task and whether the reasoning factors underpinning these actions can be inferred directly. This study quantitatively evaluates multiple dimensions of design behavior and cognition within concept selection using objective performance metrics. Fifty-six participants were tasked with identifying an optimal design for the gripping contact of a dishwashing robot. Results identified specific design actions that correlated with improved design performance, including exploring fewer design alternatives and isolating parameters. We found that reasoning factors stated by participants did not accurately map onto their observed actions and did not correlate with task performance. Implications related to future computational design support tools are discussed.
{"title":"Examining the Design Actions and Reasoning Factors that Impact Design Performance","authors":"Yakira Mirabito, K. Goucher-Lambert","doi":"10.1115/1.4064414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064414","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Engineers often do not select the best designs available to them. This research investigates whether specific design actions improve performance in a design exploration task and whether the reasoning factors underpinning these actions can be inferred directly. This study quantitatively evaluates multiple dimensions of design behavior and cognition within concept selection using objective performance metrics. Fifty-six participants were tasked with identifying an optimal design for the gripping contact of a dishwashing robot. Results identified specific design actions that correlated with improved design performance, including exploring fewer design alternatives and isolating parameters. We found that reasoning factors stated by participants did not accurately map onto their observed actions and did not correlate with task performance. Implications related to future computational design support tools are discussed.","PeriodicalId":506672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A wire beam is a single-translation constraint along its axial direction. It offers many applications in compliant mechanisms such as being a transmitting/decoupling element connected to a linear actuator, and being a fundamental constitutive element to design complex compliant joints and mechanisms. It is desired to find alternative leaf beam single-translation constraint to equal a wire beam, in order to improve the manufacturability and robustness to external loading. In this paper, we propose and model a new single-translation constraint compliant module, I-shape leaf beam design, to compare with a corresponding L-shape leaf beam design reported in the literature. Two spherical (S) joints using three I-shape leaf beams and three L-shape leaf beams, respectively, are then analytically modelled and analysed. Three key geometric parameters are adopted to thoroughly assess four performance indices of each S joint including stiffness ratio, rotation radius error, coupling motion and parasitic motion. It shows that the I-shape leaf beam based S joint performance indices are generally 10 times better than those of the L-shape leaf beam based S joint. For each S joint, the optimal parameters are found under the given conditions. Finally, experimental tests are carried out for a fabricated S joint prototype using the I-shape leaf beams, the results from which verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical model and the fabrication feasibility.
线梁是一种沿轴向的单一平移约束。它在顺应式机构中有许多应用，例如作为与线性致动器相连的传输/解耦元件，以及作为设计复杂顺应式接头和机构的基本构成元件。人们希望找到与线梁等效的替代叶梁单平移约束，以提高其可制造性和对外部载荷的鲁棒性。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的单平移约束顺应模块--I 形叶梁设计，并对其进行了建模，与文献中报道的相应 L 形叶梁设计进行了比较。然后，对分别使用三个 I 型叶梁和三个 L 型叶梁的两个球形 (S) 接头进行了分析建模和分析。采用三个关键几何参数来全面评估每个 S 型关节的四个性能指标，包括刚度比、旋转半径误差、耦合运动和寄生运动。结果表明，基于 I 型叶梁的 S 型关节性能指标一般比基于 L 型叶梁的 S 型关节好 10 倍。在给定的条件下，找到了每种 S 接头的最佳参数。最后，对使用工字形叶梁制造的 S 型接头原型进行了实验测试，结果验证了所提分析模型的准确性和制造的可行性。
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Leaf Beam Single-Translation Constraint Compliant Modules and the Resulting Spherical Joints","authors":"Guangbo Hao, Xiuyun He, Jiaxiang Zhu, Haiyang Li","doi":"10.1115/1.4064415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064415","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A wire beam is a single-translation constraint along its axial direction. It offers many applications in compliant mechanisms such as being a transmitting/decoupling element connected to a linear actuator, and being a fundamental constitutive element to design complex compliant joints and mechanisms. It is desired to find alternative leaf beam single-translation constraint to equal a wire beam, in order to improve the manufacturability and robustness to external loading. In this paper, we propose and model a new single-translation constraint compliant module, I-shape leaf beam design, to compare with a corresponding L-shape leaf beam design reported in the literature. Two spherical (S) joints using three I-shape leaf beams and three L-shape leaf beams, respectively, are then analytically modelled and analysed. Three key geometric parameters are adopted to thoroughly assess four performance indices of each S joint including stiffness ratio, rotation radius error, coupling motion and parasitic motion. It shows that the I-shape leaf beam based S joint performance indices are generally 10 times better than those of the L-shape leaf beam based S joint. For each S joint, the optimal parameters are found under the given conditions. Finally, experimental tests are carried out for a fabricated S joint prototype using the I-shape leaf beams, the results from which verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical model and the fabrication feasibility.","PeriodicalId":506672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structural compliance of annular ring gear can significantly influence the quasi-static and dynamic performance of an epicyclic gear set. As powertrain components are continually being optimized to their design limits, this influence becomes prominent and can no longer be ignored. The current paper will study the impact of ring gear compliance on the dynamic response of epicyclic gear sets, in fixed ring kinematic configuration. To achieve this objective the current study will incorporate a finite element based ring gear formulation into the three-dimensional planetary load distribution model of Ryali and Talbot [1]. The proposed model employs a modified simplex algorithm to iteratively solve for the elastic gear mesh contacts in conjunction with a numerical integration scheme, which enables it to inherently capture the influence of several component and system level design variations. The developed formulation is used to conduct parametric studies involving different planetary gear designs, ring gear fixtures (bolted vs. splined), and operating conditions (quasi-static, dynamic). In the case of a splined ring gear fixture, an external splined tooth contact model is developed, which will be used to validate the model against the quasi-static experiments of Ligata et al. [2]. The discussed results demonstrate the fidelity of the developed model, thus making it an excellent tool for the design and analysis of planetary gears with thin annular ring gears.
{"title":"Influence of Fixed Ring Gear Structural Compliance on the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Response of Epicyclic Gear Sets","authors":"L. Ryali, David Talbot","doi":"10.1115/1.4064412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064412","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The structural compliance of annular ring gear can significantly influence the quasi-static and dynamic performance of an epicyclic gear set. As powertrain components are continually being optimized to their design limits, this influence becomes prominent and can no longer be ignored. The current paper will study the impact of ring gear compliance on the dynamic response of epicyclic gear sets, in fixed ring kinematic configuration. To achieve this objective the current study will incorporate a finite element based ring gear formulation into the three-dimensional planetary load distribution model of Ryali and Talbot [1]. The proposed model employs a modified simplex algorithm to iteratively solve for the elastic gear mesh contacts in conjunction with a numerical integration scheme, which enables it to inherently capture the influence of several component and system level design variations. The developed formulation is used to conduct parametric studies involving different planetary gear designs, ring gear fixtures (bolted vs. splined), and operating conditions (quasi-static, dynamic). In the case of a splined ring gear fixture, an external splined tooth contact model is developed, which will be used to validate the model against the quasi-static experiments of Ligata et al. [2]. The discussed results demonstrate the fidelity of the developed model, thus making it an excellent tool for the design and analysis of planetary gears with thin annular ring gears.","PeriodicalId":506672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","volume":"44 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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