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A Decision Support Framework for Robust Multilevel Co-Design Exploration of Manufacturing Supply Networks 鲁棒多级协同设计探索制造供应网络的决策支持框架
Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065369
Mathew Baby, Akshay Guptan, Jacob Broussard, J. Allen, F. Mistree, Anand Balu Nellippallil
Design of a manufacturing supply network (MSN) requires the consideration of decisions made by different groups at multiple levels and their interactions that include potential conflicts. Decisions are typically made based on information from computational simulations that are abstractions of reality and, therefore, embody uncertainty. This necessitates focusing on design space exploration to identify robust satisficing solution sets that are relatively insensitive to uncertainty. Current frameworks that support robust satisficing design space exploration are limited by their capability to support the efficient exploration of multilevel design spaces simultaneously. In this paper, we present the Framework for Robust Multilevel Co-Design Exploration (FRoMCoDE), a decision support framework that allows designers to i) model decision problems across multiple levels and their interactions, ii) consider uncertainties in the decision problems, and ii) visualize and systematically carry out simultaneous exploration of multilevel design spaces, termed co-design exploration. In FRoMCoDE, we combine the coupled compromise Decision Support Problem construct, where a combination of the Preemptive and Archimedean formulations is used, with robust design constructs and interpretable-Self Organizing Maps (iSOM) based visualization to facilitate robust co-design. We use a steel MSN problem with decisions made at two levels to test the framework. Using the problem, we demonstrate FRoMCoDE's efficacy in supporting designers in i) modeling multilevel decision problems and their interactions, considering the uncertainties, and ii) the efficient co-design exploration of multilevel design spaces. FRoMCoDE is generic and supports designers in the robust co-design exploration of multilevel systems.
制造供应网络(MSN)的设计需要考虑不同群体在多个层面上做出的决策,以及他们之间的互动,包括潜在的冲突。决策通常是基于计算模拟的信息做出的,而计算模拟是对现实的抽象,因此具有不确定性。因此,有必要专注于设计空间探索,以确定对不确定性相对不敏感的稳健满意度解决方案集。目前支持鲁棒性满足设计空间探索的框架在同时支持多层次设计空间的高效探索方面能力有限。在本文中,我们提出了鲁棒多层次协同设计探索框架(FRoMCoDE),这是一个决策支持框架,允许设计人员 i) 对跨多层次的决策问题及其相互作用进行建模;ii) 考虑决策问题中的不确定性;ii) 可视化并系统地对多层次设计空间进行同步探索,即协同设计探索。在 FRoMCoDE 中,我们将耦合折中决策支持问题结构(其中结合使用了抢先式和阿基米德式)与稳健设计结构和基于可解释自组织图(iSOM)的可视化相结合,以促进稳健协同设计。我们使用一个在两个层面上做出决策的钢铁 MSN 问题来测试该框架。通过该问题,我们证明了 FRoMCoDE 在以下方面的功效:i)考虑不确定性,为多层次决策问题及其相互作用建模;ii)对多层次设计空间进行高效的协同设计探索。FRoMCoDE 具有通用性,可支持设计人员对多层次系统进行稳健的协同设计探索。
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引用次数: 0
EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF REQUIREMENT REPRESENTATION ON IDEA GENERATION 探索需求表述对创意产生的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065368
Akash Patel, Joshua Summers, Beshoy Morkos, Sourabh Karmakar
The objective of this research is to understand how different representations of requirements influence idea generation in terms of quantity, addressment, novelty, and variety of conceptual sketches. Requirements are testable statements of need, desires, and wishes of the stakeholders that are used by engineers to frame the problem. Project success is highly dependent on well-defined requirements documents. An experimental study was conducted with 52 fourth year mechanical engineering undergraduate students. Two design problems were formulated with three different representations: a problem statement with embedded requirements, a problem statement and a traditional requirement list, and a problem statement with contextualized scrum stories. Each student was provided both design problems with two different representations of requirements. It was found that the use of contextualized scrum story representations significantly affected the novelty of solution fragments and addressment of requirements, while no significant change in variety and quantity was seen. Finally, it was found that quantity is not directly related to the number of requirements addressed in the sketches.
本研究的目的是了解不同的需求表述如何在概念草图的数量、解决方式、新颖性和多样性方面影响创意的产生。需求是利益相关者对需求、愿望和希望的可测试陈述,工程师利用这些陈述来确定问题的框架。项目的成功在很大程度上取决于定义明确的需求文档。我们对 52 名机械工程专业四年级本科生进行了一项实验研究。两个设计问题采用了三种不同的表现形式:包含嵌入式需求的问题陈述、问题陈述和传统需求列表,以及包含上下文化 Scrum 故事的问题陈述。每个学生都得到了两个设计问题和两种不同的需求表述。结果发现,使用情境化的 Scrum 故事表示法对解决方案片段的新颖性和需求的满足程度有显著影响,而在多样性和数量方面则没有明显变化。最后,研究还发现,数量与草图中处理的需求数量没有直接关系。
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引用次数: 0
Structural synthesis of planar kinematic chains for non-redundant parallel manipulators 非冗余并行机械手平面运动链的结构合成
Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065317
F. V. Morlin, Andrea Piga carboni, D. Martins
This work focuses on the synthesis of non-redundant planar kinematic chains applied to parallel manipulators, where the mobility of the kinematic chains is constrained by the planar workspace, allowing for kinematic chains with up to 3 degrees of freedom. The synthesis process consists of two stages. First, a graph generator enumerates non-isomorphic biconnected graphs representing planar kinematic chains with up to 3 degrees of freedom and 7 loops. Subsequently, graphs associated to chains with rigid subchains are removed using a degeneracy identification method based on matroid theory. Concise results are presented for chains with up to five loops. For chains with 6 and 7 loops, results are categorized based on link partitions, for a direct comparison with previous results. These findings align with prior research, with minor variations in the reported chain numbers. These variations can be attributed to several factors, including graph generation, isomorphism testing, fractionation, and subchain identification. These factors are comprehensively discussed and examined.
这项工作的重点是合成应用于并行机械手的非冗余平面运动链,其中运动链的移动性受到平面工作空间的限制,允许运动链具有多达 3 个自由度。合成过程包括两个阶段。首先,图形生成器会枚举出非同构的双连接图形,这些图形代表具有最多 3 个自由度和 7 个循环的平面运动链。随后,利用基于矩阵理论的退化识别方法,删除与具有刚性子链的链相关的图形。结果简明扼要,适用于最多 5 个回路的链。对于有 6 个和 7 个循环的链,则根据链接分区对结果进行分类,以便与之前的结果进行直接比较。这些结果与之前的研究结果一致,只是报告的链数略有不同。这些差异可归因于几个因素,包括图形生成、同构测试、分馏和子链识别。我们对这些因素进行了全面的讨论和研究。
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引用次数: 0
Asynchronous Multi-Information Source Bayesian Optimization 异步多信息源贝叶斯优化
Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065064
Danial Khatamsaz, Raymundo Arróyave, Douglas L. Allaire
Resource management in engineering design seeks to optimally allocate while maximizing the performance metrics of the final design. Bayesian optimization (BO) is an efficient design framework that judiciously allocates resources through heuristic-based searches, aiming to identify the optimal design region with minimal experiments. Upon recommending a series of experiments or tasks, the framework anticipates their completion to augment its knowledge repository, subsequently guiding its decisions toward the most favorable next steps. However, when confronted with time constraints or other resource challenges, bottlenecks can hinder the traditional BO’s ability to assimilate knowledge and allocate resources with efficiency. In this work, we introduce an asynchronous learning framework designed to utilize idle periods between experiments. This model adeptly allocates resources, capitalizing on lower fidelity experiments to gather comprehensive insights about the target objective function. Such an approach ensures that the system progresses uninhibited by the outcomes of prior experiments, as it provisionally relies on anticipated results as stand-ins for actual outcomes. We initiate our exploration by addressing a basic problem, contrasting the efficacy of asynchronous learning against traditional synchronous multi-fidelity BO. We then employ this method to a practical challenge: optimizing a specific mechanical characteristic of a dual-phase steel.
工程设计中的资源管理旨在优化分配,同时最大限度地提高最终设计的性能指标。贝叶斯优化(BO)是一种高效的设计框架,它通过启发式搜索明智地分配资源,旨在以最少的实验确定最佳的设计区域。在推荐一系列实验或任务时,该框架会预测这些实验或任务的完成情况,以扩充其知识库,从而引导其决策朝着最有利的下一步发展。然而,当遇到时间限制或其他资源挑战时,瓶颈就会阻碍传统 BO 吸收知识和高效分配资源的能力。在这项工作中,我们引入了一个异步学习框架,旨在利用实验之间的空闲时间。该模型善于分配资源,利用低保真实验来收集有关目标函数的全面见解。这种方法可确保系统不受先前实验结果的影响,因为它暂时依赖预期结果作为实际结果的替身。我们首先探讨了一个基本问题,即异步学习与传统同步多保真度 BO 的功效对比。然后,我们将这种方法用于一项实际挑战:优化双相钢的特定机械特性。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Optimization of a Noncircular Pulley for Motion Decoupling in Cable-Driven Serial Robots 开发和优化用于电缆驱动串行机器人运动解耦的非圆形滑轮
Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065278
Jinsai Cheng, Tao Shen
Cable-driven serial robots have emerged with high potential for widely applications due to their compact size and low inertia properties. However, developing this type of robots encounters a motion coupling issue that the movement of one joint leads to motion of other joints, resulting in complex control. In this paper, we proposed a novel approach for motion decoupling based on a noncircular pulley. The length change of the driving cable caused by the motion coupling problem is resolved by using the noncircular pulley. The calculation process of the profile for the noncircular pulley is illustrated in detail. An optimization process based on brute force method is presented to identify the optimal parameters to minimize the compensation error. A cable-driven serial robot based on the decoupling method is prototyped for assessments. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed motion decoupling method. The results reveal that the proposed method can effectively resolve the motion coupling issue by maintaining almost constant cable length with a maximum accumulative error only as 0.086mm, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method.
电缆驱动的串行机器人因其体积小、惯性低的特性而具有广泛的应用潜力。然而,开发这类机器人会遇到运动耦合问题,即一个关节的运动会导致其他关节的运动,从而导致复杂的控制。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于非圆形滑轮的新型运动解耦方法。通过使用非圆形滑轮,解决了运动耦合问题引起的驱动电缆长度变化。详细说明了非圆形滑轮轮廓的计算过程。介绍了基于蛮力法的优化过程,以确定使补偿误差最小的最佳参数。基于解耦方法的缆索驱动串行机器人原型已完成评估。通过实验来评估所提出的运动解耦方法的性能。结果表明,所提出的方法能有效解决运动耦合问题,保持电缆长度几乎不变,最大累积误差仅为 0.086 毫米,证明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A fuzzy ontology-based decision tool for concept selection to maintain consistency throughout design iterations 基于模糊本体的概念选择决策工具,以保持设计迭代过程中的一致性
Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065256
Yan Liu, Xinru Chen, Claudia M. Eckert, Xin Zhang
Concept selection is one of the most important activities in new product development processes in that it greatly influences the direction of subsequent design activities. As a complex multiple-criteria decision-making problem, it often requires iterations before reaching the final decision where each selection is based on previous selection results. Reusing key decision elements ensures decision consistency between iterations and improves decision efficiency. To support this reuse, this paper proposes a fuzzy ontology-based decision tool for concept selection. It models the key decision elements and their relations in an ontological way and scores the concepts using weighted fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution). By applying the tool to an example, this paper demonstrates how the concepts, criteria, weights and results generated for one decision can be reused in the next iteration.
概念选择是新产品开发过程中最重要的活动之一,因为它在很大程度上影响着后续设计活动的方向。作为一个复杂的多标准决策问题,在做出最终决策之前往往需要反复迭代,而每次选择都要以之前的选择结果为基础。重复使用关键决策要素可确保迭代之间的决策一致性,并提高决策效率。为了支持这种重复使用,本文提出了一种基于模糊本体的概念选择决策工具。它以本体论的方式对关键决策要素及其关系进行建模,并使用加权模糊 TOPSIS(与理想解决方案相似度排序偏好技术)对概念进行评分。通过将该工具应用于一个实例,本文展示了如何在下一次迭代中重复使用为一个决策生成的概念、标准、权重和结果。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptual Configuration Analysis of Tetrahedral-Octahedral Heterogeneous Unit and Topological Design of Shape Morphing Mechanism 四面体-八面体异质单元的概念构型分析和形状变形机制的拓扑设计
Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065231
Weiming Guo, Hong Xiao, Hongwei Guo, Jianguo Tao, Zongquan Deng, Chuanyang Li
The truss static structure system has excellent large load and lightweight characteristics. It is easy to embed actuators by substituting specific members in the structure and has the potential for multi-dimensional space deformation. Inspired by uniform tessellation structures, this paper proposes a novel shape morphing mechanism (SMM) based on the combined design of tetrahedral-octahedral heterogeneous units (TOHUs). The relationship between the motion properties and driving configuration of the tetrahedral-octahedral units is analyzed to determine their conceptual configuration based on graph theory. Then, the weighted graph, adjacency matrix, and connection rules are evaluated to synthesize the conceptual structure for the truss mechanism. The results show that this configuration can allow multi-dimensional continuous deformations, including span, bend, sweep, and twist. A prototype is built to verify its deformability. Finally, the stiffness performance is analyzed based on Matrix displacement method. This research provides a comprehensive design method for constructing SMM, expands the range of combinable units and connection methods, and offers theoretical guidance for the innovative design of multi-dimensional deformation SMM in aerospace.
桁架式静力结构系统具有出色的大荷载和轻质特性。它易于通过替换结构中的特定构件来嵌入致动器,并具有多维空间变形的潜力。受均匀网格结构的启发,本文提出了一种基于四面体-八面体异质单元(TOHUs)组合设计的新型形状变形机制(SMM)。基于图论,分析了四面体-八面体单元的运动特性与驱动配置之间的关系,以确定其概念配置。然后,对加权图、邻接矩阵和连接规则进行评估,从而合成桁架机构的概念结构。结果表明,这种构型可以实现多维连续变形,包括跨度、弯曲、扫掠和扭曲。我们制作了一个原型来验证其变形能力。最后,基于矩阵位移法分析了其刚度性能。这项研究为构建 SMM 提供了全面的设计方法,扩大了可组合单元和连接方法的范围,为航空航天领域多维变形 SMM 的创新设计提供了理论指导。
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引用次数: 0
Latent crossover for data-driven multifidelity topology design 用于数据驱动的多保真拓扑设计的潜在交叉
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064979
Taisei Kii, K. Yaji, K. Fujita, Zhenghui Sha, Carolyn Seepersad
Topology optimization is one of the most flexible structural optimization methodologies. However, in exchange for its high level of design freedom, typical topology optimization cannot avoid multimodality, where multiple local optima exist. This study focuses on developing a gradient-free topology optimization framework to avoid being trapped in undesirable local optima. Its core is a data-driven multifidelity topology design (MFTD) method, in which the design candidates generated by solving low-fidelity topology optimization problems are updated through a deep generative model and high-fidelity evaluation. As its key component, the deep generative model compresses the original data into a low-dimensional manifold, i.e., the latent space, and randomly arranges new design candidates over the space. Although the original framework is gradient-free, its randomness may lead to convergence variability and premature convergence. Inspired by a popular crossover operation of evolutionary algorithms (EAs), this study merges the data-driven MFTD framework and proposes a new crossover operation called latent crossover. We apply the proposed method to a maximum stress minimization problem in 2D structural mechanics. The results demonstrate that the latent crossover improves convergence stability compared to the original data-driven MFTD method. Furthermore, the optimized designs exhibit performance comparable to or better than that in conventional gradient-based topology optimization using the P-norm measure.
拓扑优化是最灵活的结构优化方法之一。然而,作为高设计自由度的交换,典型的拓扑优化无法避免多模态,即存在多个局部最优。本研究的重点是开发一种无梯度拓扑优化框架,以避免陷入不理想的局部最优状态。其核心是数据驱动的多保真拓扑设计(MFTD)方法,即通过解决低保真拓扑优化问题生成的候选设计,通过深度生成模型和高保真评估进行更新。作为其关键组成部分,深度生成模型将原始数据压缩成低维流形,即潜在空间,并在空间上随机排列新的候选设计。虽然原始框架是无梯度的,但其随机性可能会导致收敛的不稳定性和过早收敛。受进化算法(EA)中一种流行的交叉操作的启发,本研究融合了数据驱动的 MFTD 框架,并提出了一种新的交叉操作,称为潜交叉。我们将提出的方法应用于二维结构力学中的最大应力最小化问题。结果表明,与原始的数据驱动 MFTD 方法相比,潜在交叉提高了收敛稳定性。此外,优化后的设计表现出与传统的基于梯度的拓扑优化(使用 P-norm 度量)相当或更好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
2023 Reviewers with Distinction Award 2023 年杰出评审员奖
Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064783
Carolyn Seepersad
The Editor and Editorial Board of the Journal of Mechanical Design would like to thank all of the reviewers for volunteering their expertise and time reviewing manuscripts in 2023. Serving as reviewers for the journal is a critical service necessary to maintain the quality of our publication and to provide the authors with a valuable peer review of their work. Below is a complete list of reviewers for 2023. We would also like to acknowledge four outstanding Reviewers of the Year and seven Reviewers with Distinction.
机械设计学报》编辑和编委会感谢所有审稿人在 2023 年自愿贡献自己的专业知识和时间审阅稿件。担任本刊审稿人是一项至关重要的服务,是保持刊物质量和为作者提供宝贵的同行评审所必需的。以下是 2023 年审稿人的完整名单。我们还要向四位杰出的年度审稿人和七位优秀审稿人表示感谢。
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引用次数: 0
2023 Reviewers 2023 年审查员
Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064784
Carolyn Seepersad
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Mechanical Design
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