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Reward and punishment learning among people with a lifetime history of anxiety, depression, and substance use disorder. 有焦虑、抑郁和物质使用障碍史的人的奖惩学习。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01331-y
Jeremy M Haynes, Holly Sullivan-Toole, Nathaniel Haines, Thomas M Olino

Reward and punishment learning are critical across multiple clinical populations. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is frequently used to assess these constructs and multiple forms of psychopathology are associated with IGT performance. However, it is not clear whether alterations in IGT performance are general to psychopathology or specific to different forms of psychopathology. Thus, we examined whether IGT performance was uniquely predicted by anxiety, depression, and substance use disorder. We tested a sample of adults (N = 293) on the play-or-pass version of the IGT. We characterized behavior using a hierarchical Bayesian computational model, formalizing parameters underlying task behavior. With the model, we examined unique associations between IGT performance and lifetime diagnostic history of anxiety, depression, and substance use disorder. Anxiety, but not depression or substance use, was associated with higher punishment learning rates, posterior mean β = 0.15, 95% CI [0.01, 0.28]. In addition, women showed lower punishment learning rates, posterior mean β =  - 0.17, 95% CI [- 0.3, - 0.03], and lower response bias, posterior mean β =  - 0.3, 95% CI [- 0.56, - 0.05]. The relation between punishment learning rates and history of anxiety was small; however, our findings were consistent with established findings in anxiety derived from self-report. In addition, only main effects of diagnostic status were examined; thus, future research should examine comorbidity between diagnoses on IGT performance. Overall, our findings are consistent with research showing that anxiety is associated with punishment avoidance. In addition, our behavioral findings with respect to gender are also consistent with previous research employing the IGT.

奖惩学习在多种临床人群中至关重要。爱荷华赌博任务(IGT)经常被用来评估这些结构,多种形式的精神病理与IGT的表现有关。然而,目前尚不清楚IGT表现的改变是一般精神病理还是特定于不同形式的精神病理。因此,我们研究了IGT表现是否由焦虑、抑郁和物质使用障碍唯一地预测。我们对成人样本(N = 293)进行了IGT“玩或传球”版本的测试。我们使用分层贝叶斯计算模型来描述行为,形式化任务行为的参数。通过该模型,我们研究了IGT表现与焦虑、抑郁和物质使用障碍的终生诊断史之间的独特关联。焦虑与较高的惩罚学习率相关,但与抑郁或物质使用无关,后验均值β = 0.15, 95% CI[0.01, 0.28]。此外,女性表现出较低的惩罚学习率,后验平均β = - 0.17, 95% CI[- 0.3, - 0.03],反应偏差较低,后验平均β = - 0.3, 95% CI[- 0.56, - 0.05]。惩罚学习率与焦虑史的关系较小;然而,我们的发现与来自自我报告的焦虑的既定发现是一致的。此外,仅检查了诊断状态的主要影响;因此,未来的研究应该检查IGT表现诊断之间的合并症。总的来说,我们的发现与表明焦虑与惩罚回避有关的研究是一致的。此外,我们关于性别的行为发现也与之前使用IGT的研究一致。
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引用次数: 0
Lower reward sensitivity in frontostriatal stroke: Influence of depression and resting-state functional connectivity. 额纹状体卒中的低奖赏敏感性:抑郁和静息状态功能连通性的影响。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01318-9
Ana Sánchez-Kuhn, Pilar Fernández-Martín, Rocío Rodríguez-Herrera, José García-Pinteño, José Juan León, Miguel Soto-Ontoso, Laura Amaya-Pascasio, María Alonso de Leciñana, Patricia Martínez-Sánchez, Pilar Flores

Stroke patients have shown low reward sensitivity, which is a transdiagnostic dimension that defines the extent to which a person actively pursues rewarding stimuli. Low reward sensitivity has been related to depression and dysregulation of the frontostriatal network. To date, studies have addressed this dimension in heterogenic stroke lesions and the underlying mechanisms of frontostriatal stroke patients are still unknown. This study included 54 participants (32 chronic frontostriatal stroke patients and 22 healthy controls). Reward sensitivity was assessed using the probabilistic reversal learning task. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Adult Self-Report, and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) was examined using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in prefrontal, motor, and parietal cortices. Group differences and predictors of reward sensitivity were analyzed using Bayesian ANCOVA and multiple regression models. Stroke patients displayed lower reward sensitivity, higher depressive problems, and lower resting-state functional connectivity between the right orbitrofrontal cortex and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the right orbitrofrontal cortex and the right dorsolateral prefrontal, and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right premotor cortex and supplementary motor area. In stroke patients, lower reward sensitivity was predicted by higher depressive problems and lower resting-state functional connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right premotor cortex and the right supplementary motor area. This work showed the relevance of reward sensitivity in frontostriatal post-stroke patients and its relationship with depression, and supports the resting-state functional connectivity measurement for characterizing abnormalities in connectivity in stroke patients.

中风患者表现出较低的奖励敏感性,这是一个跨诊断维度,定义了一个人积极追求奖励刺激的程度。低奖励敏感性与抑郁和额纹状体网络失调有关。迄今为止,研究已经在异质脑卒中病变中解决了这一问题,额纹状体脑卒中患者的潜在机制仍然未知。本研究包括54名参与者(32名慢性额纹状体卒中患者和22名健康对照)。使用概率反转学习任务评估奖励敏感性。使用成人自述量表测量抑郁症状,并使用功能近红外光谱(fNIRS)检测前额叶、运动和顶叶皮层的静息状态功能连通性(rsFC)。采用贝叶斯ANCOVA和多元回归模型对奖励敏感性的组间差异和预测因素进行分析。脑卒中患者表现出较低的奖励敏感性,较高的抑郁问题,以及较低的静息状态功能连通性,即右眼窝额叶皮层与左背外侧前额叶皮层、右眼窝额叶皮层与右背外侧前额叶皮层、右背外侧前额叶皮层与右前运动皮层和辅助运动区之间的连通性。在脑卒中患者中,较低的奖励敏感性与较高的抑郁问题和较低的静息状态功能连接有关,这些功能连接介于右背外侧前额叶皮层、右前运动皮层和右辅助运动区之间。本研究揭示了脑卒中后额纹状体奖赏敏感性的相关性及其与抑郁的关系,支持静息状态功能连通性测量表征脑卒中患者连通性异常。
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引用次数: 0
Stress awareness and decision-making under uncertainty: Gender-specific effects of mild hypoxia in the Iowa Gambling Task. 不确定性下的压力意识和决策:轻度缺氧对爱荷华赌博任务的性别影响。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01320-1
S Pighin, A Fornasiero, M Testoni, A Bogani, N Bonini, B Pellegrini, F Schena, L Savadori

Decision-making under uncertainty is a key cognitive function that is sensitive to acute stress. While prior studies have documented gender-specific effects of stress (i.e., typically increased risk-taking in males and greater caution in females), such findings have primarily emerged in conditions where participants were aware of the ongoing stressor. The present study explored whether stress awareness modulates gender differences in risk-taking by manipulating participants' awareness of being under mild hypoxia (i.e., reduced oxygen availability), a systemic stressor that often goes unnoticed by individuals. Sixty-four participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) under normoxic (fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) = 20.9%) and mildly hypoxic (FiO2 = 14.1%) conditions, with participants either being informed or uninformed about the stressor. Results indicated that when participants were aware of the stressor, males exhibited an increased selection of disadvantageous decks (corresponding to greater risk-taking in the IGT) under mild hypoxia, whereas females demonstrated a trend toward more cautious and advantageous choices. In contrast, when unaware of the stressor, both genders showed similar, modest increases in disadvantageous choices under hypoxia. These findings suggest that gender-specific coping strategies in risky decision-making are triggered by the conscious appraisal of stress, rather than by its mere physiological presence, and support theoretical models emphasizing the role of cognitive appraisal and internalized gender norms in shaping decision-making under stress.

不确定性下的决策是一项关键的认知功能,对急性应激敏感。虽然先前的研究已经记录了压力对性别的影响(即,男性通常更冒险,女性更谨慎),但这些发现主要出现在参与者意识到持续压力源的情况下。本研究探讨了压力意识是否通过操纵参与者对轻度缺氧(即氧气可用性降低)的意识来调节冒险行为的性别差异,轻度缺氧是一种通常被个体忽视的系统性压力源。64名参与者在常氧(吸入氧分数(FiO2) = 20.9%)和轻度缺氧(FiO2 = 14.1%)条件下完成了爱荷华赌博任务(IGT),参与者被告知或不被告知压力源。结果表明,当参与者意识到压力源时,男性在轻度缺氧下表现出更多的不利甲板选择(对应于更大的IGT风险),而女性则表现出更谨慎和有利的选择趋势。相反,当没有意识到压力源时,男女在缺氧条件下的不利选择表现出相似的适度增加。这些发现表明,风险决策中的性别特异性应对策略是由对压力的有意识评估触发的,而不仅仅是由压力的生理存在触发的,并支持强调认知评估和内化性别规范在压力下形成决策中的作用的理论模型。
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引用次数: 0
Spontaneous activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex supporting self-control mediates the relationship between future time perspective and procrastination. 支持自我控制的背外侧前额叶皮层的自发活动介导了未来时间观与拖延症之间的关系。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01338-5
Jian Lu, Rong Zhang, Tingting Tong, Tingyong Feng

Procrastination is a maladaptive behavior associated with a wide range of negative life outcomes, such as poorer educational and occupational performance, and lower levels of physical and mental health. Although previous research has demonstrated that individuals with heightened future time perspective (FTP) exhibit reduced procrastination, the cognitive and neural bases of this relationship remain unclear. Drawing on the self-regulatory framework of time perspective, the present study used two large independent samples (N1 = 447, N2 = 459) to test whether self-control and its underlying neural substrates mediate the relationship between FTP and procrastination. Participants were recruited to undergo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and complete questionnaires assessing FTP, procrastination, and self-control. Behavioral results from both samples indicated that self-control partially mediated the association between FTP and procrastination. Whole-brain correlation analysis in Sample 1 further revealed that self-control was associated with greater amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Notably, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the left DLPFC was also found to mediate the FTP-procrastination relationship in both samples. The current study provides considerable evidence that spontaneous activity in the DLPFC, which supports self-control, serves as a neural substrate mediating the association between FTP and procrastination.

拖延症是一种适应不良的行为,与一系列负面的生活结果有关,比如较差的教育和职业表现,以及较低的身心健康水平。尽管先前的研究表明,具有更高未来时间观(FTP)的个体表现出较少的拖延症,但这种关系的认知和神经基础尚不清楚。本研究利用时间视角的自我调节框架,采用两个大的独立样本(N1 = 447, N2 = 459)来检验自我控制及其潜在的神经底物是否在FTP和拖延之间起中介作用。参与者接受静息状态功能磁共振成像,并完成评估FTP、拖延症和自我控制的问卷。两个样本的行为结果都表明,自我控制在FTP与拖延之间起到部分中介作用。样本1的全脑相关分析进一步揭示了自我控制与左背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)低频波动幅度较大相关。值得注意的是,在两个样本中,左侧DLPFC的低频波动幅度也被发现调解了ftp -拖延关系。目前的研究提供了相当多的证据,证明支持自我控制的DLPFC的自发活动是介导FTP和拖延症之间联系的神经基质。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of taVNS on physiological responses and cognitive performance during a mental stressor. taVNS对精神应激时生理反应和认知表现的影响。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01341-w
Lisa Drost, André Schulz, Auriane Möck, Claus Vögele

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) affects autonomic function and enhances cognitive performance by increasing vagal activation and central noradrenergic activity. Nevertheless, the impact of taVNS on acute mental stress remains largely unexplored. This study examined whether taVNS can mitigate the acute sympathetic stress response and improve cognitive performance during a socially evaluated version of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT). The PASAT is a demanding task that assesses working memory and divided attention and serves as a potent stressor. Forty-one young healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either taVNS stimulation (n = 21) at the left cymba conchae or a sham stimulation (n = 20) at the ear lobe. Participants received 15-min stimulation before they were challenged with the PASAT while the stimulation continued. Electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity and self-reports of stress and anxiety were collected. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation increased heart rate variability and sympathetic electrodermal activity during the stimulation. Self-reports, cognitive performance and physiological stress responses remained unaffected by taVNS. Physiological measures were highly intercorrelated in participants receiving taVNS. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation did not influence physiological, psychological or behavioral responses to an acute mental/social stressor. The strong intercorrelation between sympathetic and parasympathetic indexes in the taVNS group, however, suggests that taVNS improves autonomic regulation in healthy participants.

经皮耳迷走神经刺激(taVNS)通过增加迷走神经激活和中枢去甲肾上腺素能活性来影响自主神经功能和增强认知能力。然而,taVNS对急性精神压力的影响在很大程度上仍未被探索。本研究考察了taVNS是否能减轻急性交感应激反应,并改善社会评价版的有节奏听觉序列加法任务(PASAT)中的认知表现。PASAT是一项要求很高的任务,评估工作记忆和分散注意力,是一种强有力的压力源。41名年轻健康的志愿者被随机分配接受左耳蜗taVNS刺激(n = 21)或耳垂假刺激(n = 20)。参与者接受了15分钟的刺激,然后再进行PASAT挑战,而刺激仍在继续。收集心电图、皮电活动和应激、焦虑自我报告。经皮耳迷走神经刺激增加心率变异性和交感皮肤电活动。自我报告、认知表现和生理应激反应不受taVNS的影响。生理指标在接受taVNS的参与者中高度相关。经皮耳迷走神经刺激对急性精神/社会应激源的生理、心理或行为反应没有影响。然而,taVNS组交感神经和副交感神经指数之间的强相关性表明,taVNS改善了健康参与者的自主神经调节。
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引用次数: 0
Neural correlates of interoception and mindful attention on stressful events. 压力事件中内感受和正念注意的神经关联。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01339-4
Sarah De Coninck, Bart Aben, Eva Van den Bussche, Frank Van Overwalle, Peter Mariën

Many studies have explored the neural correlates and benefits of mindfulness, but have rarely focused on its components. This neuroimaging study investigates two components of a short mindfulness training, namely interoception and mindful attention, compared to immersion as an active control condition. Healthy participants were trained in three conditions: (1) interoception, (2) mindful attention of bodily sensations, and (3) immersion. In the scanner, participants read and imagined stressful self-relevant events while adopting one of these three strategies and rated subjective arousal. Participants felt the least aroused in the mindful attention condition compared to both immersion and interoception. Compared to immersion, interoception decreased activation in regions of the Default Mode Network (DMN), including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)/medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), precuneus, angular gyrus, and hippocampus, while mindful attention increased activation in regions related to the sensation of bodily states, such as the bilateral insula. Although the results broadly align with prior research, we argue that inconsistent past findings concerning the amygdala and insula activation might be due to a differential focus on mindfulness components. We discuss other explanations for our results, including differences in prior mindfulness experience.

许多研究探索了正念的神经关联和益处,但很少关注其组成部分。本神经影像学研究调查了短期正念训练的两个组成部分,即内感受和正念注意力,与沉浸作为主动控制条件进行比较。健康的参与者在三种条件下接受训练:(1)内感受,(2)正念注意身体感觉,(3)沉浸。在扫描仪中,参与者在采用这三种策略中的一种时,阅读和想象与自我相关的压力事件,并对主观唤醒进行评分。与沉浸和内感受相比,参与者在正念注意力条件下的兴奋程度最低。与浸泡相比,内感受减少了默认模式网络(DMN)区域的激活,包括前扣带皮层(ACC)/内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)、楔前叶、角回和海马,而正念注意增加了与身体状态感觉相关的区域的激活,如双侧岛。尽管结果与先前的研究大致一致,但我们认为,过去关于杏仁核和脑岛激活的不一致的发现可能是由于对正念成分的不同关注。我们讨论了对我们的结果的其他解释,包括先前正念经验的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Neural evidence of task efficacy affecting cognitive control in test-anxious individuals. 任务效能影响考试焦虑个体认知控制的神经证据。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01329-6
Yuhong Ou, Renlai Zhou

Recent studies have found cognitive control deficits in high test anxiety (HTA) individuals, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Guided by the Expected Value of Control (EVC) model, this study used a mixed factorial design to examine how task efficacy influences cognitive control in individuals with HTA. We utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) in a cued Flanker task, manipulating the evaluative threat context and task difficulty. Behavioral results showed that in threat contexts, HTA individuals exhibited longer reaction times in the Flanker task and lower accuracy in high-conflict conditions compared to low test anxiety (LTA) individuals. The results of ERP showed that during cue processing, HTA individuals exhibited exaggerated contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitudes across all difficulty cues in nonthreat contexts, suggesting excessive preparatory activity and resource allocation. However, in threat contexts, CNV amplitudes were significantly reduced, reflecting inadequate cognitive resource mobilization. During cognitive control processing, HTA individuals exhibited more negative N2 amplitudes in high-conflict conditions in nonthreat contexts, suggesting enhanced cognitive control. In contrast, in threat contexts, their N2 amplitudes were significantly more positive than those of LTA individuals, indicating impaired cognitive control. The study found that HTA individuals overinvested cognitive resources in nonthreat contexts but reduced investment in threat contexts, possibly due to lower perceptions of efficacy, which may have impaired cognitive control. This research extended the application of the EVC model, provided new theoretical insights into the mechanisms of cognitive control deficits in test anxiety, and informed targeted interventions.

最近的研究发现,高考试焦虑(HTA)个体存在认知控制缺陷,但其潜在机制仍不完全清楚。在控制期望值(EVC)模型的指导下,本研究采用混合因子设计来研究任务效能如何影响HTA个体的认知控制。我们利用事件相关电位(erp)在提示侧卫任务中,操纵评估性威胁情境和任务难度。行为结果显示,在威胁情境下,HTA个体在侧卫任务中表现出较长的反应时间,在高冲突条件下表现出较低的准确性。ERP结果显示,在线索加工过程中,HTA个体在非威胁情境下对所有难度线索的应变负变异(CNV)幅度均表现出夸大,表明其准备活动和资源分配过度。然而,在威胁情境下,CNV振幅显著降低,反映了认知资源动员不足。在认知控制加工过程中,HTA个体在非威胁情境下表现出更多的负N2波幅,表明HTA个体的认知控制能力增强。相反,在威胁情境下,他们的N2振幅显著高于LTA个体,表明认知控制受损。研究发现,HTA个体在非威胁情境中过度投入认知资源,但在威胁情境中却减少了投入,这可能是由于对有效性的认知较低,这可能损害了认知控制。本研究扩展了EVC模型的应用范围,为考试焦虑认知控制缺陷的机制提供了新的理论见解,并为有针对性的干预提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Examining working and episodic memory in young adults with anhedonia. 年轻成人快感缺乏症的工作记忆和情景记忆研究。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01315-y
Sofia Uribe, Holly J Bowen, Alicia E Meuret

Depression is associated with impairments in memory processes. Evidence suggests that poorer recognition of positive information and quicker disengagement with positive information from working memory in depressed versus nondepressed individuals. The working memory deficits are speculated to be downstream effects of a taxed working memory due to rumination processes that impair reward learning leading to anhedonia symptoms. Downstream effects are also hypothesized for episodic memory with impairments particularly for positive information due to dopamine dysregulation from anhedonia affecting memory formation processes. To examine the association of memory impairments in individuals with mild-to-severe anhedonia and depressive symptoms, 108 young adults completed a working memory task where they had to remember an abstract shape while presented with two consecutive positive, neutral, or negative images. This task was followed by a surprise episodic memory recognition test for the images the next day. The Drift Diffusion Model index drift rate was used to examine whether anhedonia severity predicted evidence accumulation rates during working and episodic memory retrieval. Contrary to expectations, based on multivariate models, anhedonia severity did not predict evidence accumulation rate for any specific valence in either task. These results suggest that anhedonia symptoms may not be uniquely associated with memory differences for emotionally valenced compared with neutral stimuli. Further studies should investigate the role of specific facets of anhedonia, including anticipatory reward and use different paradigms and neurophysiological measures, to examine the proposed hypotheses.

抑郁症与记忆过程的损伤有关。有证据表明,与非抑郁症患者相比,抑郁症患者对工作记忆中积极信息的识别能力更差,对积极信息的脱离速度更快。据推测,工作记忆缺陷是由于反刍过程损害奖励学习导致的工作记忆负荷的下游效应,从而导致快感缺乏症状。下游效应也被假设为情景记忆受损,特别是积极信息,由于多巴胺失调从快感缺乏影响记忆形成过程。为了研究患有轻度到重度快感缺乏和抑郁症状的个体的记忆障碍之间的联系,108名年轻人完成了一项工作记忆任务,他们必须在看到两个连续的积极、中性或消极图像的同时记住一个抽象的形状。这项任务之后,第二天对这些图像进行了意外的情景记忆识别测试。漂移扩散模型指数漂移率被用来检验快感缺乏严重程度是否预测工作记忆和情景记忆检索中的证据积累率。与预期相反,基于多变量模型,快感缺乏严重程度并不能预测任何特定效价在两项任务中的证据积累率。这些结果表明,与中性刺激相比,快感缺乏症状可能不是唯一与情绪效价记忆差异相关的。进一步的研究应该调查快感缺乏的特定方面的作用,包括预期奖励,并使用不同的范式和神经生理学测量来检验所提出的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Role of left lateral prefrontal cortex in positive emotion regulation: Insights from dyslexia. 左外侧前额叶皮层在积极情绪调节中的作用:来自阅读障碍的见解。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01335-8
Eleanor R Palser, Nathaniel A Morris, Christina R Veziris, Sarah R Holley, Amie Wallman-Jones, Ashlin R K Roy, Abigail E Licata, Mieke Voges, Christa Watson Pereira, Maria Luisa Mandelli, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Virginia E Sturm

Emotion regulation emerges during childhood and engages prefrontal brain systems. While most developmental studies focus on the neural underpinnings of negative emotion regulation, less is known about the neuroanatomical correlates of positive emotion regulation. In adults, prefrontal areas in the left hemisphere are critical for positive emotion regulation, but whether this association is present in children is unknown. We investigated whether smaller gray matter volume in left prefrontal regions related to worse positive emotion regulation in children with and without dyslexia. Because dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of reading in which there may be greater variability in left prefrontal structures, it offers a unique window into the neural basis of positive emotion regulation. Sixty-nine children (ages 7-13) were asked to hide their feelings while watching film clips that elicited either amusement or disgust, and evaluate their emotion regulation performance. Parents reported on children's everyday emotion regulation. Across the sample, children with smaller volumes in left prefrontal regions (i.e., lateral orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) had greater facial behavior (i.e., suggesting worse positive emotion regulation) yet more positive self-reported emotion regulation success during the amusement trial (i.e., suggesting more favorable self-evaluation). These regions did not relate to disgust regulation, however. Children with more positive views of their emotion regulation success also had better everyday parent-reported emotion regulation. Results suggest that positive emotion regulation in childhood relies on left prefrontal regions and a more optimistic view of one's emotion regulation abilities, regardless of one's actual emotional behavior, may confer real-world advantages.

情绪调节出现在儿童时期,涉及前额叶大脑系统。虽然大多数发育研究集中在消极情绪调节的神经基础上,但对积极情绪调节的神经解剖学相关性知之甚少。在成人中,左半球的前额叶区域对积极情绪调节至关重要,但这种关联是否存在于儿童中尚不清楚。我们研究了在有或没有阅读障碍的儿童中,左前额叶区域灰质体积较小是否与较差的积极情绪调节有关。因为失读症是一种阅读的神经发育障碍,其中左前额叶结构可能有更大的可变性,它为研究积极情绪调节的神经基础提供了一个独特的窗口。69名儿童(7-13岁)被要求在观看引起娱乐或厌恶的电影片段时隐藏自己的情绪,并评估他们的情绪调节表现。父母报告了孩子的日常情绪调节。在整个样本中,左侧前额叶区域(即外侧眼窝前额叶皮层和背外侧前额叶皮层)体积较小的儿童在娱乐试验中有更大的面部行为(即,表明积极情绪调节更差),但更积极的自我报告情绪调节成功(即,表明更有利的自我评价)。然而,这些区域与厌恶调节无关。对自己的情绪调节成功持更积极看法的孩子,在父母的日常情绪调节报告中也表现得更好。结果表明,童年时期的积极情绪调节依赖于左前额叶区域,而不管一个人的实际情绪行为如何,对自己的情绪调节能力持更乐观的看法可能会带来现实世界的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Neural response to social feedback and internalizing dimensions. 社会反馈的神经反应与内化维度。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-025-01317-w
Sarah B Barkley, Brady D Nelson

Background: A growing literature has examined the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential indicator of reward sensitivity, to social feedback. Research has indicated that a larger RewP to social rejection is associated with multiple internalizing problems, including anxiety, depression, and borderline personality. However, it is not clear whether the similar relationships are due to higher-order transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology.

Methods: A total of 222 participants, 18 to 35 years (mean [M] = 23.06, standard deviation [SD] = 3.82; 86% assigned sex female), who were oversampled for psychopathology completed two social feedback tasks while electroencephalography was recorded to measure the RewP to social like (i.e., acceptance) and dislike (i.e., rejection) feedback. Participants also completed a self-report measure of pathological personality traits relevant to internalizing disorders, which was used to estimate a hierarchical model of internalizing psychopathology. We calculated direct, indirect, and total effects of the RewPs to social like and dislike feedback on higher-order (i.e., negative emotionality) and lower-order (i.e., traits) psychopathology.

Results: The results indicated a positive direct effect of the social dislike RewP on higher-order negative emotionality. There were several positive indirect effects of the social dislike RewP on maladaptive traits. The social like RewP did not show any direct or indirect associations with negative emotionality or traits.

Conclusions: The present study suggests that a larger neural response to social rejection is associated with greater higher-order negative emotionality. The RewP to negative social feedback may serve as a transdiagnostic marker of altered social information processing across internalizing disorders.

背景:越来越多的文献研究了奖励积极性(RewP),奖励敏感性的事件相关潜在指标,对社会反馈。研究表明,对社会排斥的较大RewP与多种内化问题有关,包括焦虑、抑郁和边缘型人格。然而,尚不清楚是否类似的关系是由于精神病理学的高阶跨诊断维度。方法:222名参与者,年龄18 ~ 35岁(平均[M] = 23.06,标准差[SD] = 3.82;(86%指定性别女性),他们完成了两项社会反馈任务,同时记录脑电图来测量对社会喜欢(即接受)和不喜欢(即拒绝)反馈的RewP。参与者还完成了与内化障碍相关的病理人格特征的自我报告测量,用于估计内化精神病理学的层次模型。我们计算了RewPs对高阶(即消极情绪)和低阶(即特质)精神病理的社会喜欢和不喜欢反馈的直接、间接和总影响。结果:社会厌恶对高阶负性情绪有正向的直接影响。社会厌恶对适应不良性状有若干正向间接影响。像RewP这样的社交活动没有显示出与负面情绪或特征有任何直接或间接的联系。结论:对社会排斥的神经反应越大,高阶负性情绪越高。对负面社会反馈的RewP可作为内化障碍中社会信息加工改变的跨诊断标记。
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引用次数: 0
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Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
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