Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-32-35
E. I. Marukovich, V. Stetsenko, A. Stetsenko
It is shown that the main modifying intermetallides of primary microcrystals of aluminum alloys do not satisfy the principle of structural and dimensional correspondence. Nonmetallic inclusions and intermetallides cannot be centers of crystallization of metallic melts. These centers are nanostructured formations formed from structure‑forming nanocrystals of crystallizing microcrystals of phases and free atoms of alloy components. Such crystallization centers of metal melts satisfy the principle of structural and dimensional correspondence. The main mechanism of action of casting alloy modifiers is a significant decrease in the concentration of surfactants, which reduce the concentration of crystallization centers of metal melts.
{"title":"About the crystallization centers of metal melts","authors":"E. I. Marukovich, V. Stetsenko, A. Stetsenko","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-32-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-32-35","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that the main modifying intermetallides of primary microcrystals of aluminum alloys do not satisfy the principle of structural and dimensional correspondence. Nonmetallic inclusions and intermetallides cannot be centers of crystallization of metallic melts. These centers are nanostructured formations formed from structure‑forming nanocrystals of crystallizing microcrystals of phases and free atoms of alloy components. Such crystallization centers of metal melts satisfy the principle of structural and dimensional correspondence. The main mechanism of action of casting alloy modifiers is a significant decrease in the concentration of surfactants, which reduce the concentration of crystallization centers of metal melts.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-69-77
A. Anisovich
The article discusses stains from water and reagents, as well as false structures that occur on the surface of metal and alloy samples during metallographic sample preparation and etching. The appearance of such artifacts under bright‑field illumination and when using optical contrasting techniques such as dark‑field and polarized light is demonstrated.
{"title":"Artifacts in metallography: stains on the surface of metallographic samples","authors":"A. Anisovich","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-69-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-69-77","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses stains from water and reagents, as well as false structures that occur on the surface of metal and alloy samples during metallographic sample preparation and etching. The appearance of such artifacts under bright‑field illumination and when using optical contrasting techniques such as dark‑field and polarized light is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-16-19
E. B. Demchenko, E. I. Marukovich
It is shown that devices in the form of a water‑cooled metal mold with a graphite lining, which is located on the upper surface of the casting close to the end of the crystallizer, can serve as an alternative to secondary water‑air cooling systems in horizontal continuous casting. The effectiveness of the cooling capacity of the molds was evaluated during industrial tests of the devices in the process of casting iron. It has been established that the use of water‑cooled molds allows reducing the surface temperature at vulnerable points of the casting by 20–70 °C, increasing the average casting speed for individual billet sizes within 5–8 % almost eliminating shell breakout and eliminating the need for traditional secondary cooling systems.
{"title":"Horizontal casting cooling beyond the crystallizer","authors":"E. B. Demchenko, E. I. Marukovich","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-16-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-16-19","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that devices in the form of a water‑cooled metal mold with a graphite lining, which is located on the upper surface of the casting close to the end of the crystallizer, can serve as an alternative to secondary water‑air cooling systems in horizontal continuous casting. The effectiveness of the cooling capacity of the molds was evaluated during industrial tests of the devices in the process of casting iron. It has been established that the use of water‑cooled molds allows reducing the surface temperature at vulnerable points of the casting by 20–70 °C, increasing the average casting speed for individual billet sizes within 5–8 % almost eliminating shell breakout and eliminating the need for traditional secondary cooling systems.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"323 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-51-54
V. P. Fetisov
The relative narrowing of the heat‑treated pearlite steel billet characterizes the overall level of plastic and technological properties of the cold‑formed wire with large total compressions. The reduction of the interplate distance during heat treatment and during plastic deformation is increased, and the loss during repeated drawing of the plate structure with an increase in the density of dislocations inside the cells in ferrite and an additional decrease in the mobility of dislocations when they are blocked by carbon atoms during the decay of cementite reduce the plasticity of cold‑formed pearlite steel.
{"title":"Control of plasticity of high‑strength condition of cold‑formed pearlitic steel","authors":"V. P. Fetisov","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-51-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-51-54","url":null,"abstract":"The relative narrowing of the heat‑treated pearlite steel billet characterizes the overall level of plastic and technological properties of the cold‑formed wire with large total compressions. The reduction of the interplate distance during heat treatment and during plastic deformation is increased, and the loss during repeated drawing of the plate structure with an increase in the density of dislocations inside the cells in ferrite and an additional decrease in the mobility of dislocations when they are blocked by carbon atoms during the decay of cementite reduce the plasticity of cold‑formed pearlite steel.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"205 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-55-59
J. O. Olimzhonov, N. I. Sherbutayev, A. S. Tataru
The paper presents an analysis of the methodology for calculating the parameters of hot‑rolled low‑carbon steel strip on a 1600 wide strip mill. Based on the analysis, a computer program for quick calculation of rolling parameters has been developed. A solid‑state model was constructed and the rolling process was simulated in the QForm environment. A comparative analysis was carried out with the passport data of the “Danieli” unit based on the modeling results. The obtained modeling results do not exceed the maximum allowable deviations for rolling force and geometric parameters of the hot‑rolled strip.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of hot‑rolled sheet rolling process modeling results in QForm VX environment with technical characteristics of the hot strip mill of JSC “Uzmetkombinat”","authors":"J. O. Olimzhonov, N. I. Sherbutayev, A. S. Tataru","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-55-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-55-59","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of the methodology for calculating the parameters of hot‑rolled low‑carbon steel strip on a 1600 wide strip mill. Based on the analysis, a computer program for quick calculation of rolling parameters has been developed. A solid‑state model was constructed and the rolling process was simulated in the QForm environment. A comparative analysis was carried out with the passport data of the “Danieli” unit based on the modeling results. The obtained modeling results do not exceed the maximum allowable deviations for rolling force and geometric parameters of the hot‑rolled strip.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"269 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-47-50
O. Y. Khodosovskaya, L. V. Ovsyanikova, T. V. Gapeenko
The task of modern science and technology is to develop new and improve the characteristics of already used materials for the production of competitive products. Due to the reorientation of sales markets and the search for alternative suppliers of carbide tools, OJSC “BSW – Management Company of “BMK” Holding” began cooperation with Chinese firms‑manufacturers/ suppliers of carbide blanks. The article examines the features of the microstructure of carbide blanks. The blanks differ from the serially used blanks in microstructure, in particular, in the class of tungsten carbide grain. This is explained by the fact that grades of alloy with nanoscale tungsten carbide grain are used for the production of blanks to achieve the necessary durability during operation. The features in the microstructure of the hard alloy also led to changes in the “density” parameter towards reduction, which is also inherent in all Chinese blanks and does not affect their operational properties. Inhibitors of grain growth – transition metal carbides, for example, VC, Cr2C3, NbC, TaC are added to hard alloy mixtures to prevent grain growth during sintering. Recently, there has been a trend towards introducing TaC + TiC additives into WC–Co alloys, which prevent grain growth and have a negligible effect on all other properties of hard alloys.
{"title":"Features of microstructure of carbide blanks","authors":"O. Y. Khodosovskaya, L. V. Ovsyanikova, T. V. Gapeenko","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-47-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-47-50","url":null,"abstract":"The task of modern science and technology is to develop new and improve the characteristics of already used materials for the production of competitive products. Due to the reorientation of sales markets and the search for alternative suppliers of carbide tools, OJSC “BSW – Management Company of “BMK” Holding” began cooperation with Chinese firms‑manufacturers/ suppliers of carbide blanks. The article examines the features of the microstructure of carbide blanks. The blanks differ from the serially used blanks in microstructure, in particular, in the class of tungsten carbide grain. This is explained by the fact that grades of alloy with nanoscale tungsten carbide grain are used for the production of blanks to achieve the necessary durability during operation. The features in the microstructure of the hard alloy also led to changes in the “density” parameter towards reduction, which is also inherent in all Chinese blanks and does not affect their operational properties. Inhibitors of grain growth – transition metal carbides, for example, VC, Cr2C3, NbC, TaC are added to hard alloy mixtures to prevent grain growth during sintering. Recently, there has been a trend towards introducing TaC + TiC additives into WC–Co alloys, which prevent grain growth and have a negligible effect on all other properties of hard alloys.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-13-15
E. I. Marukovich, V. Stetsenko, A. Stetsenko
A nanostructural mechanism for recrystallization of carbon steels has been developed. First, structure‑forming nanocrystals of austenite, ferrite and cementite are formed from elementary nanocrystals of iron and graphite, free iron and carbon atoms. The crystallization centers of microcrystals of phases are formed from them. From these centers, structure‑forming nanocrystals of phases, free iron and carbon atoms, microcrystals of austenite, ferrite and cementite of carbon steels are formed.
{"title":"The mechanism of recrystallization of carbon steels","authors":"E. I. Marukovich, V. Stetsenko, A. Stetsenko","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-13-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-13-15","url":null,"abstract":"A nanostructural mechanism for recrystallization of carbon steels has been developed. First, structure‑forming nanocrystals of austenite, ferrite and cementite are formed from elementary nanocrystals of iron and graphite, free iron and carbon atoms. The crystallization centers of microcrystals of phases are formed from them. From these centers, structure‑forming nanocrystals of phases, free iron and carbon atoms, microcrystals of austenite, ferrite and cementite of carbon steels are formed.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"2015 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-60-62
V. P. Fetisov
An increase in the relative elongation with an increase in the ferrite grain size is due to an increase in the intensity of deformation hardening in the area of uniform deformation. An increase in the relative narrowing with a decrease in the size of the ferrite grain is associated with the predominant direction of expansion of the central crack along the axis of tension and with a decrease in the intensity of deformation hardening in the area of local deformation.
{"title":". Structural aspects of the diverse formation of plastic properties of fine and coarse‑grained low‑carbon steel.","authors":"V. P. Fetisov","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-60-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-60-62","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in the relative elongation with an increase in the ferrite grain size is due to an increase in the intensity of deformation hardening in the area of uniform deformation. An increase in the relative narrowing with a decrease in the size of the ferrite grain is associated with the predominant direction of expansion of the central crack along the axis of tension and with a decrease in the intensity of deformation hardening in the area of local deformation.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"159 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-78-82
N. I. Urbanovich, K. E. Baranovsky, V. Dashkevich, A. A. Zhumaev
This article presents the findings of research on the impact of thermal diffusion galvanizing duration and the particle size of zinc dust waste in the galvanizing mixture on the properties and structure of the zinc coating. The study focuses on coating characteristics, such as microstructure and particle distribution.
{"title":"Research of the influence of technological parameters of thermal diffusion zincaming in the Znотх–Al2O3 system on the properties and microstructure of the coating","authors":"N. I. Urbanovich, K. E. Baranovsky, V. Dashkevich, A. A. Zhumaev","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-78-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-78-82","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the findings of research on the impact of thermal diffusion galvanizing duration and the particle size of zinc dust waste in the galvanizing mixture on the properties and structure of the zinc coating. The study focuses on coating characteristics, such as microstructure and particle distribution.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-26-31
V. I. Chechukha, M. A. Sadokha
The article presents a list of defects in castings formed during high‑pressure casting. It has been established that each cause that creates conditions for the formation of specific defects in castings is interconnected with the incorrect setting of specific casting technological parameters. Measures to prevent the formation of defects have been determined depending on the casting technological parameters, operating modes of the mold, application of release lubricant, and alloy preparation. To ensure high quality of produced castings, it is necessary to minimize the influence of the human factor during the casting process. This can be achieved by using modern foundry equipment, high‑quality charge and auxiliary materials, and by applying automated high‑pressure casting complexes in serial and mass production.
{"title":"Defects in castings during high‑pressure casting and measures to prevent their formation","authors":"V. I. Chechukha, M. A. Sadokha","doi":"10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-26-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2024-1-26-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a list of defects in castings formed during high‑pressure casting. It has been established that each cause that creates conditions for the formation of specific defects in castings is interconnected with the incorrect setting of specific casting technological parameters. Measures to prevent the formation of defects have been determined depending on the casting technological parameters, operating modes of the mold, application of release lubricant, and alloy preparation. To ensure high quality of produced castings, it is necessary to minimize the influence of the human factor during the casting process. This can be achieved by using modern foundry equipment, high‑quality charge and auxiliary materials, and by applying automated high‑pressure casting complexes in serial and mass production.","PeriodicalId":506783,"journal":{"name":"Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY)","volume":"2005 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：