Clinical Anatomy最新文献

In classical gross anatomy instruction, we do not routinely discuss physical beauty and shape in anatomy. However, beauty and shape in anatomy, particularly in certain regions of the body, are of primary interest to aesthetic plastic surgeons. In recent years, a remarkable increase has occurred in patients' requests for gluteal augmentation procedures to reshape their buttocks into what they surmise will result in a more attractive form than what they currently display. Accordingly, there are many articles in the plastic surgery literature that attempt to define the ideal buttocks (mainly for women, but also for men). These articles routinely provide information on how gluteal anatomy defines the appearance of the buttocks and how this anatomy can be modified to produce a more ideal buttocks postoperatively. In some cases, these articles also refer to putative anatomical structures that are not in the normal anatomical lexicon (e.g., fat compartments). Here, we review the pertinent articles in the cosmetic surgery literature that relate buttock beauty to the underlying anatomy with the aim of instructing anatomists how plastic surgeons determine buttock anatomical beauty and some of the uncommon anatomical features that they rely upon.

While some health science professional programs may utilize a team to teach anatomy, they are often anatomists or professionals from the same field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspectives of health professional students on the incorporation of interdisciplinary team teaching comprised primarily of an anatomist, physical therapist, and a medical doctor to collectively teach a small group anatomy curriculum. The medical students (MS; N _{Class of 2025} = 179 and N _{Class of 2026} = 174), dental students (DS; N _{Class of 2027} = 90), and physical therapy students (PT; N _{Class of 2027} = 25) were enrolled in a human anatomy course between January 2023 and December 2023 and were invited to participate in this survey. Most students affirmed that each team member provided diverse perspectives to apply the anatomy to clinical settings, offering valuable insights and guidance for upper-level courses and their careers. They acknowledged that different team members excelled in specific content areas, and even though students did not often specifically target a faculty member for various topics, collectively, the diverse teaching team aided in facilitating a well-rounded learning experience. Students expressed high satisfaction with their professional school anatomy course, which was co-taught by an interdisciplinary team. Although students had access to faculty from different professions, they generally did not seek out specific faculty for field-related inquiries. They preferred to interact with the main teaching faculty, which included the primary anatomist, medical doctor, and physical therapist.

Given the challenges of teaching and learning anatomy, it is vital to explore tools that enhance knowledge and understanding. In line with this need, this study aimed to develop a web-based learning module with ChatGPT-based artificial intelligence-supported virtual manipulatives to enhance anatomy education and assess its efficacy. The ADDIE model was adopted for the instructional design process. By employing a mixed-method research design, the effects of this learning module on the students' academic achievement, cognitive load, retention, and perceptions were analyzed. In the quantitative research phase, a quasi-experimental pre- and posttest design was used to examine the effects of academic achievement and cognitive load, using the academic achievement test and cognitive load scale. Qualitative data were gathered via an interview form developed by the researchers. The results of the research demonstrate that the instructional design model that incorporates artificial intelligence-based virtual manipulatives, is an effective approach to learning anatomy, with a notable impact on academic achievement and a reduction in cognitive load. While the students' perceptions of their educational experiences showed that the usability of the web module was well-received and ChatGPT was adopted as a study companion, both positive and negative comments were made regarding the use of virtual manipulatives and ChatGPT. This study suggests that AI and virtual manipulatives may offer a promising alternative to traditional learning, providing an innovative framework for teaching and learning of anatomy.

The increasing adoption of digital tools has transformed how learning and teaching are delivered in anatomy. Digital anatomy is maturing from its nascent nature and emerges as a new discipline of great importance. This article discusses topical areas in digital anatomy education pertinent to the development of the anatomical science discipline in the future.

The ossification of carotico-clinoid ligament (CCL) has been claimed to be a risk factor for blood flow compromise in the corresponding internal carotid artery (ICA). Despite its seriousness, this concept has not been distinctly examined in the literature. A systematic review following the PRISMA-statement was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Neurosurgery Atlas GPT for the terms "carotico-clinoid ligament and foramen" in various formats. The clinical role of these structures (focusing on blood flow in ICA) was examined. A global survey targeting neuro-related doctors was conducted to capture the current perspectives of professionals in the field about these structures regarding compromising blood supply to ICA. A bibliometric analysis using Vos viewer was performed to visualize the status of these structures in literature. 59 publications were identified from 1935 through 2024 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Neurosurgery Atlas GPT databases. The majority of these publications came out in the last 12 years. No case reports supported the claim that ossified CCL could compromise the ICA and brain blood supply. There were 63 respondents from 14 different countries who addressed the questionnaire. Responses from five neuro-related specialties were analyzed, but neurologists (zero respondents). No one reported personal experience or awareness that CCF could compromise blood flow to the ICA. Vos viewer analysis showed that endoscopic neurosurgical approaches enhanced the understanding of CCL in the last decade. No evidence was found to support that the ossified CCL could compromise the ICA or brain blood supply.

Reports of visualization of the stellate ganglion via magnetic resonance imaging date back to the early 1990s. However, such imaging has not been fully utilized, presumably due to vagueness of its topographic anatomy, small size, suboptimal image quality, and limited reproducibility. Considering the recent advancements in the field of neuroradiological imaging, including magnetic resonance neurography, and emerging interests regarding cardiac neuroanatomy and neuromodulation, such as stellate ganglion phototherapy, it is time to revisit the anatomy and imaging of the stellate ganglion, as it largely controls the sympathetic tone of the heart. Quantification and qualification of the stellate ganglion can drive innovation in the management and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Determining an appropriate sample size in human cadaveric studies remains a long-standing and unresolved challenge. Unlike other basic science fields, anatomical research is constrained by factors such as limited human donor availability, cultural considerations, and ethical restrictions. Despite these limitations, researchers are often asked to justify sample sizes, yet no standardized guidelines currently exist. To quantitatively assess sample sizes in recent human cadaveric studies and propose evidence-based recommendations for future research, a PubMed search was conducted on February 26, 2024, using the term human cadaveric study. The articles published in 2023 and 2024 were screened, yielding 770 eligible studies. Data extracted included the total sample size, number of classified groups, and journal impact factor (IF). Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and correlation analyses were performed. Continuous variables were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). The median sample size was 11.5 (IQR: 7–20), and 47.9% of studies used 10 or fewer specimens. The median number of classified groups was 3 (IQR: 2–4). Linear regression showed that studies dividing specimens into 2–6 groups often failed to meet the recommended sample size per group based on regression modeling. No significant correlation was found between sample size and journal IF (r = −0.062, p = 0.115). Most cadaveric studies rely on small sample sizes due to inherent constraints, yet many still attempt a subgroup analysis without sufficient statistical power. Although flexibility is essential in anatomical research, we recommend a minimum total sample size of 10 for basic studies and at least five samples per group for those involving classification. Cadaveric sample size alone does not predict journal impact, highlighting the importance of methodological rigor over quantity.