P. Arce-Amezquita, Kevin Max-Rodriguez, Ayenia Carolina Rosales-Niebla, F. H. R. Espinoza
A series of pyrimidinol-based compounds have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to increase seedling biomass during seedling development. The compounds have the ability to reduce oxidative stress catalytically as natural phenolic antioxidants such as α-tocopherol do, but more efficiently. As a result, a compound with an appropriate structure (lipophilicity) effectively reduces the oxidative stress generated during seedling development, thus increasing biomass accumulation. Tomato seeds were pretreated with the synthesized antioxidants Py1C, Py8C and Py12C using acetone as the vehicle for application. None of the analogs tested affected total germination or hypocotyl dry biomass; however, seed treatment with Py8C and Py12C successfully increased radicle dry biomass by, on average, 44 % and 88 %, respectively. Compounds with these properties may be useful for the production of seedlings with enhanced characteristics such as vigor and stress resistance.
{"title":"Strategy for suppressing redox stress during tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed germination","authors":"P. Arce-Amezquita, Kevin Max-Rodriguez, Ayenia Carolina Rosales-Niebla, F. H. R. Espinoza","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2016","url":null,"abstract":"A series of pyrimidinol-based compounds have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to increase seedling biomass during seedling development. The compounds have the ability to reduce oxidative stress catalytically as natural phenolic antioxidants such as α-tocopherol do, but more efficiently. As a result, a compound with an appropriate structure (lipophilicity) effectively reduces the oxidative stress generated during seedling development, thus increasing biomass accumulation. Tomato seeds were pretreated with the synthesized antioxidants Py1C, Py8C and Py12C using acetone as the vehicle for application. None of the analogs tested affected total germination or hypocotyl dry biomass; however, seed treatment with Py8C and Py12C successfully increased radicle dry biomass by, on average, 44 % and 88 %, respectively. Compounds with these properties may be useful for the production of seedlings with enhanced characteristics such as vigor and stress resistance.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45624122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of unconventional oils high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (blackberry, blueberry, raspberry, pomegranate, black seed and hemp oils) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane (CH4) production were examined in a 24-h batch culture experiment. Treatments consisted of a control (no oil supplement), a control plus corn oil, or a control plus the unconventional oils. Oils were added to rumen cultures at 500 mg L-1 (equivalent to 3.3 g oil.kg-1 of dietary dry matter (DM)). After 24 h of incubation, CH4 production was not different between the control and the corn oil treatment. Of the six unconventional oils tested, only the hemp and blueberry oils reduced CH4 production by 10-16% relative to that of the control and corn oil treatments. Dry matter degradability and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were not affected by the addition of oils. Except for a reduction in the acetate concentration with the raspberry and hemp oils, all tested unconventional oils had no effects on fermentation and the VFA profile relative to those of the control. In conclusion, our results showed that hemp and blueberry oils were moderately effective in reducing rumen CH4 formation without compromising rumen fermentation and digestibility.
{"title":"Effect of Unconventional Oils on in Vitro Rumen Methane Production and Fermentation","authors":"M. Embaby, M. Günal, A. Abughazaleh","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2062","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of unconventional oils high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (blackberry, blueberry, raspberry, pomegranate, black seed and hemp oils) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane (CH4) production were examined in a 24-h batch culture experiment. Treatments consisted of a control (no oil supplement), a control plus corn oil, or a control plus the unconventional oils. Oils were added to rumen cultures at 500 mg L-1 (equivalent to 3.3 g oil.kg-1 of dietary dry matter (DM)). After 24 h of incubation, CH4 production was not different between the control and the corn oil treatment. Of the six unconventional oils tested, only the hemp and blueberry oils reduced CH4 production by 10-16% relative to that of the control and corn oil treatments. Dry matter degradability and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were not affected by the addition of oils. Except for a reduction in the acetate concentration with the raspberry and hemp oils, all tested unconventional oils had no effects on fermentation and the VFA profile relative to those of the control. In conclusion, our results showed that hemp and blueberry oils were moderately effective in reducing rumen CH4 formation without compromising rumen fermentation and digestibility.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48355874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the causes of the enological frontier of the Southern Cone of America, located in the Andes Mountains, with the predominance of the Malbec variety to the east of the Andes (Argentina) and of Cabernet-Sauvignon to the west (Chile). It was discovered that this wine boundary was established in the 19th century, when Cabernet-Sauvignon exceeded Malbec with a ratio of nine to one in Chile, while in Argentina, Malbec represented 75% of the national viticulture. The cause of this divergence is found in the different vinicultural subjects who led the process of expanding and consolidating the French paradigm in each country. In Chile, this role fitted the national bourgeoisie, who were used the capital accumulated in mining, finance and other activities to further the viticulture in their country. The bourgeoisie could abide by a technical mandate that preached the enological superiority of Cabernet-Sauvignon. In contrast, in Argentina, the architects of the expansion were the poor peasants who became small winegrowers. The shortage of capital led them to find a more productive variety, and their conviction led them to persist in the cultivation of Malbec. The rebellion of small winegrowers against the mandate of technocrats laid the foundation for the emergence of Malbec as an emblematic grapevine of Argentina.
{"title":"Enological Frontier of the Southern Cone of America: Cabernet-Sauvignon in Chile and Malbec in Argentina","authors":"P. Lacoste, P. Pszczólkowski","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.1956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.1956","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the causes of the enological frontier of the Southern Cone of America, located in the Andes Mountains, with the predominance of the Malbec variety to the east of the Andes (Argentina) and of Cabernet-Sauvignon to the west (Chile). It was discovered that this wine boundary was established in the 19th century, when Cabernet-Sauvignon exceeded Malbec with a ratio of nine to one in Chile, while in Argentina, Malbec represented 75% of the national viticulture. The cause of this divergence is found in the different vinicultural subjects who led the process of expanding and consolidating the French paradigm in each country. In Chile, this role fitted the national bourgeoisie, who were used the capital accumulated in mining, finance and other activities to further the viticulture in their country. The bourgeoisie could abide by a technical mandate that preached the enological superiority of Cabernet-Sauvignon. In contrast, in Argentina, the architects of the expansion were the poor peasants who became small winegrowers. The shortage of capital led them to find a more productive variety, and their conviction led them to persist in the cultivation of Malbec. The rebellion of small winegrowers against the mandate of technocrats laid the foundation for the emergence of Malbec as an emblematic grapevine of Argentina.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44625207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guilherme Joner, D. C. A. Filho, I. L. Brondani, S. M. Adams, A. F. D. Moura, Gilmar dos Santos Cardoso, M. B. Silva, P. Cattelam
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of live weight and body condition score, measured at different growth stages, on the rebreeding of first-calf heifers. A total of 120 Nellore and Charolais crossbred heifers born between 2004 and 2008 were assessed. Their average age was 26±1 months, they were all from the same herd, and they received the same management from birth. To conduct this study, pre- and postpartum measurements of first-calf heifers were taken. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using Student’s t-test at a significance level of α=0.05. A higher live weight of the heifer at 24 months enabled early calving within the first calving season (r=-0.30). First-calf heifers that rebred had a higher live weight at weaning (361 kg vs. 333 kg) than those that did not, although their live weights at calving were similar (344 kg vs. 332 kg). The rebreeding of first-calf heifers that gave birth with the same body condition score as in the first calving was dependent on positive live weight gain until the end of the following breeding season, especially during the calving-weaning period.
{"title":"Effect of pre- and postpartum body development on the rebreeding of first-calf heifers","authors":"Guilherme Joner, D. C. A. Filho, I. L. Brondani, S. M. Adams, A. F. D. Moura, Gilmar dos Santos Cardoso, M. B. Silva, P. Cattelam","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.1984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.1984","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of live weight and body condition score, measured at different growth stages, on the rebreeding of first-calf heifers. A total of 120 Nellore and Charolais crossbred heifers born between 2004 and 2008 were assessed. Their average age was 26±1 months, they were all from the same herd, and they received the same management from birth. To conduct this study, pre- and postpartum measurements of first-calf heifers were taken. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using Student’s t-test at a significance level of α=0.05. A higher live weight of the heifer at 24 months enabled early calving within the first calving season (r=-0.30). First-calf heifers that rebred had a higher live weight at weaning (361 kg vs. 333 kg) than those that did not, although their live weights at calving were similar (344 kg vs. 332 kg). The rebreeding of first-calf heifers that gave birth with the same body condition score as in the first calving was dependent on positive live weight gain until the end of the following breeding season, especially during the calving-weaning period.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47124970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. J. Reyes, S. Vero, E. Díaz-Rivera, Liliana Lara-Capistrán, Juan Carlos Noa-Carrazana, L. Hernández-Montiel
Postharvest diseases in fruits cause serious losses of fresh produce worldwide. The application of synthetic fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases such as anthracnose in mangoes can cause adverse effects on the environment and on human and animal health and has generated phytopathogen resistance. Biological control with the application of marine yeasts and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides can be an alternative to prevent anthracnose in Ataulfo mango fruits. The results showed that different doses of ClO2 inhibited the mycelium growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro . When ClO2 and the marine yeasts Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula minuta were applied to mango fruits, no signs of anthracnose disease incidence and lesion diameter were observed (LSD, p<0.05). Therefore, the application of ClO2 plus antagonist yeasts provides excellent control of anthracnose disease in Ataulfo mango fruits.
{"title":"Application of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and marine yeasts to control postharvest anthracnose disease in mango (Mangifera indica L.)","authors":"J. J. Reyes, S. Vero, E. Díaz-Rivera, Liliana Lara-Capistrán, Juan Carlos Noa-Carrazana, L. Hernández-Montiel","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2005","url":null,"abstract":"Postharvest diseases in fruits cause serious losses of fresh produce worldwide. The application of synthetic fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases such as anthracnose in mangoes can cause adverse effects on the environment and on human and animal health and has generated phytopathogen resistance. Biological control with the application of marine yeasts and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides can be an alternative to prevent anthracnose in Ataulfo mango fruits. The results showed that different doses of ClO2 inhibited the mycelium growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro . When ClO2 and the marine yeasts Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula minuta were applied to mango fruits, no signs of anthracnose disease incidence and lesion diameter were observed (LSD, p<0.05). Therefore, the application of ClO2 plus antagonist yeasts provides excellent control of anthracnose disease in Ataulfo mango fruits.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71303768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tracheal acariosis in Apis mellifera (honey bee) is caused by the endoparasitic mite Acarapis woodi and affects the respiratory system. This disease has received very little empirical attention in Chile. Its prevalence is unknown, as is whether its prevalence varies during different times of the year. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of A. woodi and to estimate whether there is variation in its expression among beekeeping seasons. A total of 1,408 hives were sampled between 2012 and 2016. The results showed that the average prevalence in the country was 10.1%, with prevalences of 12.2% and 5.3% in the productive season and nonproductive season, respectively. A higher prevalence of tracheal acariosis was detected in the productive season. This study was the first to examine the prevalence of this disease in Chile. These findings provide insight into the prevalence of the disease in the Chilean context and can help to advance decisions about sanitary beehive management in the future.
{"title":"Prevalence of the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie) in Chile","authors":"N. Durán, Patricia Andrea Henríquez, P. Aldea","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.1991","url":null,"abstract":"Tracheal acariosis in Apis mellifera (honey bee) is caused by the endoparasitic mite Acarapis woodi and affects the respiratory system. This disease has received very little empirical attention in Chile. Its prevalence is unknown, as is whether its prevalence varies during different times of the year. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of A. woodi and to estimate whether there is variation in its expression among beekeeping seasons. A total of 1,408 hives were sampled between 2012 and 2016. The results showed that the average prevalence in the country was 10.1%, with prevalences of 12.2% and 5.3% in the productive season and nonproductive season, respectively. A higher prevalence of tracheal acariosis was detected in the productive season. This study was the first to examine the prevalence of this disease in Chile. These findings provide insight into the prevalence of the disease in the Chilean context and can help to advance decisions about sanitary beehive management in the future.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47044080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High levels of animal performance and health depend on high-quality nutrition. Determining forage quality both reliably and quickly is essential for improving animal production. The present study describes the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the quantification of nutritional quality (dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and the WSC/CP ratio) in samples from fresh pastures in southern Chile (39° to 40° S). Calibration models were developed with wet chemistry and NIRS spectral data using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The coefficients of determination in the validation set ranged between 0.69 and 0.93, and the error of prediction varied from 0.064 to 2.89. The evaluation of the model confirmed the high predictive ability of NIRS for DM and CP and its low predictive ability for DMD, OMD, NDF and the WSC/CP ratio. It was not possible to obtain a model for WSC because it would have required an increased number of samples to improve the spectral variability and the R2 value (> 80%).
{"title":"Calibration models for the nutritional quality of fresh pastures by nearinfrared reflectance spectroscopy","authors":"I. Lobos, Cristian J. Moscoso, Paula Pavez","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2020","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of animal performance and health depend on high-quality nutrition. Determining forage quality both reliably and quickly is essential for improving animal production. The present study describes the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the quantification of nutritional quality (dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and the WSC/CP ratio) in samples from fresh pastures in southern Chile (39° to 40° S). Calibration models were developed with wet chemistry and NIRS spectral data using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The coefficients of determination in the validation set ranged between 0.69 and 0.93, and the error of prediction varied from 0.064 to 2.89. The evaluation of the model confirmed the high predictive ability of NIRS for DM and CP and its low predictive ability for DMD, OMD, NDF and the WSC/CP ratio. It was not possible to obtain a model for WSC because it would have required an increased number of samples to improve the spectral variability and the R2 value (> 80%).","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71303782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. P. Carneiro, A. F. Bontempo, F. Guimarães, M. R. Reis, D. V. Silva, Matheus de Freitas Souza, H. Lins
A field experiment was performed to determine the effects of tembotrione and atrazine residues in soil on sugar beet eight months after herbicide application. The treatments included sugar beet cultivation with tembotrione-contaminated soil (50.4 g a.i. ha-1), tembotrione (100.8 g a.i. ha-1), tembotrione and atrazine (50.4 g a.i. ha-1 + 2 L a.i. ha-1), tembotrione and atrazine (100.8 g a.i. ha-1 + 2 L a.i. ha-1), atrazine (2 L a.i. ha-1) and soil without herbicide application. In general, in comparison to the control, when sugar beets were grown following any of the herbicide treatments, the crop dry biomass was reduced. However, only treatments sprayed with a high rate of tembotrione significantly reduced sugar beet yield.
采用田间试验研究了施用除草剂8个月后土壤中腾博酮和阿特拉津残留量对甜菜生长的影响。试验处理为:土壤(50.4 g a.i. ha-1)、土壤(100.8 g a.i. ha-1)、土壤(50.4 g a.i. ha-1 + 2l a.i. ha-1)、土壤(100.8 g a.i. ha-1 + 2l a.i. ha-1)、土壤(2l a.i. ha-1)污染的甜菜栽培。总的来说，与对照相比，当甜菜在任何除草剂处理后生长时，作物干生物量都减少了。然而，只有喷施高剂量腾博曲酮的处理才能显著降低甜菜产量。
{"title":"Carryover of tembotrione and atrazine in sugar beet","authors":"G. P. Carneiro, A. F. Bontempo, F. Guimarães, M. R. Reis, D. V. Silva, Matheus de Freitas Souza, H. Lins","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2006","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was performed to determine the effects of tembotrione and atrazine residues in soil on sugar beet eight months after herbicide application. The treatments included sugar beet cultivation with tembotrione-contaminated soil (50.4 g a.i. ha-1), tembotrione (100.8 g a.i. ha-1), tembotrione and atrazine (50.4 g a.i. ha-1 + 2 L a.i. ha-1), tembotrione and atrazine (100.8 g a.i. ha-1 + 2 L a.i. ha-1), atrazine (2 L a.i. ha-1) and soil without herbicide application. In general, in comparison to the control, when sugar beets were grown following any of the herbicide treatments, the crop dry biomass was reduced. However, only treatments sprayed with a high rate of tembotrione significantly reduced sugar beet yield.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48242728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Osorio, Gustavo A del Canto, Annally R. Rupayan, Nicole Lichtin, I. Maureira-Butler
Root variation has become an important target for geneticists, ecologists, and breeders, given its direct influence on plant adaptation, resilience to climate change, and biomass and seed yields. However, the underground nature of roots has limited the assessment of root variability in plant species. In this study, we evaluated several root traits in a sample of distinct yellow lupin accessions grown under cold conditions and at three time points. Analyses of variance showed a highly significant accession (genotype) effect on primary root length (PRL), primary root area (PRA), and total root area (TRA), indicating that at least part of the root variation was explained by a genetic component. Significant accession*time interactions for PRL and PRA suggested that root growth rates (assessed using these traits) may change over time across genotypes; however, a more extensive study including a larger number of accessions and growing times must be conducted to confirm this finding. Differences among L. luteus accessions in PRL, PRA and TRA suggest the existence of favorable variation in plantlet root traits and the possibility of breeding stronger and better-established yellow lupin plants when grown under cold conditions.
{"title":"Root variability among yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) accessions grown at low temperatures in an undisturbed substrate","authors":"C. Osorio, Gustavo A del Canto, Annally R. Rupayan, Nicole Lichtin, I. Maureira-Butler","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.1942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.1942","url":null,"abstract":"Root variation has become an important target for geneticists, ecologists, and breeders, given its direct influence on plant adaptation, resilience to climate change, and biomass and seed yields. However, the underground nature of roots has limited the assessment of root variability in plant species. In this study, we evaluated several root traits in a sample of distinct yellow lupin accessions grown under cold conditions and at three time points. Analyses of variance showed a highly significant accession (genotype) effect on primary root length (PRL), primary root area (PRA), and total root area (TRA), indicating that at least part of the root variation was explained by a genetic component. Significant accession*time interactions for PRL and PRA suggested that root growth rates (assessed using these traits) may change over time across genotypes; however, a more extensive study including a larger number of accessions and growing times must be conducted to confirm this finding. Differences among L. luteus accessions in PRL, PRA and TRA suggest the existence of favorable variation in plantlet root traits and the possibility of breeding stronger and better-established yellow lupin plants when grown under cold conditions.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mali Nay Buendía Tamariz, R. T. Calzada, I. S. Cohen, Arnoldo Flores Hernández, M. A. V. Valle, A. P. Sandoval
This study discusses how soil moisture influences the seed yield of two castor plant varieties in an arid zone in Mexico. An experiment was set up with two factors: soil moisture, with three levels (high = -0.05 MPa, medium = -0.31 MPa and low = -0.91 MPa), and castor variety (Krishna and Rincon). The combination resulted in a factorial 3 × 2 experimental design. The experiment was set up as a randomized block with four replications under a split-plot arrangement, where the whole plots were for soil moisture and the subplots were for the castor variety. The measured variables were plant height (PH), days to flowering of 50% of the plants (DF), leaf area (LA), dry weight (DW), source-sink relationship, harvest index (HI) and seed yield. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, mean tests (HSD at α = 0.05) and regression analysis. There were significant differences in PH, LA, DW, HI and yield among the treatments. The values of PH, LA and DW tended to be higher at higher soil moisture levels than at lower moisture levels. The source strength was generally lower than the sink strength in all the treatments. There were significant differences between the varieties for HI, and the interaction between soil moisture and variety was also significant. Significant differences were found in yield; the Krishna variety had a greater yield than the Rincon variety, but there was only a significant difference between the yield of the Krishna variety cultivated under low soil moisture (5200 kg ha-1) and that of the Rincon variety cultivated under high soil moisture (2570 kg ha-1). The results of this study indicate that castor plants can be cultivated in arid regions at suboptimal soil moisture levels with supplementary irrigation without compromising plant performance or yield.
本研究探讨了土壤水分如何影响墨西哥干旱区两个蓖麻品种的种子产量。试验采用两个因素：土壤湿度，三个水平（高=-0.05MPa，中=-0.31MPa和低=-0.91MPa）和蓖麻品种（Krishna和Rincon）。该组合产生了因子3×2的实验设计。该实验被设置为一个随机区块，在分裂地块安排下进行四次重复，其中整个地块用于土壤水分，子地块用于蓖麻品种。测量的变量是株高（PH）、50%植株的开花天数（DF）、叶面积（LA）、干重（DW）、源库关系、收获指数（HI）和种子产量。数据通过方差分析、平均检验（HSD为α=0.05）和回归分析进行分析。处理间PH、LA、DW、HI和产量差异显著。土壤水分水平越高，PH、LA和DW的值越高。在所有处理中，源强度通常低于汇强度。不同品种间的HI存在显著差异，土壤水分与品种间的相互作用也显著。产量差异显著；Krishna品种的产量高于Rincon品种，但在低土壤水分（5200 kg ha-1）下培养的Krishna变种的产量与在高土壤水分（2570 kg ha-1。这项研究的结果表明，在不影响植物性能或产量的情况下，通过补充灌溉，可以在土壤湿度不理想的干旱地区种植蓖麻。
{"title":"Castor seed yield at suboptimal soil moisture: Is it high enough?","authors":"Mali Nay Buendía Tamariz, R. T. Calzada, I. S. Cohen, Arnoldo Flores Hernández, M. A. V. Valle, A. P. Sandoval","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2046","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses how soil moisture influences the seed yield of two castor plant varieties in an arid zone in Mexico. An experiment was set up with two factors: soil moisture, with three levels (high = -0.05 MPa, medium = -0.31 MPa and low = -0.91 MPa), and castor variety (Krishna and Rincon). The combination resulted in a factorial 3 × 2 experimental design. The experiment was set up as a randomized block with four replications under a split-plot arrangement, where the whole plots were for soil moisture and the subplots were for the castor variety. The measured variables were plant height (PH), days to flowering of 50% of the plants (DF), leaf area (LA), dry weight (DW), source-sink relationship, harvest index (HI) and seed yield. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, mean tests (HSD at α = 0.05) and regression analysis. There were significant differences in PH, LA, DW, HI and yield among the treatments. The values of PH, LA and DW tended to be higher at higher soil moisture levels than at lower moisture levels. The source strength was generally lower than the sink strength in all the treatments. There were significant differences between the varieties for HI, and the interaction between soil moisture and variety was also significant. Significant differences were found in yield; the Krishna variety had a greater yield than the Rincon variety, but there was only a significant difference between the yield of the Krishna variety cultivated under low soil moisture (5200 kg ha-1) and that of the Rincon variety cultivated under high soil moisture (2570 kg ha-1). The results of this study indicate that castor plants can be cultivated in arid regions at suboptimal soil moisture levels with supplementary irrigation without compromising plant performance or yield.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43098582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：