Abstract Turtles are highly susceptible to the negative effects of commercial harvesting. In October 2007, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources convened a Working Group to discuss the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) fishery in Maryland and to make recommendations considered necessary to maintain a sustainable fishery. We collected information on population structure and the collecting techniques used by local harvesters in the field. An increase in the minimum legal size limit from 9.5 inches (24.1 cm) in 2008 to 11 inches (27.9 cm) in 2009 resulted in more females being protected from harvesting yet significantly decreased catch per unit effort, forcing harvesters to increase collecting effort to maintain catch levels.
{"title":"Field Data and Stakeholders: Regulating the Commercial Harvest of Snapping Turtles in Maryland","authors":"Patrick W. Cain, M. Cross, R. Seigel","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1195.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1195.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Turtles are highly susceptible to the negative effects of commercial harvesting. In October 2007, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources convened a Working Group to discuss the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) fishery in Maryland and to make recommendations considered necessary to maintain a sustainable fishery. We collected information on population structure and the collecting techniques used by local harvesters in the field. An increase in the minimum legal size limit from 9.5 inches (24.1 cm) in 2008 to 11 inches (27.9 cm) in 2009 resulted in more females being protected from harvesting yet significantly decreased catch per unit effort, forcing harvesters to increase collecting effort to maintain catch levels.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"229 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1195.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45072507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan R. Monsinjon, I. Jribi, Abdulmaula Hamza, A. Ouerghi, Y. Kaska, M. Girondot
Abstract Ectothermic species are strongly affected by thermal changes. To assess the viability of these species under climate change constraints, we need to quantify the sensitivity of their life history traits to temperature. The loggerhead marine turtle (Caretta caretta) nests regularly in the Oriental Basin of the Mediterranean Sea. The different populations are separated because of time (< 12,000 yrs) and very different thermal habitats; it is hotter on the southern coast (Libya) than on the northern ones (Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey). Patterns of embryo growth response to incubation temperatures have been searched for these 2 populations. We found that both populations have similar thermal reaction norms for embryonic growth rate. This highlights that 12,000 yrs is not enough time for this species to adapt to specific thermal habitats and raises the question of the persistence of these populations in the context of rapid climate change.
{"title":"Embryonic Growth Rate Thermal Reaction Norm of Mediterranean Caretta caretta Embryos from Two Different Thermal Habitats, Turkey and Libya","authors":"Jonathan R. Monsinjon, I. Jribi, Abdulmaula Hamza, A. Ouerghi, Y. Kaska, M. Girondot","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1269.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1269.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ectothermic species are strongly affected by thermal changes. To assess the viability of these species under climate change constraints, we need to quantify the sensitivity of their life history traits to temperature. The loggerhead marine turtle (Caretta caretta) nests regularly in the Oriental Basin of the Mediterranean Sea. The different populations are separated because of time (< 12,000 yrs) and very different thermal habitats; it is hotter on the southern coast (Libya) than on the northern ones (Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey). Patterns of embryo growth response to incubation temperatures have been searched for these 2 populations. We found that both populations have similar thermal reaction norms for embryonic growth rate. This highlights that 12,000 yrs is not enough time for this species to adapt to specific thermal habitats and raises the question of the persistence of these populations in the context of rapid climate change.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"172 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1269.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45662352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Vélez-Rubio, R. Trinchin, A. Estrades, Virginia Ferrando, J. Tomás
Abstract Chelonia mydas in temperate areas exhibits behavioral changes for adapting to sea temperature fluctuations; however, prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can lead to hypothermia and thus hypothermic stunning events. Here we report an unusual stranding event of 90 green turtles recorded in a 12-d period in July 2012 in southeastern Uruguay, analyzing the event in an oceanographic and meteorological context. Monitoring such events provides a unique opportunity to understand the impact of hypothermic stunning on juvenile green turtle stocks that spend the entire year in this temperate region of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
{"title":"Hypothermic Stunning in Juvenile Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Uruguayan Coastal Waters: Learning for Future Events","authors":"G. Vélez-Rubio, R. Trinchin, A. Estrades, Virginia Ferrando, J. Tomás","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1243.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1243.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chelonia mydas in temperate areas exhibits behavioral changes for adapting to sea temperature fluctuations; however, prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can lead to hypothermia and thus hypothermic stunning events. Here we report an unusual stranding event of 90 green turtles recorded in a 12-d period in July 2012 in southeastern Uruguay, analyzing the event in an oceanographic and meteorological context. Monitoring such events provides a unique opportunity to understand the impact of hypothermic stunning on juvenile green turtle stocks that spend the entire year in this temperate region of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"151 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1243.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42522754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Zappalorti, A. M. Tutterow, S. E. Pittman, J. Lovich
Abstract Nest-site selection by most turtles affects the survival of females and their offspring. Although bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) do not typically leave their wetlands for nesting, nest-site selection can impact hatching success and hatchling survival. Between 1974 and 2012, we monitored the fates of 258 bog turtle eggs incubated in the field and 91 eggs incubated under laboratory conditions from 11 different bogs, fens, or wetland complexes in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Laboratory-incubated eggs exhibited the greatest hatching success (81%), but we did not detect a significant difference in hatching success between nests protected with predator excluder cages (43%) and unprotected nests (33%). However, we found significantly lower predation rates in protected nests, suggesting that while predator excluder cages successfully reduced predation, other environmental factors persisted to reduce egg survival in the field. Natural hatching success was potentially reduced by poor weather conditions, which may have resulted in embryo developmental problems, dehydration, or embryos drowning in the egg. Our results suggest that egg depredation, coupled with embryo developmental problems and infertility, are limiting factors to hatching success in our study populations. Using predator excluder cages to protect bog turtle eggs in the field, or incubating eggs in the laboratory and releasing hatchlings at original nesting areas, may be an effective conservation tool for recovering populations of this federally threatened species.
{"title":"Hatching Success and Predation of Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) Eggs in New Jersey and Pennsylvania","authors":"R. Zappalorti, A. M. Tutterow, S. E. Pittman, J. Lovich","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1237.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1237.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nest-site selection by most turtles affects the survival of females and their offspring. Although bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) do not typically leave their wetlands for nesting, nest-site selection can impact hatching success and hatchling survival. Between 1974 and 2012, we monitored the fates of 258 bog turtle eggs incubated in the field and 91 eggs incubated under laboratory conditions from 11 different bogs, fens, or wetland complexes in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Laboratory-incubated eggs exhibited the greatest hatching success (81%), but we did not detect a significant difference in hatching success between nests protected with predator excluder cages (43%) and unprotected nests (33%). However, we found significantly lower predation rates in protected nests, suggesting that while predator excluder cages successfully reduced predation, other environmental factors persisted to reduce egg survival in the field. Natural hatching success was potentially reduced by poor weather conditions, which may have resulted in embryo developmental problems, dehydration, or embryos drowning in the egg. Our results suggest that egg depredation, coupled with embryo developmental problems and infertility, are limiting factors to hatching success in our study populations. Using predator excluder cages to protect bog turtle eggs in the field, or incubating eggs in the laboratory and releasing hatchlings at original nesting areas, may be an effective conservation tool for recovering populations of this federally threatened species.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"194 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1237.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45841274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ng, P. Dutton, H. Gu, Tsung-Hsien Li, Mingbin Ye, Z. Xia, F. Zhang, J. Duan, C. Hsu, G. Balazs, M. Murphy
Abstract Sea turtles are globally endangered and face anthropogenic threats, such as direct harvest, bycatch, and habitat degradation. Genetic studies help identify connectivity between nesting and foraging grounds for conservation and management. However, information on genetic stock composition of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the South China Region (including Hong Kong, Guangdong Province, and Taiwan) is severely limited. In this study, mixed stock analysis based on the 760-bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of green turtles (n = 110) revealed that the primary source rookeries in the Pacific contributing to foraging green turtle aggregations in the South China Region were Peninsular Malaysia, Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia, Aru of Indonesia, Sulu Sea, northeastern Borneo, Republic of Marshall Islands, Wan-an of Taiwan, and the central Ryukyu and Yaeyama of Japan. This study is the first to investigate and report the source nesting populations of a relatively large number of foraging green turtles in the region. The genetic results also indicate possible use of coastal Guangdong, the Taiwan Strait, and the East China Sea as habitat by pelagic-phase green turtles hatched from nesting beaches in Taiwan and mainland China. As a precautionary approach for effective sea turtle conservation, conservation and management of each distinct green turtle source rookery as well as foraging aggregations sourced from multiple natal origins in the South China Region is needed to preserve genetic diversity for the species. Anthropogenic threats to nesting and foraging habitats and migratory pathways, such as direct take for trade and fishery impacts, should be thoroughly assessed and effectively mitigated by regional collaboration to sustain these populations.
{"title":"Regional Conservation Implications of Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Genetic Stock Composition in China","authors":"C. Ng, P. Dutton, H. Gu, Tsung-Hsien Li, Mingbin Ye, Z. Xia, F. Zhang, J. Duan, C. Hsu, G. Balazs, M. Murphy","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1253.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1253.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sea turtles are globally endangered and face anthropogenic threats, such as direct harvest, bycatch, and habitat degradation. Genetic studies help identify connectivity between nesting and foraging grounds for conservation and management. However, information on genetic stock composition of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the South China Region (including Hong Kong, Guangdong Province, and Taiwan) is severely limited. In this study, mixed stock analysis based on the 760-bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of green turtles (n = 110) revealed that the primary source rookeries in the Pacific contributing to foraging green turtle aggregations in the South China Region were Peninsular Malaysia, Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia, Aru of Indonesia, Sulu Sea, northeastern Borneo, Republic of Marshall Islands, Wan-an of Taiwan, and the central Ryukyu and Yaeyama of Japan. This study is the first to investigate and report the source nesting populations of a relatively large number of foraging green turtles in the region. The genetic results also indicate possible use of coastal Guangdong, the Taiwan Strait, and the East China Sea as habitat by pelagic-phase green turtles hatched from nesting beaches in Taiwan and mainland China. As a precautionary approach for effective sea turtle conservation, conservation and management of each distinct green turtle source rookery as well as foraging aggregations sourced from multiple natal origins in the South China Region is needed to preserve genetic diversity for the species. Anthropogenic threats to nesting and foraging habitats and migratory pathways, such as direct take for trade and fishery impacts, should be thoroughly assessed and effectively mitigated by regional collaboration to sustain these populations.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"139 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1253.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44534463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Here we describe the effects of beach morphological features on loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nesting behavior on the barrier islands of the north-central Gulf of Mexico. Our results show that loggerhead crawl length decreases as beach slope increases, and our data comparing nest crawls (resulting in egg laying) versus false crawls (emergence onto the beach without laying eggs) suggest that beach slope and crawl length differ between the crawl types but elevation does not. We infer that loggerheads cue in to beach slope to reach a perceived elevation with reduced risk of inundation, crawling longer distances on flatter slopes compared with shorter distances on steep slopes, but that after this elevation is reached, other environmental variables may ultimately factor into the decision to lay eggs.
{"title":"Loggerhead Nesting in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Importance of Beach Slope to Nest Site Selection in the Mississippi Barrier Islands","authors":"A. S. Maurer, Matthew W. Johnson","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1256.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1256.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Here we describe the effects of beach morphological features on loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nesting behavior on the barrier islands of the north-central Gulf of Mexico. Our results show that loggerhead crawl length decreases as beach slope increases, and our data comparing nest crawls (resulting in egg laying) versus false crawls (emergence onto the beach without laying eggs) suggest that beach slope and crawl length differ between the crawl types but elevation does not. We infer that loggerheads cue in to beach slope to reach a perceived elevation with reduced risk of inundation, crawling longer distances on flatter slopes compared with shorter distances on steep slopes, but that after this elevation is reached, other environmental variables may ultimately factor into the decision to lay eggs.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"250 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1256.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43601459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Knowledge of species-specific patterns of energy use is important for understanding the evolution of life histories as well as for determining how species might respond to alterations in environmental conditions. We measured standard metabolic rates (SMRs) in 59 Eastern Box Turtles (mass range = 106−510 g) and determined how differences in body mass and body temperature (20°C vs. 30°C) influenced SMRs. Rates of standard metabolism were significantly influenced by body mass at body temperatures of 20°C and 30°C and SMR was significantly higher at 30°C (Q10 = 3.04). There was significant among-individual variation in SMR and individuals with higher metabolism at 20°C also tended to have higher metabolism at 30°C.
物种特有的能源利用模式的知识对于理解生命史的进化以及确定物种如何应对环境条件的变化是重要的。我们测量了59只东箱龟(质量范围为106 - 510 g)的标准代谢率(SMRs)，并确定了体重和体温(20°C vs. 30°C)的差异如何影响SMRs。20°C和30°C时，标准代谢率显著受体重影响，30°C时SMR显著较高(Q10 = 3.04)。个体间SMR差异显著，20℃时代谢水平较高的个体在30℃时代谢水平也趋于较高。
{"title":"Influences on Standard Metabolism in Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina)","authors":"C. Gienger, Eva M. Urdiales","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1252.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1252.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowledge of species-specific patterns of energy use is important for understanding the evolution of life histories as well as for determining how species might respond to alterations in environmental conditions. We measured standard metabolic rates (SMRs) in 59 Eastern Box Turtles (mass range = 106−510 g) and determined how differences in body mass and body temperature (20°C vs. 30°C) influenced SMRs. Rates of standard metabolism were significantly influenced by body mass at body temperatures of 20°C and 30°C and SMR was significantly higher at 30°C (Q10 = 3.04). There was significant among-individual variation in SMR and individuals with higher metabolism at 20°C also tended to have higher metabolism at 30°C.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"159 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1252.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract After a control program for feral foxes was instigated, the monitor lizard Varanus panoptes has become the most common predator of loggerhead turtle nests at the Wreck Rock beach nesting aggregation adjacent to Deepwater National Park in southeastern Queensland. We empirically tested the efficacy of aluminum mesh cages, plastic mesh sheets, red flags, and hot chili powder in protecting loggerhead turtle nests from monitor lizard predation across 2 nesting seasons (2014–2015 and 2015–2016). Our study indicated that plastic mesh, when applied correctly, is a relatively inexpensive and effective way to prevent monitor lizard nest predation at sea turtle nesting beaches.
{"title":"How Best to Protect the Nests of the Endangered Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta from Monitor Lizard Predation","authors":"J. Lei, D. Booth","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1251.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1251.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After a control program for feral foxes was instigated, the monitor lizard Varanus panoptes has become the most common predator of loggerhead turtle nests at the Wreck Rock beach nesting aggregation adjacent to Deepwater National Park in southeastern Queensland. We empirically tested the efficacy of aluminum mesh cages, plastic mesh sheets, red flags, and hot chili powder in protecting loggerhead turtle nests from monitor lizard predation across 2 nesting seasons (2014–2015 and 2015–2016). Our study indicated that plastic mesh, when applied correctly, is a relatively inexpensive and effective way to prevent monitor lizard nest predation at sea turtle nesting beaches.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"246 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1251.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48878837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liu Lin, Daniel Gaillard, Qingru Hu, Jiangbo Yang, Zhongdong Chen, Feiyu Zhou, F. Xiao, H. Shi
Abstract We studied the sexual dimorphism in body size and shape of Beal's eyed turtle, Sacalia bealei, by measuring 15 morphological characteristics of 68 adult individuals (40 females, 28 males) collected from Fujian Province, China. Females were slightly larger than males in carapace length with a sexual dimorphism index of 0.09. This translated into greater absolute values of females for all the traits we measured except for tail length, preanal tail length, and analia to supracaudal junction length. Comparisons between the sexes of size-corrected morphological traits indicated that females exhibited a longer plastron and higher carapace relative to carapace length, thereby providing a larger internal volume. Females also exhibited relatively wider heads. In males, the plastron was smaller and more indented than in females and the openings between the plastron and the carapace were also more developed. Overall, females were larger in size and displayed a more voluminous shell than did males while males had longer tails and larger spaces available to move the legs, head, and tail.
{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism in Body Size and Shape of Beal's Eyed Turtle (Sacalia bealei)","authors":"Liu Lin, Daniel Gaillard, Qingru Hu, Jiangbo Yang, Zhongdong Chen, Feiyu Zhou, F. Xiao, H. Shi","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1225.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1225.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We studied the sexual dimorphism in body size and shape of Beal's eyed turtle, Sacalia bealei, by measuring 15 morphological characteristics of 68 adult individuals (40 females, 28 males) collected from Fujian Province, China. Females were slightly larger than males in carapace length with a sexual dimorphism index of 0.09. This translated into greater absolute values of females for all the traits we measured except for tail length, preanal tail length, and analia to supracaudal junction length. Comparisons between the sexes of size-corrected morphological traits indicated that females exhibited a longer plastron and higher carapace relative to carapace length, thereby providing a larger internal volume. Females also exhibited relatively wider heads. In males, the plastron was smaller and more indented than in females and the openings between the plastron and the carapace were also more developed. Overall, females were larger in size and displayed a more voluminous shell than did males while males had longer tails and larger spaces available to move the legs, head, and tail.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"180 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1225.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47648958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Fantin, J. Ferreira, M. Magalhães, Thais da Silva Damasseno, Dorothy Ivila de Melo Pereira, R. Vogt
Abstract The giant South American river turtle (Podocnemis expansa) is the largest extant member of the suborder Pleurodira and the largest freshwater chelonian in South America. Owing to its size, its meat is sought for consumption and trade in the Amazon region. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproductive behavior of 2 different populations of P. expansa. Allelic frequency variation was studied in 6 DNA microsatellite loci of recently hatched offspring from 8 nests on a beach in the municipality of Oriximiná in the state of Pará, Brazil. Multiple paternity was identified in all nests studied. Between 5 and 10 fathers contributed to each nest. Compared with previous studies, a greater frequency of multiple paternity and a greater number of fathers contributing to each nest were found in the present investigation. The results suggest that populations from different locations may exhibit different paternity patterns due to ecological or biological differences. By comparison with previous studies, we suggest that the differences in the number of nests, proportion of offspring per nest, and number of loci analyzed in each study may influence the frequency of multiple paternity detected.
{"title":"Kinship Analysis of Offspring of the Giant South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) Using Microsatellite DNA Markers","authors":"C. Fantin, J. Ferreira, M. Magalhães, Thais da Silva Damasseno, Dorothy Ivila de Melo Pereira, R. Vogt","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1233.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1233.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The giant South American river turtle (Podocnemis expansa) is the largest extant member of the suborder Pleurodira and the largest freshwater chelonian in South America. Owing to its size, its meat is sought for consumption and trade in the Amazon region. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproductive behavior of 2 different populations of P. expansa. Allelic frequency variation was studied in 6 DNA microsatellite loci of recently hatched offspring from 8 nests on a beach in the municipality of Oriximiná in the state of Pará, Brazil. Multiple paternity was identified in all nests studied. Between 5 and 10 fathers contributed to each nest. Compared with previous studies, a greater frequency of multiple paternity and a greater number of fathers contributing to each nest were found in the present investigation. The results suggest that populations from different locations may exhibit different paternity patterns due to ecological or biological differences. By comparison with previous studies, we suggest that the differences in the number of nests, proportion of offspring per nest, and number of loci analyzed in each study may influence the frequency of multiple paternity detected.","PeriodicalId":50703,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"123 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2744/CCB-1233.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42047699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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