Producing meat-like products directly from plants instead of animals creates significant gains in production and market efficiencies. Emerging innovation in plant-based meat shows promise for revolutionizing the food system, and global growth in the plant-based meat industry has exploded over the past few years. Identifying the most important white space ideas, prioritizing the research needed to explore them, and solving related technical issues across the entire value chain—from crop development to foodservice and retail distribution—constitute the highest impact strategies for enabling plant-based meat to help supply the global demand for meat. Four areas in need of additional research and development are crop optimization specifically for plant-based meat formulations, alternative manufacturing methods, expanded production capacity, and product sensory improvements. If successfully implemented on a global scale, a food system with a much greater reliance on plant-based meat-like products has the potential to sustainably feed 9.7 billion people by 2050 and mitigate climate change and other pressing environmental problems. Furthermore, inappropriate use of antibiotics in food animals contributes to antimicrobial resistance, and it is estimated that three of four new or emerging infectious diseases in humans are transmitted from animals. Thus, modernizing meat production by reducing use of animals in the food system can decrease the risk of global public health issues such as antibiotic resistance and
{"title":"Trends and Opportunities in the Global Plant-Based Meat Industry","authors":"E. Clayton, Zak Weston","doi":"10.1094/cfw-65-4-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/cfw-65-4-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Producing meat-like products directly from plants instead of animals creates significant gains in production and market efficiencies. Emerging innovation in plant-based meat shows promise for revolutionizing the food system, and global growth in the plant-based meat industry has exploded over the past few years. Identifying the most important white space ideas, prioritizing the research needed to explore them, and solving related technical issues across the entire value chain—from crop development to foodservice and retail distribution—constitute the highest impact strategies for enabling plant-based meat to help supply the global demand for meat. Four areas in need of additional research and development are crop optimization specifically for plant-based meat formulations, alternative manufacturing methods, expanded production capacity, and product sensory improvements. If successfully implemented on a global scale, a food system with a much greater reliance on plant-based meat-like products has the potential to sustainably feed 9.7 billion people by 2050 and mitigate climate change and other pressing environmental problems. Furthermore, inappropriate use of antibiotics in food animals contributes to antimicrobial resistance, and it is estimated that three of four new or emerging infectious diseases in humans are transmitted from animals. Thus, modernizing meat production by reducing use of animals in the food system can decrease the risk of global public health issues such as antibiotic resistance and","PeriodicalId":50707,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Foods World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61185573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of Analysis to Prevent and Control the Presence of Mycotoxins in Cereals","authors":"","doi":"10.1094/cfw-65-1-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/cfw-65-1-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50707,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Foods World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61185375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Pulse Protein Quality through Processing and Genetic Tools","authors":"","doi":"10.1094/cfw-65-2-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/cfw-65-2-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50707,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Foods World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61185481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interview with John Taylor","authors":"","doi":"10.1094/cfw-65-2-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/cfw-65-2-0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50707,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Foods World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61185701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat markets on the Asian continent represent the most important destinations for U.S. wheat—both by volume and value. In addition, projected increases in population and incomes in Asian countries suggest there are significant growth opportunities for U.S. wheat exporters going forward. As Asian incomes grow, the transition from buying “wheat” to buying “quality wheat” will work in favor of U.S. producers. The key to maintaining current Asian markets, and growing in expanding markets, is developing and maintaining a stable and equitable trade environment. Although the United States is well positioned to compete in such an environment, it does face significant competition from other exporters. According to U.S. Department of Agriculture projections, the U.S. share of the world wheat trade is expected to decline over the next decade. Thus, maintaining current Asian relationships and expanding where growth opportunities exist will be key to the future of U.S. wheat exports. Any bilateral trade frictions between the United States and current or potential wheat customers could erode any competitive advantage the United States has in a more stable trade environment. The key to success, then, is a continued focus on quality and building strong, stable, and favorable relationships with U.S. customers. Trade between the United States and Asia has grown significantly over the last decade, but it has not been without controversy and has not impacted all sectors equally. Total U.S. exports, imports, and the balance of trade for goods between the United States and Asian countries are shown in Figure 1. As shown in the graph, the balance of trade has grown increasingly negative over the last decade from a U.S. perspective. The growing trade deficit has been a major concern of the current U.S. administration and was used to help justify the imposition of tariffs on goods imported into the United States, especially from China, beginning in 2018 (1). Much of the U.S. trade with Asian countries occurs under the umbrella of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). APEC is a forum organized to facilitate economic trade and investment and regional cooperation among its 21 members. Asian members of APEC include the People’s Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; the Republic of Korea; Malaysia; the Philippines; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; Vietnam; Brunei Darussalam; and Papua New Guinea. Non-Asian member countries include Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, the Russian Federation, and the United States. Together, APEC members account for about 60% of world gross domestic product (GDP), and 47% of all trade (7). All APEC decisions are made by consensus, and commitments among the individual trading partners are voluntary. However, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative argues that participation in APEC has led to a reduction in tariffs and other trade barriers between members over time and has led to economic growth in th
亚洲大陆的小麦市场在数量和价值上都是美国小麦最重要的目的地。此外，预计亚洲国家人口和收入的增长表明，美国小麦出口商未来将有巨大的增长机会。随着亚洲收入的增长，从购买“小麦”到购买“优质小麦”的转变将有利于美国生产商。保持亚洲现有市场并在不断扩大的市场中发展壮大，关键在于发展和维护稳定、公平的贸易环境。尽管美国在这样的环境中处于有利地位，但它确实面临着来自其他出口国的重大竞争。根据美国农业部的预测，美国在世界小麦贸易中的份额预计将在未来十年下降。因此，维持目前与亚洲的关系，并在存在增长机会的地区进行扩张，将是美国小麦出口未来的关键。美国与现有或潜在小麦客户之间的任何双边贸易摩擦都可能侵蚀美国在更稳定的贸易环境中拥有的任何竞争优势。因此，成功的关键是持续关注质量，并与美国客户建立牢固、稳定和有利的关系。美国和亚洲之间的贸易在过去十年中显著增长，但也并非没有争议，并没有平等地影响到所有部门。图1显示了美国的总出口、进口以及美国和亚洲国家之间的货物贸易差额。如图所示，在过去十年中，从美国的角度来看，贸易差额越来越负。不断增长的贸易逆差一直是本届美国政府关注的主要问题，并被用来证明从2018年开始对进口到美国的商品征收关税的合理性(1)。美国与亚洲国家的大部分贸易都是在亚太经合组织(APEC)的框架下进行的。亚太经合组织是一个为促进21个成员之间的经贸投资和区域合作而组织的论坛。亚太经合组织的亚洲成员包括中华人民共和国;中国香港;印尼;日本;大韩民国;马来西亚;菲律宾;新加坡;中国台北;泰国;越南;文莱达鲁萨兰国;和巴布亚新几内亚。非亚洲成员国包括澳大利亚、加拿大、智利、墨西哥、新西兰、秘鲁、俄罗斯联邦和美国。APEC成员合计占世界国内生产总值(GDP)的60%左右，占所有贸易的47%(7)。APEC的所有决策都是通过协商一致做出的，单个贸易伙伴之间的承诺是自愿的。然而，美国贸易代表办公室认为，随着时间的推移，加入APEC导致成员之间的关税和其他贸易壁垒减少，并促进了该地区的经济增长(7)。2018年，美国对所有APEC国家的贸易逆差约为6770亿美元，比2017年增长9.6%(7)。从图1可以看出，这一逆差的绝大部分来自与亚洲伙伴的贸易。(注意，图1所示的与APEC国家的贸易逆差和与亚洲国家的贸易逆差之间的差异并不能完全解释美国与非亚洲APEC国家的贸易逆差。图1中显示的与亚太经合组织亚洲国家的贸易逆差略有夸大，因为它包括了非亚太经合组织亚洲国家，例如印度。)然而，2018年，美国对亚太经合组织4个非亚洲国家中的3个实现了贸易顺差。由于亚太经合组织是一个松散的联合体，决定和承诺对个别贸易伙伴没有约束力，一些成员国彼此之间签订了更实质性的贸易协定。例如，美国与加拿大和墨西哥签订了最初的北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)，该协定被最近的美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定(USMCA)所取代。美国还与包括大韩民国、澳大利亚、智利、秘鲁和新加坡在内的特定亚太经合组织成员签署了一项单独协议;并于2020年1月与日本签署了协议。在奥巴马执政期间，各方齐心协力，在战略上把重点放在美国与亚洲之间的贸易自由化上(7)。这一努力在12个国家签署的《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(TPP)中得到了体现。(最初的12个TPP签署国包括澳大利亚、文莱、加拿大、智利、日本、马来西亚、墨西哥、新西兰、秘鲁)《亚洲粮食市场贸易格局的变化:美国视角》，美国华盛顿州普尔曼华盛顿州立大学经济科学学院教授、华盛顿州立大学经济科学学院客座教授Thomas B. Mick, P.O. 亚洲大陆的小麦市场在数量和价值上都是美国小麦最重要的目的地。此外，预计亚洲国家人口和收入的增长表明，美国小麦出口商未来将有巨大的增长机会。随着亚洲收入的增长，从购买“小麦”到购买“优质小麦”的转变将有利于美国生产商。保持亚洲现有市场并在不断扩大的市场中发展壮大，关键在于发展和维护稳定、公平的贸易环境。尽管美国在这样的环境中处于有利地位，但它确实面临着来自其他出口国的重大竞争。根据美国农业部的预测，美国在世界小麦贸易中的份额预计将在未来十年下降。因此，维持目前与亚洲的关系，并在存在增长机会的地区进行扩张，将是美国小麦出口未来的关键。美国与现有或潜在小麦客户之间的任何双边贸易摩擦都可能侵蚀美国在更稳定的贸易环境中拥有的任何竞争优势。因此，成功的关键是持续关注质量，并与美国客户建立牢固、稳定和有利的关系。美国和亚洲之间的贸易在过去十年中显著增长，但也并非没有争议，并没有平等地影响到所有部门。图1显示了美国的总出口、进口以及美国和亚洲国家之间的货物贸易差额。如图所示，在过去十年中，从美国的角度来看，贸易差额越来越负。不断增长的贸易逆差一直是本届美国政府关注的主要问题，并被用来证明从2018年开始对进口到美国的商品征收关税的合理性(1)。美国与亚洲国家的大部分贸易都是在亚太经合组织(APEC)的框架下进行的。亚太经合组织是一个为促进21个成员之间的经贸投资和区域合作而组织的论坛。亚太经合组织的亚洲成员包括中华人民共和国;中国香港;印尼;日本;大韩民国;马来西亚;菲律宾;新加坡;中国台北;泰国;越南;文莱达鲁萨兰国;和巴布亚新几内亚。非亚洲成员国包括澳大利亚、加拿大、智利、墨西哥、新西兰、秘鲁、俄罗斯联邦和美国。APEC成员合计占世界国内生产总值(GDP)的60%左右，占所有贸易的47%(7)。APEC的所有决策都是通过协商一致做出的，单个贸易伙伴之间的承诺是自愿的。然而，美国贸易代表办公室认为，随着时间的推移，加入APEC导致成员之间的关税和其他贸易壁垒减少，并促进了该地区的经济增长(7)。2018年，美国对所有APEC国家的贸易逆差约为6770亿美元，比2017年增长9.6%(7)。从图1可以看出，这一逆差的绝大部分来自与亚洲伙伴的贸易。(注意，图1所示的与APEC国家的贸易逆差和与亚洲国家的贸易逆差之间的差异并不能完全解释美国与非亚洲APEC国家的贸易逆差。图1中显示的与亚太经合组织亚洲国家的贸易逆差略有夸大，因为它包括了非亚太经合组织亚洲国家，例如印度。)然而，2018年，美国对亚太经合组织4个非亚洲国家中的3个实现了贸易顺差。由于亚太经合组织是一个松散的联合体，决定和承诺对个别贸易伙伴没有约束力，一些成员国彼此之间签订了更实质性的贸易协定。例如，美国与加拿大和墨西哥签订了最初的北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)，该协定被最近的美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定(USMCA)所取代。美国还与包括大韩民国、澳大利亚、智利、秘鲁和新加坡在内的特定亚太经合组织成员签署了一项单独协议;并于2020年1月与日本签署了协议。在奥巴马执政期间，各方齐心协力，在战略上把重点放在美国与亚洲之间的贸易自由化上(7)。这一努力在12个国家签署的《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(TPP)中得到了体现。(最初的12个TPP签署国包括澳大利亚、文莱、加拿大、智利、日本、马来西亚、墨西哥、新西兰、秘鲁)《亚洲粮食市场贸易格局的变化:美国视角》，美国华盛顿州普尔曼华盛顿州立大学经济科学学院教授、华盛顿州立大学经济科学学院客座教授Thomas B. Mick, P.O. 美国华盛顿州普尔曼646210号信箱，99164-6210，电话:+
{"title":"The Changing Trade Landscape in Asian Grain Markets: A U.S. Perspective","authors":"T. Fortenbery","doi":"10.1094/cfw-65-5-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/cfw-65-5-0050","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat markets on the Asian continent represent the most important destinations for U.S. wheat—both by volume and value. In addition, projected increases in population and incomes in Asian countries suggest there are significant growth opportunities for U.S. wheat exporters going forward. As Asian incomes grow, the transition from buying “wheat” to buying “quality wheat” will work in favor of U.S. producers. The key to maintaining current Asian markets, and growing in expanding markets, is developing and maintaining a stable and equitable trade environment. Although the United States is well positioned to compete in such an environment, it does face significant competition from other exporters. According to U.S. Department of Agriculture projections, the U.S. share of the world wheat trade is expected to decline over the next decade. Thus, maintaining current Asian relationships and expanding where growth opportunities exist will be key to the future of U.S. wheat exports. Any bilateral trade frictions between the United States and current or potential wheat customers could erode any competitive advantage the United States has in a more stable trade environment. The key to success, then, is a continued focus on quality and building strong, stable, and favorable relationships with U.S. customers. Trade between the United States and Asia has grown significantly over the last decade, but it has not been without controversy and has not impacted all sectors equally. Total U.S. exports, imports, and the balance of trade for goods between the United States and Asian countries are shown in Figure 1. As shown in the graph, the balance of trade has grown increasingly negative over the last decade from a U.S. perspective. The growing trade deficit has been a major concern of the current U.S. administration and was used to help justify the imposition of tariffs on goods imported into the United States, especially from China, beginning in 2018 (1). Much of the U.S. trade with Asian countries occurs under the umbrella of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). APEC is a forum organized to facilitate economic trade and investment and regional cooperation among its 21 members. Asian members of APEC include the People’s Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; the Republic of Korea; Malaysia; the Philippines; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; Vietnam; Brunei Darussalam; and Papua New Guinea. Non-Asian member countries include Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, the Russian Federation, and the United States. Together, APEC members account for about 60% of world gross domestic product (GDP), and 47% of all trade (7). All APEC decisions are made by consensus, and commitments among the individual trading partners are voluntary. However, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative argues that participation in APEC has led to a reduction in tariffs and other trade barriers between members over time and has led to economic growth in th","PeriodicalId":50707,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Foods World","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61185823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spotlight on the International Food Protection Training Institute","authors":"","doi":"10.1094/cfw-65-1-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/cfw-65-1-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50707,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Foods World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61185834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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