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Foreign Animal Disease in the Feed Industry: What Are the Risks, and What Can We Do? 饲料行业的外来动物疾病:有哪些风险,我们能做些什么?
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-1-0008
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引用次数: 0
Alternative Grains for the Food Industry 食品工业的替代谷物
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-2-0012
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引用次数: 0
Health Claims for Food—The Need for More Harmonization 食品的健康声明——需要更多的协调
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-3-0031
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引用次数: 0
Application of Choice Modeling for Understanding Wheat User Preferences in Southeast Asia 选择模型在理解东南亚小麦用户偏好中的应用
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-5-0056
R. Kingwell, Chris G. Carter
Southeast Asia is the largest and fastest growing destination for global wheat exports and is projected to attract 27.6 Mt of wheat from Canada, the United States, Argentina, the Black Sea region, and Australia in 2019–2020. This article outlines how choice modeling can be applied to improve wheat breeding to ensure new varieties are better suited to end-user preferences in Southeast Asia. We describe a choice modeling study involving Southeast Asian wheat buyers and millers responsible for more than 70% of flour production in the region. Depending on the food produced from wheat flour, similarities and some differences in the trait preferences of wheat buyers and millers were revealed. The choice modeling approach illustrated here could be applied to other grains, other products, and other regions. The export of agricultural commodities, like wheat, involves a multitude of decisions by buyers and providers of these commodities. The provision of wheat for export, for example, first involves decisions by plant breeders as to which parental materials to use in crossing programs and then later deciding which traits are worth selecting for in advanced plant lines (5,20). In the competitive world of grain export, being able to offer buyers fit-for-purpose wheat is an advantage. This article shows how use of choice modeling can aid wheat breeders to make better decisions to ensure their wheat varieties are truly fit-for-purpose in Southeast Asia, globally the largest outlet for wheat exports (11). Although rice is a principal dietary staple (24) in Southeast Asia, a gradual dietary shift is underway in most Southeast Asian countries toward greater consumption of other grains, especially wheat (13). In many Southeast Asian countries, higher per capita incomes and continuing urbanization favor increased per capita consumption of wheat and a lesser role of rice in diets (4,27,28). However, Southeast Asian countries are climatically unsuited to wheat production, so they must rely on wheat imports to satisfy their wheat consumption needs. In Southeast Asia, wheat imports have risen from 1 Mt in 1961 to a projected 27.6 Mt in 2019–2020 (11). Wheat-based foods such as instant noodles have rapidly become popular. For example, wheat-based instant noodles were first introduced in Indonesia in the 1970s, yet it is now the second largest instant noodle market globally (behind China), accounting for almost 15% of global consumption of instant noodles (16,17). Indonesia is also the fourth largest per capita consumer of instant noodles globally. Such is the demand for wheat emanating from Southeast Asian countries that Southeast Asia is now the largest and fastest growing destination for wheat exports, attracting wheat from Canada, the United States, Argentina, the Black Sea region, and Australia. Indonesia, for example, is now the world’s second-largest importer of wheat. The logistics of wheat importation are well established, with wheat being an internationally tr
东南亚是全球小麦出口最大、增长最快的目的地,预计2019-2020年将从加拿大、美国、阿根廷、黑海地区和澳大利亚吸引2760万吨小麦。本文概述了选择模型如何应用于改进小麦育种,以确保新品种更适合东南亚最终用户的偏好。我们描述了一项选择模型研究,涉及东南亚小麦买家和磨坊主,他们负责该地区70%以上的面粉生产。根据小麦粉生产的食物,小麦购买者和磨坊主在性状偏好上的相似之处和一些差异被揭示出来。这里说明的选择建模方法可以应用于其他谷物、其他产品和其他地区。小麦等农产品的出口涉及这些商品的买家和供应商的众多决策。例如,提供小麦出口,首先涉及到植物育种者决定在杂交计划中使用哪种亲本材料,然后决定在高级植物品系中选择哪些性状(5,20)。在竞争激烈的粮食出口领域,能够向买家提供适合用途的小麦是一种优势。本文展示了选择模型的使用如何帮助小麦育种者做出更好的决策,以确保他们的小麦品种真正适合东南亚这个全球最大的小麦出口市场(11)。虽然大米是东南亚的主要主食(24),但大多数东南亚国家的饮食结构正在逐渐转向更多地食用其他谷物,尤其是小麦(13)。在许多东南亚国家,较高的人均收入和持续的城市化有利于增加人均小麦消费量,减少大米在饮食中的作用(4,27,28)。然而,东南亚国家的气候不适合小麦生产,因此它们必须依靠小麦进口来满足其小麦消费需求。在东南亚,小麦进口量已从1961年的100万吨增加到2019-2020年预计的2760万吨(11)。方便面等以小麦为基础的食品迅速流行起来。例如,以小麦为基础的方便面于20世纪70年代首次在印度尼西亚推出,但它现在是全球第二大方便面市场(仅次于中国),占全球方便面消费量的近15%(16,17)。印尼也是全球第四大人均方便面消费国。东南亚国家对小麦的需求如此之大,以至于东南亚现在是小麦出口的最大和增长最快的目的地,吸引了来自加拿大、美国、阿根廷、黑海地区和澳大利亚的小麦。例如,印尼现在是世界第二大小麦进口国。小麦进口的物流已经建立良好,小麦是一种国际贸易商品,其基础是运输合同,该合同规定了小麦货物的关键要求特征(例如,水分含量、蛋白质范围、测试重量、小麦类别)。一些合约特征,如小麦等级,代表了特定最终产品所需的一系列小麦品质特征(6)。小麦品质是一个复杂的问题(21,26)。小麦被加工成面粉后,可以用来制作面包、意大利面、面条、饺子、蛋糕、糕点、饼干等各种最终产品。然而,每种最终产品都需要特殊的面粉品质,通常是由不同品质的小麦粉混合而成,任何面粉的小麦品质都是由小麦植物遗传、原产国的气候和进口国使用的谷物加工系统的复杂相互作用产生的。通常,小麦质量是通过诸如小麦等级、谷物硬度、谷物蛋白质含量、测试重量、下降数测量和水分含量等指标来近似衡量的,所有这些指标都包含在运输合同规范中。然而,几乎所有的运输合同都没有完全指定最终用户的基本功能需求。与其依赖贸易合同中规定的有限的小麦品质指标,还不如更直接、更准确地确定关键小麦用户在生产特定终端产品时所偏爱的小麦品质特征。更全面和准确地了解最终用户的性状偏好可以促进小麦育种者的决策,他们负责在新品种中组合各种性状,为农民和随后依赖该小麦生产各种最终产品的人提供利益。这个问题是本文的重点。 东南亚是全球小麦出口最大、增长最快的目的地,预计2019-2020年将从加拿大、美国、阿根廷、黑海地区和澳大利亚吸引2760万吨小麦。本文概述了选择模型如何应用于改进小麦育种,以确保新品种更适合东南亚最终用户的偏好。我们描述了一项选择模型研究,涉及东南亚小麦买家和磨坊主,他们负责该地区70%以上的面粉生产。根据小麦粉生产的食物,小麦购买者和磨坊主在性状偏好上的相似之处和一些差异被揭示出来。这里说明的选择建模方法可以应用于其他谷物、其他产品和其他地区。小麦等农产品的出口涉及这些商品的买家和供应商的众多决策。例如,提供小麦出口,首先涉及到植物育种者决定在杂交计划中使用哪种亲本材料,然后决定在高级植物品系中选择哪些性状(5,20)。在竞争激烈的粮食出口领域,能够向买家提供适合用途的小麦是一种优势。本文展示了选择模型的使用如何帮助小麦育种者做出更好的决策,以确保他们的小麦品种真正适合东南亚这个全球最大的小麦出口市场(11)。虽然大米是东南亚的主要主食(24),但大多数东南亚国家的饮食结构正在逐渐转向更多地食用其他谷物,尤其是小麦(13)。在许多东南亚国家,较高的人均收入和持续的城市化有利于增加人均小麦消费量,减少大米在饮食中的作用(4,27,28)。然而,东南亚国家的气候不适合小麦生产,因此它们必须依靠小麦进口来满足其小麦消费需求。在东南亚,小麦进口量已从1961年的100万吨增加到2019-2020年预计的2760万吨(11)。方便面等以小麦为基础的食品迅速流行起来。例如,以小麦为基础的方便面于20世纪70年代首次在印度尼西亚推出,但它现在是全球第二大方便面市场(仅次于中国),占全球方便面消费量的近15%(16,17)。印尼也是全球第四大人均方便面消费国。东南亚国家对小麦的需求如此之大,以至于东南亚现在是小麦出口的最大和增长最快的目的地,吸引了来自加拿大、美国、阿根廷、黑海地区和澳大利亚的小麦。例如,印尼现在是世界第二大小麦进口国。小麦进口的物流已经建立良好,小麦是一种国际贸易商品,其基础是运输合同,该合同规定了小麦货物的关键要求特征(例如,水分含量、蛋白质范围、测试重量、小麦类别)。一些合约特征,如小麦等级,代表了特定最终产品所需的一系列小麦品质特征(6)。小麦品质是一个复杂的问题(21,26)。小麦被加工成面粉后,可以用来制作面包、意大利面、面条、饺子、蛋糕、糕点、饼干等各种最终产品。然而,每种最终产品都需要特殊的面粉品质,通常是由不同品质的小麦粉混合而成,任何面粉的小麦品质都是由小麦植物遗传、原产国的气候和进口国使用的谷物加工系统的复杂相互作用产生的。通常,小麦质量是通过诸如小麦等级、谷物硬度、谷物蛋白质含量、测试重量、下降数测量和水分含量等指标来近似衡量的,所有这些指标都包含在运输合同规范中。然而,几乎所有的运输合同都没有完全指定最终用户的基本功能需求。与其依赖贸易合同中规定的有限的小麦品质指标,还不如更直接、更准确地确定关键小麦用户在生产特定终端产品时所偏爱的小麦品质特征。更全面和准确地了解最终用户的性状偏好可以促进小麦育种者的决策,他们负责在新品种中组合各种性状,为农民和随后依赖该小麦生产各种最终产品的人提供利益。这个问题是本文的重点。 具体来说,我们确定了东南亚主要市场的小麦买家和碾磨技术人员在最终目的是制作特定的面包或面条产品时最看重的质量属性。通过选择建模实验,收集他们小麦偏好的客观信息。更准确地说,确定最终用户的偏好并将信息反馈给小麦育种者,可以提高小麦出口国对东南亚最终用户需求的响应效率和有效性。对东南亚的粮食生产者来说,这意味着他们可以分享更好的决策所带来的效率收益,更准确地将小麦供应与期望的品质相匹配,以满足最终用户的需求。选择模型在理解东南亚小麦用户偏好中的应用[j] Ross Kingwell2 and Chris carter 31 1本研究由grain R&D Corporation (GRDC)资助。2西澳大利
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and Opportunities in Formulating with Pulse Ingredients 脉冲成分配方的挑战与机遇
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-2-0019
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引用次数: 3
SpaceBakery—Sourdough Bread on Planet Mars for Sustainable Innovation on Earth 太空烘焙——火星上的酸面包促进地球上的可持续创新
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-6-0066
Lucie Beckers, B. Pareyt
On May 30, 2020, SpaceX launched its first Falcon 9 rocket crewed mission and, with it, a new era of spaceflight in which low-Earth orbit is commercialized and private vehicles can now ferry people to and from space. According to SpaceX, this is a first step toward reaching the planet Mars and settling the first human colony. Although detailed technical elements are being investigated to reach this goal, the challenges of food supply and production have been left mainly unspoken. With a travel time of approximately 7–9 months, a minimum required stay of 2 years, and a high payload cost, it will be impossible to ship all nutrition from Earth to Mars. To tackle this challenge, Puratos, together with different partners, has launched SpaceBakery, a research project on how to feed the first Martian colonists. On May 30, 2020, SpaceX launched its first Falcon 9 rocket crewed mission and, with it, a new era of spaceflight in which low-Earth orbit is commercialized and private vehicles can now ferry people to and from space (7). According to SpaceX, this is a first step toward reaching the planet Mars and settling the first human colony at this remote location by 2024 (2). This disruptive idea has been explored by major space agencies, although spread over time due to high risk and investment costs. While detailed technical elements are being investigated on how to reach this goal, the challenges of food supply and production have been left mainly unspoken. With a travel time of approximately 7–9 months, a minimum required stay of 2 years, and a high payload cost, it will be impossible to ship all nutrition from Earth to Mars. To tackle this challenge, Puratos, a global ingredient supplier for bakery, patisserie, and chocolate, together with different partners has launched SpaceBakery, a research project on how to feed the first Martian colonists. SpaceBakery has been set up around the idea of developing a “closed ecological plant cultivation system and bakery” suitable for a Mars mission concept but designed and engineered for direct equivalent applications on Earth: a closed and self-sustainable modular system that is independent from agricultural land or climate and makes optimal use of resources. The specific objective of the project consortium has direct parallels with the challenges of bioregenerative life-support technologies for space applications. As such, the consortium is also targeting valorization on Earth of developed technologies, as some of the challenges faced are quite similar, although to a different extent, to those faced by future colonies on Mars. In this context, one can think about spillover of solutions, such as tackling water scarcity and extreme climate conditions, efficient nutrient use (both for plants and humans), as well concepts based on food circularity. Because of the multidisciplinary approach, Puratos is partnering with research institutions (SCK.CEN, Ghent University, and Hasselt University) and technology providers (
2020年5月30日,SpaceX发射了首次猎鹰9号火箭载人飞行任务,由此开启了近地轨道商业化、私人飞行器可以载人往返太空的航天新时代。据SpaceX公司称,这是到达火星并建立第一个人类殖民地的第一步。虽然为实现这一目标正在调查详细的技术因素,但粮食供应和生产方面的挑战基本上没有提到。由于旅行时间大约为7-9个月,最低要求停留时间为2年,并且有效载荷成本很高,因此不可能将所有营养从地球运送到火星。为了应对这一挑战,焙乐道与不同的合作伙伴一起发起了“太空面包店”,这是一个研究如何为第一批火星殖民者提供食物的项目。2020年5月30日,SpaceX公司推出了第一个猎鹰9号火箭载人任务,有了它,一个新时代的近地轨道的航天商业化和私人汽车现在可以运送人与空间(7)。根据SpaceX公司,这是一个到达火星的第一步,解决第一个人类殖民地在远程位置,2024(2)。这个颠覆性的想法已经被主要研究空间机构,尽管随着时间的推移,由于高传播风险和投资成本。虽然正在研究如何实现这一目标的详细技术因素,但粮食供应和生产方面的挑战基本上没有提到。由于旅行时间大约为7-9个月,最低要求停留时间为2年,并且有效载荷成本很高,因此不可能将所有营养从地球运送到火星。为了应对这一挑战,焙乐道(焙乐道是烘焙、糕点和巧克力的全球原料供应商)与不同的合作伙伴一起启动了太空烘焙,这是一个研究如何养活第一批火星殖民者的项目。SpaceBakery围绕着开发一种“封闭生态植物种植系统和面包店”的理念而建立,适用于火星任务概念,但设计和设计适用于地球上的直接等效应用:一个封闭的、自我可持续的模块化系统,独立于农业用地或气候,最大限度地利用资源。项目联盟的具体目标与空间应用生物再生生命支持技术的挑战有直接的相似之处。因此,该联盟还瞄准了在地球上实现发达技术的增值,因为所面临的一些挑战与未来在火星上的殖民地所面临的挑战非常相似,尽管程度不同。在此背景下,人们可以考虑解决方案的溢出效应,例如解决水资源短缺和极端气候条件,有效利用营养物质(包括植物和人类),以及基于食物循环的概念。由于多学科的方法,焙乐道正在与研究机构(SCK)合作。CEN,根特大学和哈瑟尔特大学)和技术供应商(城市作物解决方案,魔术仪器)一起研究如何在受控环境下以最小的资源使用生产小麦(和面包)。SpaceBakery创新地深入研究了从种子到面包的整个周期,强调循环性和可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Transportation of Food through the Global Food System 通过全球粮食系统运输粮食
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-1-0001
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引用次数: 0
Biological Contamination of Grains in Transportation—Farm to Fork 粮食运输过程中的生物污染——从农场到餐桌
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-1-0003
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引用次数: 2
Interview with Mike Gidley 采访迈克·吉德利
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-3-0035
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引用次数: 0
Unconventional Food Plants as an Alternative in Starch Production 作为淀粉生产替代品的非常规食用植物
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1094/cfw-65-2-0018
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Cereal Foods World
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