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Effects of mowing and removing litter on reproductive shoot modules of some plant species in abandoned meadows of Monte San Giorgio 刈割和清除凋落物对圣乔治山废弃草甸几种植物生殖芽模块的影响
Pub Date : 1992-06-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-70932
A. Stampfli
Reproductive shoot modules have been counted in a permanent plot experiment on Monte San Giorgio (Southern Switzerland) since 1988. The 8 species presented here, including the dominant grass (Molinia arundinacea) and seven locally abundant species, two grasses (Danthonia alpina, Bromus erectus), a sedge (Carex flacca) and four forbs (Centaurea bracteata, Anthericum ramosum, Serratula tinctoria, Inula hirta) changed considerably from year to year. Mowing negatively affected cover and standing crop proportions of M. arundinacea and positively influenced the number of reproductive shoot modules of most species. Removing litter did not affect the cover of M. arundinacea but mainly increased its number of reproductive shoot modules. It is concluded that density of reproductive shoots is very sensitive to weather condi¬ tions and different treatments.
自1988年以来,在圣乔治山(瑞士南部)进行的一项永久性小区试验中,对生殖芽模块进行了计数。8种植物,包括优势草(Molinia arundinacea)和7种本地丰富的植物,2种草(Danthonia alpina, Bromus erectus), 1种莎草(Carex flacca)和4种草本(centaurrea bracteata, Anthericum ramosum, Serratula tinctoria, Inula hirta),每年都有很大的变化。刈割对黄花菊的盖度和立木比例有负向影响,对大部分种属的生殖芽模块数有正向影响。清除凋落物对黄花菊的盖度没有影响,但主要增加了其生殖芽模块的数量。结果表明,繁殖芽密度对气候条件和不同处理非常敏感。
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引用次数: 5
Liste Rouge des Macrolichens de la Suisse 瑞士大地衣红色名单
Pub Date : 1992-01-01 DOI: 10.7892/BORIS.120892
P. Clerc, C. Scheidegger, Klaus Ammann
A preliminary list of 152 threatened macrolichens in Switzerland (37% ofthe Swiss flora) is presented. 13 taxa (9% ofthe total amount of species comprised in the Red data list) are considered to be extinct, 35 (23%) strongly endangered, 25 (16%) endangered, 45 (30%) vulnerable and 34 (22%) rare. The following species: Cetraria oakesiana, C. sepincola, Lobaria amplissima, L. scrobiculata, Nephroma bellum, Pannaria conoplea, Parmelia arnoldii, P. sinuosa, P. stuppea, Peltigera venosa, Ramalina obtusata, R. roesleri, R. thrausta, Sticta fuliginosa, S. sylvatica et Usnea longissima are comprised in the Red data lists of Austria, Germany and the European Community. They are considered to be threatened in their entire distribution area in Europe. Therefore they and their habitats should be protected in priority. The possibilities of protecting them are briefly discussed.
提出了瑞士152种受威胁的大地衣的初步名单(占瑞士植物群的37%)。13个分类群(占红色数据列表中物种总数的9%)被认为已经灭绝,35个(23%)濒临灭绝,25个(16%)濒临灭绝,45个(30%)脆弱,34个(22%)稀有。奥地利、德国和欧共体的红色数据列表中包括了下列物种:橡木天竺葵(Cetraria oakesiana)、sepincola、大叶天竺葵(Lobaria amplissima)、scrobiculata、大叶天竺葵(Nephroma bellum)、Pannaria conoplea、Parmelia arnoldii、P. sinuosa、P. stuppea、Peltigera venosa、Ramalina obtusata、R. roesleri、R. thrausta、Sticta fuliginosa、S. sylvatica和Usnea longissima。它们被认为在欧洲的整个分布区域受到威胁。因此,应该优先保护它们和它们的栖息地。简要讨论了保护它们的可能性。
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引用次数: 21
Ethylenabhängige Wachstums- und Entwicklungsprozesse bei Stecklingen der Brunnenkresse (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) 膝盖(nasturder在产卵增长和发展过程)
Pub Date : 1991-06-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-70307
Thomas Schwegler, R. Brändle
Ethylene promotes shoot formation from buds and restricts adventitous root formation in cuttings of the water cress. The ethylene effects are counteracted by silver ions but not by cobalt ions in the presence of ethylene. Flooding or submergence of cuttings mimics the ethylene mediated growth processes. The internal atmosphere of submerged plant tissues is enriched in ethylene. Despite the limited development of the adventitous root system, plantlets regenerate to independent plants within a few days. This behaviour can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to periodical flooding as occurs in the natural habitats such as small, fast moving rivers.
乙烯促进水田芥扦插中芽的形成,限制不定根的形成。乙烯效应被银离子抵消,但在乙烯存在下钴离子不抵消。淹没或淹没的岩屑模拟乙烯介导的生长过程。浸没植物组织的内部大气富含乙烯。尽管不定根系统的发育有限,但植株在几天内再生为独立的植株。这种行为可以解释为一种适应周期性洪水的策略,这种洪水发生在自然栖息地,如小而湍急的河流。
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引用次数: 5
Botaniker in Bern 伯尔尼的植物学家
Pub Date : 1990-10-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-69729
O. Hegg
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引用次数: 0
Palynostratigraphische Untersuchungen zur spät- und postglazialen Vegetationsgeschichte der nordwestlichen Kalkvoralpen 研究用优质羊皮纸制成的优质羊皮纸
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-69711
S. Wegmuêller, A. Lotter
Im Niedersimmental (Berner Oberland) wurde je ein Moor der montanen (Aegelsee, 995m u.M.) und der subalpinen Stufe (Schwarzmoos, 1770 m u.M.) palynostratigraphisch untersucht. Zwei Vegetationskarten (Abb. 4 und 10) vermitteln Aufschluss uber die aktuelle Vegetation beider Moore. Anhand zahlreicher Sondierungen wurde die Stratigraphie der Beckenfullungen geklart (Abb. 5 und 6, Abb. 11 und 12). Beide Mulden wurden bereits vor dem Beginn des Bolling-Interstadials eisfrei. Im Aegelsee setzten die organischen Ablagerungen im Boreal ein, im Schwarzmoos im Ubergang vom Jungern Atlantikum zum Subboreal (5000 B.P.). Uber die Grundzuge der vegetationsgeschichtlichen Entwicklung auf beiden Hohenstufen orientiert die Tabelle 3. Am Aegelsee setzte die spatglaziale Wiederbewaldung um 12700 B.P. mit Juniperus-Hippophae-Bestanden ein, die ab 12500 B.P. von Baumbirken abgelost wurden. Innerhalb des Bolling-Interstadials lies sich eine klimatisch regressive Phase nachweisen, die zeitlich vor 12000 B.P. einzustufen ist. Von 12000 B.P. an breitete sich Pinus (silvestris) aus. Der Nachweis einer dunnen Schicht der Laacher See Tephra ermoglichte eine genaue zeitliche Abgrenzung des Allerod-Interstadials von der Jungern Dryaszeit (11000 B.P.). Wahrend der Jungern Dryaszeit lag die Waldgrenze oberhalb des Aegelsees. Die Umgebung des Schwarzmooses blieb wahrend des gesamten Spatglazials unbewaldet. Weithin herrschte auf den Rohschuttboden eine offene Pioniervegetation mit vereinzelten Juniperus- und Salix-Gebuschen vor. Am Aegelsee folgte auf die praborealen Fohren-Birken-Walder im Boreal die EMW/ Corylus Ausbreitung. Die Einwanderung und Ausbreitung von Abies setzte zwischen 6600 und 6300 B.P. ein, jene von Picea zwischen 5400 und 5000 B.P. Der praboreale Birkenvorstos durfte sich bis in die Umgebung des Schwarzmooses ausgewirkt haben. Zu Beginn des Boreals kam es hier zur Ausbreitung artenreicher Krautfluren, die erst am Ende des Jungern Atlantikums durch den vorruckenden Fichtenwald verdrangt wurden. Um rund 8500 B.P. setzte die Einwanderung von Pinus cembra und bald darauf auch jene von Larix decidua ein. Die Einwanderung von Picea setzte in der subalpinen Stufe um rund 5500 B.P. ein (erste Spuren um 6500 B.P.); eine sehr kraftige Ausbreitung, die durch zahlreiche Makroreste belegt ist, erfolgte um 5000 B.P. Gleichzeitig stieg die Waldgrenze uber das Schwarzmoor hinaus an. Von diesem Zeitpunkt weg herrschten in der subalpinen Stufe der Gegend bis zum Beginn des Jungern Subatlantikums (1000 B.P.) Fichtenwalder und an exponierten Stellen Bergfohren-Bestande vor. Erste Anzeichen der Landnahme zeichnen sich am Aegelsee fur die Zeit von 5400- 5000 B.P. (Picea-Anstieg!) ab; weitere Rodungen erfolgten in der spaten Bronzezeit und dann sehr einschneidende im Mittelalter. In der subalpinen Stufe setzten die grosen Weiderodungen im Jungern Subatlantikum ein.
有人在伯尔尼中部的沼泽(宙斯盾湖,995m英尺)和苏巴底平原(黑苔藓,1770米;安息)都被研究过。两份植物气图(图4和10)描述了两处沼泽现在的植物许多试探看,他们调出了河畔的河畔(图5、6、图11、12)。两个鼹鼠在博尔林国际体育场的开幕前就已经被剥去了冰。宙斯盾湖里的有机体沉淀物落到底岩处,在黑潮海藻区由年轻的大西洋向南半球。Uber关于这两大草原植物历史发展的起源,表3是参考的。在宙斯盾海湾艾德莲马登艾德莲帕特在12700血压和嬉皮士艾德莲帕特上船在博尔林国际赛场上展现出的是一个气候回归时期发生的首次亮相应该是在12000 . p之前有12000部左右的透支考古学家观测到平原上形成了一层薄雾,用来划定罗得岛与德烈斯季之间的相对时间。(11000部)吉莫尼的处女在宙斯盾以北的树林里被发现了黑沼泽的周围全无森林陶土上有很多先锋植物,有零星的谢庇乌斯和撒立克斯丸子。在宙斯盾湖畔,韦斯加勒河紧接着是中部边境的紫色狐狸树林,EMW/ Corylus蔓延。阿比斯的移民和扩张达到6600至6300血压,普利兹河达到5400至5000血压,普西佗伯前沃斯特河有可能侵入黑沼泽地区。多汁的苔藓就这样一直在大西洋彼岸的苔藓就被虫虫们压垮了比尔松琴的数量已达8500余人…不久后进入德西杜亚的移民系统后巴伐利亚州(位于喀尔巴阡山上的海岛)每层黑板已经达到5,450磅(前6500磅)。与此同时,森林线深入了黑沼泽。从那时起,苏珊在这片地区的苏巴平阶段一直统治到儿子诞生的亚贝特兰特梯级(1000部b . p)。云歌森林里的故事较早前,宙斯盾湖有5400—5000股动力在青铜时代和中古时期,以色列人还在割草,后来割到非常尖锐的时期。在苏巴林梯级上草地连接到年轻的suba分隔状态。
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引用次数: 33
Ramularia Rubella (Bon.) Nannf. as a potential mycoherbicide against Rumex weeds 风疹麻药Nannf。作为一种潜在的杀菌剂
Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-69132
Gisela Huber-Meinicke, G. Défago, L. Sedlar
The host range of the leaf fungus Ramularia rubella (Bon.) Nannf. is restricted to the subgenus Rumex, to which the most noxious weeds of the genus belong: R. crispus and R. obtusifolius. Repeated infections of R. obtusifolius L. with this pathogen stopped the growth of the weed in the greenhouse. Leaf number decreased and the dry matter of the roots was distinctly reduced: after 6 weeks it amounted to 59%, and after 11 weeks to 53% of that of non-inoculated control plants
风疹木耳(Ramularia rubella)的寄主范围Nannf。局限于Rumex亚属,该属中最毒的杂草是:crispus和obtusifolius。该病原菌多次侵染后,温室内杂草生长停止。叶片数量减少,根系干物质明显减少,6周后为对照的59%,11周后为对照的53%
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引用次数: 10
Auswirkungen niedriger Temperaturen auf die Fettsäurezusammensetzung der Kalluskulturen von Cichorium endivia L. und Lactuca sativa L. 低温度对锡科里恩氏L和Lactuca塞拉壳酸构成的影响。
Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-6913
Thomas Henzi, Jacques Voland, R. Brändle
The fatty acid composition of callus cultures of salad vegetables differing in chilling sensitivity was analysed. A growth temperature of 12°C (8 h)/4°C (16 h) increases the content of unsaturated linolenic acid and therefore the degree of lipid desaturation in Cichorium endivia L. var. "Prima Rossa". This increased desaturation can be demonstrated in the total lipid extract, in triglycerides, in phospholipids and in mitochondrial lipids. The low temperature induced changes are reversible. Callus tissue returned to 25 °C after a period of low temperature treatment shows a fatty acid composition similar to the original. The chilling-resistant Lactuca sativa L. var. "Arctic King" has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids even at 25°C which is unchanged at low growth temperature.
分析了不同冷敏感性沙拉蔬菜愈伤组织培养物的脂肪酸组成。12°C (8 h)/4°C (16 h)的生长温度增加了菊苣中不饱和亚麻酸的含量,从而提高了脂质去饱和程度。“Prima路人”。这种增加的去饱和可以在总脂质提取物、甘油三酯、磷脂和线粒体脂质中得到证明。低温引起的变化是可逆的。经过一段时间的低温处理后,恢复到25°C的愈伤组织显示出与原始组织相似的脂肪酸组成。抗冷性油菜的研究。“北极王”在25℃时多不饱和脂肪酸含量也很高,在低生长温度下也保持不变。
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引用次数: 0
Photoperiodic floral induction and glucose content changes in spinach, mustard and Chenopodium rubrum plants 菠菜、芥菜和红藜植物的光周期花诱导和葡萄糖含量变化
Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-69131
R. Agosti, M. Bonzon, H. Greppin
In long day plants such as spinach or mustard cultivated under short-day conditions (8 h oflight), the lengthening of the photoperiod results in a very large increase in glucose content which starts when the approximate floral photoperiod is reached. In the short day plant Chenopodium rubrum subjected to a transfer from continuons light to darkness, the glucose content decreases according to a mirror image ofwhat is observed in the long day plants. These results suggest that photoperiodic flower induction is characterized by a common modification of the carbohydrate metabolism and/or by a change in their compartmentation
在长日照植物中,如在短日照条件下(8小时)栽培的菠菜或芥菜,光周期的延长导致葡萄糖含量的大幅增加,这在接近花的光周期达到时开始。在白天较短的植物红藜中,葡萄糖含量从持续的光照转移到黑暗中,与在白天较长的植物中观察到的情况相反。这些结果表明,光周期花诱导的特征是碳水化合物代谢的共同改变和/或它们的区隔的变化
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引用次数: 6
Postanoxische Effekte von Äthanol in Rhizomen von Glyceria maxima (Hartman) Holmberg, Iris germanica L. und Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin. 在霍姆博格(哈特曼)甘菊糖体的rhizome中含有乙醇的氧化作用,艾蕊丝•杰曼尼卡•兰米斯(卡夫•安非他酮)。
Pub Date : 1988-01-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-68576
C. Studer, R. Brändle
In rhizomes of the wetland species Glyceria maxima and Phragmites australis oxygen uptake is less sensitive to ethanol than in the rhizomes of the dryland plant Iris germanica. Applied ethanol in the same concentrations that accumulate in I. germanica during a 48 h anaerobic treatment, exert a strong inhibitory effect on the oxygen uptake of the rhizomes under air. During the same time span under anoxia, I. germanica produces more ethanol than the two wetland species. During post-anoxia the degradation rate of internal ethanol is rather low in comparison with its synthesis under anoxia. This behaviour is closely associated with the higher alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the direction of ethanol production, as compared with the activity in the direction of ethanol decomposition. However, post-anoxic rhizomes of I. germanica also show an unhindered rise in acetaldehyde concentration. This is not true for the post-anoxic wetland plant rhizomes. Therefore, post-anoxic injury by elevated acetaldehyde concentrations in rhizomes of I. germanica cannot be excluded.
湿地植物甘油三酯(Glyceria maxima)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)的根状茎对乙醇的吸氧敏感性低于旱地植物德国鸢尾(Iris germanica)的根状茎。在厌氧处理48 h时,在空气条件下,施加与德国啤酒花体内积累量相同浓度的乙醇,对根状茎的吸氧有较强的抑制作用。在相同的时间跨度内,在缺氧条件下,德国水草比两种湿地植物产生更多的乙醇。在缺氧后,体内乙醇的降解率较缺氧条件下的合成率低。这种行为与乙醇生产方向的乙醇脱氢酶活性比乙醇分解方向的活性高密切相关。然而,缺氧后的德国根状茎也表现出乙醛浓度的不受阻碍的上升。对于缺氧后的湿地植物根茎,情况并非如此。因此,不能排除德国根状茎中乙醛浓度升高引起的缺氧后损伤。
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引用次数: 6
The ability of a cultivar pathogenic race of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum to induce resistance to bean anthracnose in etiolated bean hypocotyls 黄化豆下胚轴中炭疽菌致病小种诱导抗豆炭疽病的能力
Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.5169/SEALS-67878
R. Engesser, C. Gessler
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引用次数: 1
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