Behavioural Neurology最新文献

As one of the seven primary nutrients in the human body, vitamins are vital to maintaining good health. In recent years, there has been a completely new understanding of vitamins, and researchers have conducted more thorough investigations on them. These compounds, once viewed simply as supplemental nutrients, are now believed to play a more complex and critical role in human health. On the other hand, ingesting too much vitamins may cause negative health effects. Multiple studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between neurological problems and excessive vitamin intake. The purpose of this paper is to review the toxic effects of excessive vitamin intake on the nervous system, focusing on vitamin A and some of the B vitamins. It also analyzes the relationship between excessive vitamin intake and neurological dysfunction by reviewing the research findings in recent years, mainly including their possible mechanisms of action, clinical manifestations, and preventive measures, to provide ideas and inspiration for the subsequent clinical research.

Background: Depression is one of the most common diseases in the world. Earlier research on the link between body mass index (BMI) and depression has been contentious. This study seeks to investigate the connection between BMI and depression among individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: All data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database 2017-2018. The Cox regression technique was employed to analyze the link between BMI and depression. To analyze the potential nonlinear connection between BMI and depression, Cox proportional hazards regression incorporating cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting was utilized. In addition, a two-segment Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to pinpoint the inflection point at which BMI impacts the likelihood of depression. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was the primary measure of depressive symptoms. Results: The mean age of the 1426 participants was 56.05 years with a standard deviation of 15.63 years, and approximately 49.30% of the sample were male. After controlling for confounding variables, BMI demonstrated a positive association with depression (OR:1.05, 95% CI:1.02-1.09, p < 0.004). The two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards regression model identified an inflection point for BMI at 29.8 kg/m². Below this inflection point (BMI ≤ 29.8 kg/m²), BMI was positively correlated with an increased risk of depression (OR:1.23, 95% CI:1.04-1.45, p < 0.014). Conversely, when BMI exceeded 29.8 kg/m², the association was not statistically significant (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98-1.07, p = 0.305). Conclusion: There is a nonlinear relationship between BMI and depression among patients with NAFLD. BMI was positively related to depression when BMI is less than 29.8 kg/m².

Introduction: Patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) exhibit higher levels of neuroticism and psychoticism and lower levels of extraversion, which may influence medication use. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze associations between personality traits (from Eysenck's model) and medication use in patients with FMS and to explore factors mediating/moderating these relations. Method: Data on personality, medication use, and clinical severity were collected from 94 FMS patients and 56 individuals from a nonclinical population. Results: Patients had higher neuroticism and psychoticism compared to participants from the nonclinical population, with no significant differences observed in extraversion. Neuroticism was positively associated with the use of antidepressants and anxiolytics, as well as with higher levels of anxiety and depression. In contrast, extraversion was negatively associated with the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and opioids and with lower anxiety, depression, and the emotional and cognitive dimensions of pain and a reduced prevalence of comorbid emotional disorders. Psychoticism was positively associated with the sensorial, emotional, and cognitive dimensions of pain. Depression and anxiety levels mediated the relationships between neuroticism and extraversion and the use of antidepressants and anxiolytics. Additionally, comorbid depressive disorders moderated the association between neuroticism and antidepressant use. Conclusion: Higher neuroticism and lower extraversion primarily increase the likelihood of using mood-regulating medications, but not analgesic drugs. Implementing coping strategies aimed at reducing neuroticism and enhancing extraversion may help to reduce medication use in patients with FMS.

Background: Epilepsy/seizures in meningioma patients may occur pre- or postoperatively, causing significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. Surgical excision is considered a standard management with variable rates of epilepsy/seizure resolution reported after surgery. Employing a national database, we examined the pre- and postoperative incidences of epilepsy/seizures and risk factors associated with postoperative epilepsy/seizures in patients readmitted within 30 days and/or 90 days following meningioma resection. Methods: The 2010-2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database was analyzed. Consecutive patients undergoing surgery for meningioma resection were identified using appropriate ICD-9-CM codes. Standard descriptive techniques and multivariate regression were used to identify predictors of postoperative epilepsy/seizure after discharge. Results: Among 46,107 patients undergoing meningioma resection at index hospitalization, 20.40% (n = 9408) had preoperative epilepsy/seizure diagnosis. The mean patient age was 58.37 ± 13.85 years. Patients with preoperative epilepsy/seizures were more likely to be male (p < 0.001), frail (p < 0.001), and with higher comorbidity index scores (p < 0.001). The overall readmission rate was 30.36% and was higher among patients with preoperative epilepsy/seizures (36.66% vs. 28.75%, p < 0.001). Respectively, 30- and 90-day readmission rates were higher among patients (13.22% vs. 11.73%, p < 0.001) and (23.25% vs 20.30%, p = 0.04) with epilepsy/seizure diagnosis at index admission. Predictors of postoperative epilepsy/seizures at 30- and 90-day readmissions included the preoperative epilepsy/seizure, malignant meningioma, peritumoral cerebral edema, and higher comorbidity index scores, while male sex was significant only at 30-day readmissions. Intraoperative electrocorticography was associated with a decreased likelihood of postoperative epilepsy/seizures. Conclusion: Development of epilepsy/seizures after meningioma resection is likely multifactorial. Identifying factors associated with postoperative epilepsy/seizures after discharge is important in triaging and closer monitoring of at-risk patients and for adapting management to help improve outcomes.

Previous research by Mehrinejad et al. found that parenting style affects offspring's brain development which later determines their creativity. They show that there is a significant positive relationship between authoritative parenting style and creativity. Meanwhile, neuroimaging studies by Takeuchi et al. have explained that offspring's creativity also differs depending on their empathizing-systemizing cognitive style. They show that both EQ and SQ were significantly and positively correlated with creativity. Combining the previous studies, we hypothesize that there exists an effect of the positive interaction between parenting style and the offspring's E-S cognitive style on the offspring's brain development and creativity. Whereas previous research on the offspring's creativity has focused on one dimension only, in the current study, for the first time, we investigated the effect of the interaction between parenting style and the offspring's E-S cognitive style on the offspring's brain development and creativity. We used voxel-based morphometry and questionnaires to investigate the gray matter correlates of the interaction between parenting style and the offspring's E-S cognitive style. With 675 healthy participants (average: 20 years old), using cross-sectional whole-brain multiple regression, we found significant interactive effects between parenting style and offspring's E-S cognitive style on regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the right supramarginal gyrus (R-SMG). We also found that the rGMV in the R-SMG was significantly and positively correlated with the offspring's originality/fluency scores, a dimension of creativity. Our findings suggest that offsprings who are raised with the appropriate parenting style according to their E-S cognitive style have a larger rGMV in the R-SMG. These offsprings exhibit a higher level of creativity, especially originality in divergent thinking, the ability to generate an idea that is different from that of others. In the future, we hope this research can provide critical information for parents regarding the parenting style that suits their offspring's E-S cognitive style to improve offspring's creativity and quality of life.

Background: Multiple sclerosis can cause walking and balance disorders. These complications cause extensive disturbances in the quality of life, independence, and self-care and affect many aspects of their lives. The guided imagery method is a simple, easy, and safe intervention. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of guided imagery on walking and balance dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis in 2023. Sixty-six patients were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups (n = 33). The intervention group listened to the audio file of nature-based guided imagery, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected by 6-min walk test, 25-ft walk test, and Berg balance scale before and after the intervention. Analysis of the average results of movement disorder and balance intra- and intergroup, before and after the study, was done with a paired t-test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance. The significance level in all tests is 0.05, with a confidence level of 95%. Results: After performing guided imagery, in the intervention group, walking dysfunction significantly improved, with changes from 429.55 ± 42.78 to 459.24 ± 41.48 in the 6-min walk test, 7.12 ± 0.37 to 6.74 ± 0.44 in the 25-ft walk test, and the improvement of balance level with changes of 26.60 ± 3.13 to 31.72 ± 3.64 in the Berg balance test. Conclusion: Using guided imagery can improve walking dysfunction and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20220614055170N1.

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are considered as the two main etiological reasons behind idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, the actual treatments are focused on improving motor symptoms by restoring dopamine (DA) presence, leaving said causes unattended. Probiotics could be a promising strategy for the improvement of these physiological features behind the disease and therefore constitute a complementary treatment for those having PD. This study evaluated the effect of the oral administration of a probiotic bacteria mixture from 3 strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum LH01, Limosilactobacillus reuteri LH03, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LH05 (LLH135), of human milk origin, for 4 weeks, on mice under the hemiparkinsonism model of intrastriatal administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA). We measured total antioxidant capacity (TAC), super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and 8-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) regarding oxidative stress. Concerning neuroinflammation, immunoreactivity for GFAP, IBA-1, and CD68 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the latter markers corroborated in colocalization with immunofluorescence to assess activated microglia. The probiotic mixture diminished the oxidative stress features of SOD activity as well as 8-OHdG generated by the model of hemiparkinsonism. These effects were accompanied as well by the dampening of the glial immunoreactivity and colocalization of IBA-1 and CD68 that were present under the model. Our findings suggest that the administration of the probiotic LLH135 exerts neuroprotective effects by promoting an antioxidant response which could be explained by the modulation of the response from glial cells to dopaminergic neuronal damage induced with 6-OHDA.

The clinical utility of the ratio of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) occurring during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep (AHI_REM/AHI_NREM ratio) has been debated. We investigated the heterogeneity of REM and NREM sleep behaviors to identify unobserved distinct subtypes of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and examine their demographic and clinical features. The present study used a sample of 3626 adult patients who underwent diagnostic polysomnography evaluations at the Sleep Disorders Center of King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Latent profile analysis was performed to categorize subjects into distinct profiles of SDB based on AHI_REM, AHI_NREM, and AHI_REM/AHI_NREM ratio. A multinomial logistic model estimated the odds ratio of SDB profiles. Four distinct subtypes of SDB were identified: Class I (low AHI_REM; 75.9%) included patients with normal SDB events during REM sleep, serving as the reference group; Class II (REM-OSA, 1.2%) included patients with high AHI during REM sleep but lowest AHI during NREM sleep, resulting in the largest AHI_REM/AHI_NREM ratio; Class III (AHI_NREM < 30 events per hour, 17.4%); and Class IV (AHI_NREM ≥ 30 events per hour, 5.5%). Compared to Class I, factors related to Class IV included older age, high BMI, large neck circumference, hypertension, reduced total sleep time, reduced REM sleep, poor sleep efficiency, high desaturation index, low SpO2, high arousal index, and high Epworth Sleepiness Scale. As hypothesized, the study characterized several subtypes of SDB based on the AHI_REM, AHI_NREM, and their ratio (AHI_REM/AHI_NREM) in a large cohort and identified their demographic and clinical features. These subtypes might be clinically useful for defining SDB among adult patients referred to sleep clinics who may have varying responses to treatment depending on their subtype of the disease.

Background: The association between inflammatory markers and depression has garnered increasing attention. The neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) is an emerging inflammatory marker, but its association with depression in middle-aged and elderly adults was not previously explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association through a national study in the United States. Methods: All study data were weighted to ensure representativeness. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to explore the independent relationship of NPAR with depression in middle-aged and elderly adults. Restricted cubic splines were employed to examine potential nonlinear association, with turning points calculated using a recursive algorithm upon detecting nonlinearity. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were conducted to explore subgroup differences. Results: In the model adjusted for all confounding factors, no significant relationship was found between NPAR and depression in middle-aged and elderly adults [1.02 (0.92, 1.12)]. Further sensitivity analysis indicated a potential U-shaped relationship between NPAR and depression in middle-aged and elderly adults, with the OR (95% CI) of 0.74 (0.60, 0.92), 0.87 (0.70, 1.08), 0.92 (0.72, 1.19) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, compared to Q1. The U-shaped association was confirmed by the restricted cubic spline. Subsequent analysis identified an inflection point at 14.05, revealing inverse relationships before and after this point. Subgroup analysis indicated sex differences in this association. Conclusion: This large-scale cross-sectional study identified a U-shaped association between NPAR and depression in American middle-aged and elderly adults.

For decades, scientists have explored the patterns of neural network remodeling that occur after a stroke. Several studies have shown that both motor cortexes (MCs) undergo crucial remodeling after cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanism by which corticofugal fibers are remodeled is not well understood. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the changes in the bilateral red nucleus (RN) and MC-RN projections during recovery from a large-area stroke in a rat stroke model with or without constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). A large-area middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in rats using the Longa method. CIMT was initiated 7 days after MCAO and continued for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Rats in the control group underwent spontaneous recovery. Locomotor impairment was evaluated using the CatWalk automated gait analysis system, and overall neurological function was evaluated with the modified neurological severity score. Bilateral MC-RN projections were visualized by labeling fiber tracts with an anterograde tracer. Postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and synaptophysin expression levels in the RN were detected using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that CIMT promoted motor recovery after a stroke, increased levels of GAP43 and PSD95 in the contralesional but not ipsilesional RN, and increased projections from the MC to the bilateral RN. Thus, CIMT promotes neuroplasticity after a large-area stroke by stimulating axon outgrowth, improving postsynaptic membrane function in the contralesional RN, and increasing bilateral projections of the MC-RN. These results provide evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of CIMT in restoring motor function and help with understanding RN plasticity after a large-area stroke.