Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070734
Lili Jiang, Ruimin Song, Xiaofang Wang, Jie Wang, Chong Wu
Strawberry plants have shallow roots and large leaves, which are highly sensitive to variations in water levels. To explore the physicochemical and molecular mechanisms of strawberry response to water stress, and provide new ideas for strawberry scientific irrigation, we measured the transpiration rate, fresh weight, biomass gain, and other indicators of potted “Zhangji” strawberry plants under drought and waterlogging treatments using a Plantarray system. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of strawberry leaves following mild drought, moderate drought, severe drought, and rehydration treatments were performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in the response to drought stress. Below a certain threshold, the transpiration rate of strawberry plants was significantly lower after the deficit irrigation treatment than the conventional water treatment. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in oxidoreductase activity and in sulfur and nitrogen metabolism were up-regulated, as well as starch and sucrose. Strawberry plants secrete various endogenous growth hormones to maintain their normal growth under drought stress. The syntheses of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were up-regulated in the mild and moderate drought treatments. However, the syntheses of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were down-regulated in severe drought treatment and up-regulated in rehydration after severe drought treatment.
{"title":"Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide New Insights into the Response of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to Drought Stress","authors":"Lili Jiang, Ruimin Song, Xiaofang Wang, Jie Wang, Chong Wu","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070734","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry plants have shallow roots and large leaves, which are highly sensitive to variations in water levels. To explore the physicochemical and molecular mechanisms of strawberry response to water stress, and provide new ideas for strawberry scientific irrigation, we measured the transpiration rate, fresh weight, biomass gain, and other indicators of potted “Zhangji” strawberry plants under drought and waterlogging treatments using a Plantarray system. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of strawberry leaves following mild drought, moderate drought, severe drought, and rehydration treatments were performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in the response to drought stress. Below a certain threshold, the transpiration rate of strawberry plants was significantly lower after the deficit irrigation treatment than the conventional water treatment. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in oxidoreductase activity and in sulfur and nitrogen metabolism were up-regulated, as well as starch and sucrose. Strawberry plants secrete various endogenous growth hormones to maintain their normal growth under drought stress. The syntheses of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were up-regulated in the mild and moderate drought treatments. However, the syntheses of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were down-regulated in severe drought treatment and up-regulated in rehydration after severe drought treatment.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"49 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070733
Ž. Tarasevičienė, A. Paulauskienė, J. Černiauskienė, Aura Degimienė
Preserving vegetable products through drying, which reduces the water concentration to levels inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, is a method to extend their shelf life. Consequently, dried products can be stored for extended periods, mitigating seasonality in some regions. Beetroot roots are a good source of minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, as well as valuable betalain pigments, which consist of red-purple betacyanins and yellow-orange betaxanthins. During processing, the content of betalains decreases because they have insufficient resistance to high temperatures; therefore, color changes occur. Different drying methods were used for beetroot dehydration: conventional drying, vacuum freeze-drying, and spray-drying. The chemical content and physical properties were analyzed. The total phenolic content, as well as betalains, depended not only on the drying method applied but also on the cultivar of beetroots. The phenol content ranged from 2.30 mg GAE g−1 DM in vacuum freeze-dried ‘Scarlet’ beetroot powder to 1.85 mg GAE g−1 DM in conventionally dried ‘Jolie’, as well as ‘Scarlet’, beetroot powder. The predominant betalains in beetroot powder were betacyanins, with the highest content in spray-dried ‘Scarlet’ beetroot powder and the lowest in conventionally dried ‘Kestrel’ beetroot powder. The most significant color changes were observed in spray-dried beetroot powders.
{"title":"Chemical Content and Color of Dried Organic Beetroot Powder Affected by Different Drying Methods","authors":"Ž. Tarasevičienė, A. Paulauskienė, J. Černiauskienė, Aura Degimienė","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070733","url":null,"abstract":"Preserving vegetable products through drying, which reduces the water concentration to levels inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, is a method to extend their shelf life. Consequently, dried products can be stored for extended periods, mitigating seasonality in some regions. Beetroot roots are a good source of minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, as well as valuable betalain pigments, which consist of red-purple betacyanins and yellow-orange betaxanthins. During processing, the content of betalains decreases because they have insufficient resistance to high temperatures; therefore, color changes occur. Different drying methods were used for beetroot dehydration: conventional drying, vacuum freeze-drying, and spray-drying. The chemical content and physical properties were analyzed. The total phenolic content, as well as betalains, depended not only on the drying method applied but also on the cultivar of beetroots. The phenol content ranged from 2.30 mg GAE g−1 DM in vacuum freeze-dried ‘Scarlet’ beetroot powder to 1.85 mg GAE g−1 DM in conventionally dried ‘Jolie’, as well as ‘Scarlet’, beetroot powder. The predominant betalains in beetroot powder were betacyanins, with the highest content in spray-dried ‘Scarlet’ beetroot powder and the lowest in conventionally dried ‘Kestrel’ beetroot powder. The most significant color changes were observed in spray-dried beetroot powders.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold plasma (CP) is an alternative to traditional thermal sterilization techniques. This study aimed to investigate the preservation effects of CP treatment at 120 kV and 130 Hz for 150 s on fresh-cut Hami melons during storage at 4 °C for 8 d. There was no significant difference in the pH, color, firmness, and soluble solids content of the two groups during 0–4 days of storage. After CP treatment, the enzyme activities, total viable count (TVC), and values of the electronic nose (E-nose) changed. During storage, the increase in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities was inhibited by CP treatment. Initially, CP treatment yielded a 1.06 log reduction in total viable count (TVC). During storage, the TVC of the CP-treated group was significantly lower than that of the untreated group. CP treatment affected the E-nose values related to ketones, terpenes, polar, aromatic, and sulphur compounds. This study indicated that high-voltage and short-time CP treatment can extend the shelf-life of fresh-cut Hami melons by inhibiting oxidation and reducing microbial contamination without negative effects on physical quality.
{"title":"Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Quality of Fresh-Cut Hami Melons during Chilling Storage","authors":"Heyun Zheng, Tenglong Miao, Jie Shi, Mengtian Tian, Libin Wang, Xinli Geng, Qiuqin Zhang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070735","url":null,"abstract":"Cold plasma (CP) is an alternative to traditional thermal sterilization techniques. This study aimed to investigate the preservation effects of CP treatment at 120 kV and 130 Hz for 150 s on fresh-cut Hami melons during storage at 4 °C for 8 d. There was no significant difference in the pH, color, firmness, and soluble solids content of the two groups during 0–4 days of storage. After CP treatment, the enzyme activities, total viable count (TVC), and values of the electronic nose (E-nose) changed. During storage, the increase in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities was inhibited by CP treatment. Initially, CP treatment yielded a 1.06 log reduction in total viable count (TVC). During storage, the TVC of the CP-treated group was significantly lower than that of the untreated group. CP treatment affected the E-nose values related to ketones, terpenes, polar, aromatic, and sulphur compounds. This study indicated that high-voltage and short-time CP treatment can extend the shelf-life of fresh-cut Hami melons by inhibiting oxidation and reducing microbial contamination without negative effects on physical quality.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"53 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070728
Mahima Bansal, A. Mujib, Yashika Bansal, Y. Dewir, N. Mendler-Drienyovszki
Gaillardia pulchella Foug. is a widely studied plant because of its high pharmacological and ornamental value. The leaves of G. pulchella were used for inducing callus and subsequent plant regeneration as it is the primary source of phytocompounds. The purpose of the present investigation was to formulate an in vitro propagation method for Gaillardia by using leaf explants in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. The best callus induction was observed on high (2.0 mg/L) α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and a low (0.5 mg/L) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with callus induction frequency of 91.66%. The leaf callus also demonstrated high caulogenesis ability (95.83%), with an average 5.2 shoots/callus mass at 0.5 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L NAA. Indole Acetic acid (IAA) at 1.0 mg/L had the maximum rooting percentage (79.17%) with 12.4 roots per shoot. Rooted plantlets were later transferred to greenhouse conditions, showing a survivability rate of 75–80%. The physiological parameters, i.e., phenolic compounds and the flavonoids’ level, in the DPPH assay were higher in leaves obtained in vitro compared to callus formed from leaves and field-obtained (mother) leaves. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of methanol extracts of leaves (in vivo and in vitro) and leaf callus presented a wide array of compounds. In callus extract, some 34 phytocompounds were identified. Some of them were 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydromaltol (25.39%), isoamyl acetate (11.63%), palmitic acid (11.55%), 4-methyloxazole (7.54%), and 5-methoxypyrrolidin-2-one (7.49%). Leaves derived in vivo and in vitro had 45 and 28 phytocompounds, respectively, belonging to different classes like lignans, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and fatty acids, etc. Those findings demonstrated that the leaf derived callus and the leaves are the potential stable source of several compounds with medicinal importance. The developed protocol may provide an alternative source of compounds without affecting wild flora.
{"title":"An Efficient In Vitro Shoot Organogenesis and Comparative GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Gaillardia pulchella Foug","authors":"Mahima Bansal, A. Mujib, Yashika Bansal, Y. Dewir, N. Mendler-Drienyovszki","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070728","url":null,"abstract":"Gaillardia pulchella Foug. is a widely studied plant because of its high pharmacological and ornamental value. The leaves of G. pulchella were used for inducing callus and subsequent plant regeneration as it is the primary source of phytocompounds. The purpose of the present investigation was to formulate an in vitro propagation method for Gaillardia by using leaf explants in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. The best callus induction was observed on high (2.0 mg/L) α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and a low (0.5 mg/L) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with callus induction frequency of 91.66%. The leaf callus also demonstrated high caulogenesis ability (95.83%), with an average 5.2 shoots/callus mass at 0.5 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L NAA. Indole Acetic acid (IAA) at 1.0 mg/L had the maximum rooting percentage (79.17%) with 12.4 roots per shoot. Rooted plantlets were later transferred to greenhouse conditions, showing a survivability rate of 75–80%. The physiological parameters, i.e., phenolic compounds and the flavonoids’ level, in the DPPH assay were higher in leaves obtained in vitro compared to callus formed from leaves and field-obtained (mother) leaves. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of methanol extracts of leaves (in vivo and in vitro) and leaf callus presented a wide array of compounds. In callus extract, some 34 phytocompounds were identified. Some of them were 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydromaltol (25.39%), isoamyl acetate (11.63%), palmitic acid (11.55%), 4-methyloxazole (7.54%), and 5-methoxypyrrolidin-2-one (7.49%). Leaves derived in vivo and in vitro had 45 and 28 phytocompounds, respectively, belonging to different classes like lignans, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and fatty acids, etc. Those findings demonstrated that the leaf derived callus and the leaves are the potential stable source of several compounds with medicinal importance. The developed protocol may provide an alternative source of compounds without affecting wild flora.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"118 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070730
Xiangru Xu, Fulin Yang, Jinxiu Song, Rong Zhang, Wei Cai
To achieve high-density tomato seedlings in a plant factory with artificial lighting, tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. “Zhongza NO.9”) were used as the experimental material. This study expected to analyze the effects of light intensity (150, 200, 250, and 300 μmol·m−2·s−1) and light time (12 and 14 h), as well as daily light integral (DLI, 10.80, 12.60, and 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1) and sowing density (50, 72, and 105 holes per tray), on seedling quality. The results indicated that biomass accumulation, seedling quality, and energy use efficiency of seedlings significantly improved with an increase in DLI. At a DLI of 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1, seedlings sown at a density of 72 holes per tray exhibited comparable growth characteristics and biomass accumulation to those sown at 50 holes per tray. However, under lower DLIs, seedlings at 50 holes per tray displayed superior growth morphology and seedling quality compared to those at 72 holes per tray. This indicates that increasing the DLI can partially mitigate the negative effects of higher sowing density on seedling quality. Light use efficiency (LUE) and energy use efficiency (EUE) were not significantly different between seedlings at 72 and 105 holes per tray but were higher than those at 50 holes per tray. Therefore, optimizing parameters such as DLI and sowing density can effectively enhance the seedling quality, spatial use efficiency, and light use efficiency in industrial seedling production. Based on the results of this study, a DLI of 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1 (achieved with a light intensity of 300 μmol·m−2·s−1 and a light time of 12 h) and sowing density of 72 holes per tray are recommended for cultivating high-quality tomato seedlings while reducing energy consumption.
{"title":"Does the Daily Light Integral Influence the Sowing Density of Tomato Plug Seedlings in a Controlled Environment?","authors":"Xiangru Xu, Fulin Yang, Jinxiu Song, Rong Zhang, Wei Cai","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070730","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve high-density tomato seedlings in a plant factory with artificial lighting, tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. “Zhongza NO.9”) were used as the experimental material. This study expected to analyze the effects of light intensity (150, 200, 250, and 300 μmol·m−2·s−1) and light time (12 and 14 h), as well as daily light integral (DLI, 10.80, 12.60, and 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1) and sowing density (50, 72, and 105 holes per tray), on seedling quality. The results indicated that biomass accumulation, seedling quality, and energy use efficiency of seedlings significantly improved with an increase in DLI. At a DLI of 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1, seedlings sown at a density of 72 holes per tray exhibited comparable growth characteristics and biomass accumulation to those sown at 50 holes per tray. However, under lower DLIs, seedlings at 50 holes per tray displayed superior growth morphology and seedling quality compared to those at 72 holes per tray. This indicates that increasing the DLI can partially mitigate the negative effects of higher sowing density on seedling quality. Light use efficiency (LUE) and energy use efficiency (EUE) were not significantly different between seedlings at 72 and 105 holes per tray but were higher than those at 50 holes per tray. Therefore, optimizing parameters such as DLI and sowing density can effectively enhance the seedling quality, spatial use efficiency, and light use efficiency in industrial seedling production. Based on the results of this study, a DLI of 12.96 mol·m−2·d−1 (achieved with a light intensity of 300 μmol·m−2·s−1 and a light time of 12 h) and sowing density of 72 holes per tray are recommended for cultivating high-quality tomato seedlings while reducing energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"100 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070729
Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva, Isabelly CS Marques, B. Carvalho, E. Aires, Francisco Gilvan Borges Ferreira Freitas Júnior, Fernanda Nery Vargens, Vinicius Alexandre Ávila dos Santos, João Henrique Silva da Luz, José Wilker Germano de Souza, Wesley de Oliveira Galdino, Jadielson Inácio de Sousa, Alan Fontes Melo, Ricardo Barros Silva, Luana do Nascimento Silva Barbosa, J. V. Silva, Valdevan Rosendo dos Santos, Maria Gleide Jane Lima de Góis, S. Paulino, E. Ono, J. D. Rodrigues
Abiotic stresses, such as water limitation, are significant limiting factors in basil production. One alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of this stress on plants is using plant growth regulators. This study’s objective is to evaluate different doses of plant regulators in basil under water deficiency conditions. A randomized block experimental design in a factorial scheme with two factors was used: the first factor referred to the water regimes of 50% and 100% stomatal conductance, the second to different doses of the plant regulator mixture: 0 mL L−1 (control), 3 mL L−1, 6 mL L−1, 9 mL L−1, and 12 mL L−1. Each treatment consisted of 12 pots per repetition. Biometric parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and gas exchange were analyzed. The plant regulator positively influenced basil plants under water deficiency, with the most pronounced effects observed at the 12 mL L−1 dose: a 17% increase in the number of leaves, a fourfold increase in CO2 assimilation and carboxylation efficiency, and a sevenfold increase in water use efficiency. Therefore, the application of plant regulators on basil is recommended to mitigate the negative effects of water stress, with the most significant results observed at a dose of 12 mL L−1.
非生物胁迫，如水分限制，是罗勒生产的重要限制因素。使用植物生长调节剂是减轻这种胁迫对植物有害影响的一种替代方法。本研究旨在评估缺水条件下不同剂量的植物生长调节剂对罗勒的影响。研究采用随机区组实验设计，包含两个因子：第一个因子是指气孔导度为 50%和 100%的水分制度，第二个因子是指不同剂量的植物生长调节剂混合物：0 mL L-1（对照）、3 mL L-1、6 mL L-1、9 mL L-1 和 12 mL L-1。每个处理重复 12 盆。对生物计量参数、叶绿素 a 荧光和气体交换进行了分析。植物调节剂对缺水情况下的罗勒植株有积极影响，其中 12 mL L-1 剂量的影响最为明显：叶片数量增加了 17%，二氧化碳同化和羧化效率提高了四倍，水分利用效率提高了七倍。因此，建议在罗勒上施用植物调节剂，以减轻水分胁迫的负面影响，12 毫升升/升的剂量效果最显著。
{"title":"Application of Plant Growth Regulators Mitigates Water Stress in Basil","authors":"Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva, Isabelly CS Marques, B. Carvalho, E. Aires, Francisco Gilvan Borges Ferreira Freitas Júnior, Fernanda Nery Vargens, Vinicius Alexandre Ávila dos Santos, João Henrique Silva da Luz, José Wilker Germano de Souza, Wesley de Oliveira Galdino, Jadielson Inácio de Sousa, Alan Fontes Melo, Ricardo Barros Silva, Luana do Nascimento Silva Barbosa, J. V. Silva, Valdevan Rosendo dos Santos, Maria Gleide Jane Lima de Góis, S. Paulino, E. Ono, J. D. Rodrigues","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070729","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stresses, such as water limitation, are significant limiting factors in basil production. One alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of this stress on plants is using plant growth regulators. This study’s objective is to evaluate different doses of plant regulators in basil under water deficiency conditions. A randomized block experimental design in a factorial scheme with two factors was used: the first factor referred to the water regimes of 50% and 100% stomatal conductance, the second to different doses of the plant regulator mixture: 0 mL L−1 (control), 3 mL L−1, 6 mL L−1, 9 mL L−1, and 12 mL L−1. Each treatment consisted of 12 pots per repetition. Biometric parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and gas exchange were analyzed. The plant regulator positively influenced basil plants under water deficiency, with the most pronounced effects observed at the 12 mL L−1 dose: a 17% increase in the number of leaves, a fourfold increase in CO2 assimilation and carboxylation efficiency, and a sevenfold increase in water use efficiency. Therefore, the application of plant regulators on basil is recommended to mitigate the negative effects of water stress, with the most significant results observed at a dose of 12 mL L−1.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"80 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070727
N. Murvanidze, Karel Doležal, L. Plačková, S. Werbrouck
Fluorinated cytokinins have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional cytokinins in Phalaenopsis plant tissue culture, offering enhanced stability and bioactivity. However, their metabolic fate and impact on endogenous cytokinin profiles remain largely unexplored. This study builds upon previous research to investigate the comparative metabolism of the traditional cytokinin 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) with the successful alternatives 6-(3-fluorobenzylamino)purine (FmT) and 6-(3-fluorobenzylamino)purine 9-riboside (FmTR). Additionally, this study examines the impact of another crucial factor, the use of ventilated versus closed containers, on metabolic processes. The results revealed the distinct metabolic profiles associated with each treatment, highlighting the complex interplay between exogenous and endogenous cytokinin levels. This study is the first to investigate the effects of these stable, synthetic, and exogenous cytokinins on the naturally occurring cytokinin levels and their metabolites in micropropagated Phalaenopsis. Additionally, we proposed an alternative inactivation pathway involving the conversion of FmTR and BA to pT and pTR. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate relationship between cytokinin metabolism and plant growth under in vitro conditions.
{"title":"Metabolism of Fluorinated Topolin Cytokinins in Micropropagated Phalaenopsis amabilis","authors":"N. Murvanidze, Karel Doležal, L. Plačková, S. Werbrouck","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070727","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorinated cytokinins have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional cytokinins in Phalaenopsis plant tissue culture, offering enhanced stability and bioactivity. However, their metabolic fate and impact on endogenous cytokinin profiles remain largely unexplored. This study builds upon previous research to investigate the comparative metabolism of the traditional cytokinin 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) with the successful alternatives 6-(3-fluorobenzylamino)purine (FmT) and 6-(3-fluorobenzylamino)purine 9-riboside (FmTR). Additionally, this study examines the impact of another crucial factor, the use of ventilated versus closed containers, on metabolic processes. The results revealed the distinct metabolic profiles associated with each treatment, highlighting the complex interplay between exogenous and endogenous cytokinin levels. This study is the first to investigate the effects of these stable, synthetic, and exogenous cytokinins on the naturally occurring cytokinin levels and their metabolites in micropropagated Phalaenopsis. Additionally, we proposed an alternative inactivation pathway involving the conversion of FmTR and BA to pT and pTR. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate relationship between cytokinin metabolism and plant growth under in vitro conditions.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070726
M. Puccinelli, Andrea De Padova, Paolo Vernieri, Giulia Carmassi, Luca Incrocci
Over two billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortifying vegetables can enhance micronutrient intake through the diet. This study assessed the biofortification of indoor-grown baby-leaf lettuce using aeroponics. Four experiments, two each, were conducted by adding different concentrations of Zn (from 10 to 450 µM) or Cu (from 3 to 250 µM) into a nutrient solution. A fifth experiment was conducted by simultaneously adding to the nutrient solution the optimal concentration of I (5 µM) and Se (13 µM), chosen on the basis of previous works, and the optimal concentration of Zn (250 µM) and Cu (150 µM), chosen on the basis of the results obtained in the first four experiments. Leaf biomass, mineral concentrations, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids, nitrates, and antioxidant capacity were measured 21 days after transplanting. Higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, I, or Se in the nutrient solution led to an increase in their concentrations in lettuce leaves, without affecting the growth or leaf quality of lettuce plants. The simultaneous application of I with the other elements induced a higher accumulation in leaves compared to when I is applied alone. One hundred grams of lettuce leaves biofortified with Se, I, Cu, and Zn would provide the 6.1%, 35.3%, and 263.0% of Adequate Intake for Cu, Se, and I, respectively, and 4.5% of Population Reference Intake for Zn. Our results suggest that simultaneously biofortifying baby-leaf lettuce with these four minerals is a practical and convenient way to integrate these micronutrients into the diet without reducing the yield or quality of lettuce.
{"title":"Response of Aeroponically Cultivated Baby-Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Plants with Different Zinc, Copper, Iodine, and Selenium Concentrations","authors":"M. Puccinelli, Andrea De Padova, Paolo Vernieri, Giulia Carmassi, Luca Incrocci","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070726","url":null,"abstract":"Over two billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortifying vegetables can enhance micronutrient intake through the diet. This study assessed the biofortification of indoor-grown baby-leaf lettuce using aeroponics. Four experiments, two each, were conducted by adding different concentrations of Zn (from 10 to 450 µM) or Cu (from 3 to 250 µM) into a nutrient solution. A fifth experiment was conducted by simultaneously adding to the nutrient solution the optimal concentration of I (5 µM) and Se (13 µM), chosen on the basis of previous works, and the optimal concentration of Zn (250 µM) and Cu (150 µM), chosen on the basis of the results obtained in the first four experiments. Leaf biomass, mineral concentrations, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids, nitrates, and antioxidant capacity were measured 21 days after transplanting. Higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, I, or Se in the nutrient solution led to an increase in their concentrations in lettuce leaves, without affecting the growth or leaf quality of lettuce plants. The simultaneous application of I with the other elements induced a higher accumulation in leaves compared to when I is applied alone. One hundred grams of lettuce leaves biofortified with Se, I, Cu, and Zn would provide the 6.1%, 35.3%, and 263.0% of Adequate Intake for Cu, Se, and I, respectively, and 4.5% of Population Reference Intake for Zn. Our results suggest that simultaneously biofortifying baby-leaf lettuce with these four minerals is a practical and convenient way to integrate these micronutrients into the diet without reducing the yield or quality of lettuce.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070721
Taner Bozkurt, S. Inan, İ. Dündar, Musab A. Isak, Ö. Şimşek
In this study, we refine in vitro propagation techniques for Camellia sinensis using a machine learning approach to ascertain the influence of different shooting and rooting conditions on key growth metrics. This was achieved by applying random forest (RF), XGBoost, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models to dissect the complexities of micropropagation and rooting processes. The research unveiled significant disparities in growth metrics under varying media conditions, underscoring the profound impact of media composition on plant development. The meticulous statistical analysis, employing ANOVA, highlighted statistically significant differences in growth metrics, indicating the critical role of media composition in optimizing growth conditions. Methodologically, the study utilized explants from 2–3-year-old tea plants, which underwent sterilization before being introduced to two distinct culture media for their micropropagation and rooting phases. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the differences in growth outcomes between media, while machine learning models were employed to predict the efficacy of micropropagation and rooting based on various growth regulators. This approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the model’s performance in simulating plant growth under different conditions, leveraging metrics like R2, RMSE, and MAE. The findings from this study significantly advance the understanding of tea plant micropropagation, highlighting the utility of machine learning models in agricultural optimization. This research contributes to enhancing micropropagation strategies for the tea plant and exemplifies the transformative potential of integrating machine learning into plant science, paving the way for improved agricultural and horticultural practices. This interdisciplinary approach offers a novel perspective on optimizing in vitro propagation processes, contributing substantially to plant tissue culture and biotechnology.
在这项研究中，我们利用机器学习方法改进了山茶的体外繁殖技术，以确定不同的种植和生根条件对关键生长指标的影响。这是通过应用随机森林（RF）、XGBoost 和多层感知器（MLP）模型来剖析微繁殖和生根过程的复杂性来实现的。研究揭示了不同培养基条件下生长指标的显著差异，强调了培养基成分对植物发育的深远影响。采用方差分析法进行的细致统计分析凸显了生长指标在统计学上的显著差异，表明了培养基成分在优化生长条件中的关键作用。在方法上，该研究利用了 2-3 年生茶树的外植体，这些外植体在微繁殖和生根阶段被引入两种不同的培养基之前都经过了灭菌处理。研究人员进行了统计分析，以评估不同培养基之间的生长结果差异，同时采用机器学习模型，根据各种生长调节剂预测微繁殖和生根的功效。这种方法利用 R2、RMSE 和 MAE 等指标，对模型在不同条件下模拟植物生长的性能进行了全面评估。这项研究的结果极大地促进了对茶树微繁殖的理解，凸显了机器学习模型在农业优化中的实用性。这项研究有助于改进茶树的微繁殖策略，体现了将机器学习融入植物科学的变革潜力，为改进农业和园艺实践铺平了道路。这种跨学科方法为优化体外繁殖过程提供了新的视角，为植物组织培养和生物技术做出了重大贡献。
{"title":"Optimizing the In Vitro Propagation of Tea Plants: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models","authors":"Taner Bozkurt, S. Inan, İ. Dündar, Musab A. Isak, Ö. Şimşek","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070721","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we refine in vitro propagation techniques for Camellia sinensis using a machine learning approach to ascertain the influence of different shooting and rooting conditions on key growth metrics. This was achieved by applying random forest (RF), XGBoost, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models to dissect the complexities of micropropagation and rooting processes. The research unveiled significant disparities in growth metrics under varying media conditions, underscoring the profound impact of media composition on plant development. The meticulous statistical analysis, employing ANOVA, highlighted statistically significant differences in growth metrics, indicating the critical role of media composition in optimizing growth conditions. Methodologically, the study utilized explants from 2–3-year-old tea plants, which underwent sterilization before being introduced to two distinct culture media for their micropropagation and rooting phases. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the differences in growth outcomes between media, while machine learning models were employed to predict the efficacy of micropropagation and rooting based on various growth regulators. This approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the model’s performance in simulating plant growth under different conditions, leveraging metrics like R2, RMSE, and MAE. The findings from this study significantly advance the understanding of tea plant micropropagation, highlighting the utility of machine learning models in agricultural optimization. This research contributes to enhancing micropropagation strategies for the tea plant and exemplifies the transformative potential of integrating machine learning into plant science, paving the way for improved agricultural and horticultural practices. This interdisciplinary approach offers a novel perspective on optimizing in vitro propagation processes, contributing substantially to plant tissue culture and biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"88 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10070722
Anjoud Harmouzi, Yassine El Ammari, Ibrahim Mssillou, Amina Chlouchi, Adrian Lim, Abdelaaty Abdelaziz Shahat, Mohamed Chebaibi
There is a high interest in utilizing natural bioactive products derived from plants as a substitute for synthetic chemicals in the industry. This research focuses on the phytochemical composition of essential oils (EOs) of Ammi visnaga L. and Trachyspermum ammi L and their insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), a common pest found in stored cereals. The EOs were extracted through steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The EOs of A. visnaga consisted of twenty-four components, with Abietadiene (41.23%) being the most abundant, followed by linalool (25.54%) and limonene (19.04%). On the other hand, the EOs of T. ammi consisted of twenty-eight main components, with isothymol being the most abundant (51.88%). The results revealed that the EOs of T. Ammi (DL50 = 0.1 µL EOs/L of air) were more toxic than A. visnaga (0.38 µL EOs/L of air), with the toxicity varying based on doses and exposure periods. To further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity, molecular docking and dynamic simulations were performed using the major chemical constituents of the oils. The simulation results indicated that the major compounds, Abietadiene and isothymol, interact with the catalytic sites of the target proteins, inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and chitin synthase. These interactions form energetically favorable systems that remain stable throughout the molecular dynamic period. This research provides valuable insights into the potential of these EOs as natural insecticides and highlights the importance of molecular modeling in understanding the biological activities of plant-derived compounds.
{"title":"Insecticidal Potential of Essential Oils from Ammi visnaga L. and Trachyspermum ammi L. against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and In Silico Study of Their Major Constituents","authors":"Anjoud Harmouzi, Yassine El Ammari, Ibrahim Mssillou, Amina Chlouchi, Adrian Lim, Abdelaaty Abdelaziz Shahat, Mohamed Chebaibi","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10070722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070722","url":null,"abstract":"There is a high interest in utilizing natural bioactive products derived from plants as a substitute for synthetic chemicals in the industry. This research focuses on the phytochemical composition of essential oils (EOs) of Ammi visnaga L. and Trachyspermum ammi L and their insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), a common pest found in stored cereals. The EOs were extracted through steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The EOs of A. visnaga consisted of twenty-four components, with Abietadiene (41.23%) being the most abundant, followed by linalool (25.54%) and limonene (19.04%). On the other hand, the EOs of T. ammi consisted of twenty-eight main components, with isothymol being the most abundant (51.88%). The results revealed that the EOs of T. Ammi (DL50 = 0.1 µL EOs/L of air) were more toxic than A. visnaga (0.38 µL EOs/L of air), with the toxicity varying based on doses and exposure periods. To further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity, molecular docking and dynamic simulations were performed using the major chemical constituents of the oils. The simulation results indicated that the major compounds, Abietadiene and isothymol, interact with the catalytic sites of the target proteins, inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and chitin synthase. These interactions form energetically favorable systems that remain stable throughout the molecular dynamic period. This research provides valuable insights into the potential of these EOs as natural insecticides and highlights the importance of molecular modeling in understanding the biological activities of plant-derived compounds.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"62 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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