Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060631
Yoosun Kim, Kiyoung Park, Jonghyeok Bak, Sueran Choi
(1) Background: Since microplastics in aquatic environments are difficult to prevent and can cause adverse physiological and biochemical reactions to various organisms, we aimed to analyze the effectiveness of using aquatic plants with well-developed roots and excellent water purification capabilities to remove microplastics in an eco-friendly manner. Additionally, we examined the differences in removal efficiency based on the sizes of the microplastic particles and the types of aquatic plants used. (2) Methods: Two types of polyethylene (PE) microplastic particles (46 µm and 140 µm) and two types of aquatic plants (Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum anceps) were used in this study. These plants were cultivated in tap water containing microplastics for a duration of four months in an aquatic setup without soil. Water samples from the cultivation area were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to determine the reduction in microplastics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the adsorption of microplastics on the plants’ roots. Plant growth was assessed by measuring plant height, plant width, and the number of branches (number of leaves). (3) Results: The results revealed significant reductions in the numbers of microplastics in the water of the cultivation boxes containing Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum anceps, irrespective of the microplastic particle size or plant type. These reductions were further confirmed by the adsorption of microplastics on the roots of both plant species. Moreover, the presence of microplastics had no significant negative effects on the plants’ growth. These findings suggest that Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum anceps are suitable plants for removing microplastics in aquatic environments. (4) Conclusions: To effectively reduce aquatic microplastics using plants, it is essential to establish a sustainable vegetation cover using perennial plants with well-developed roots and rapid reproductive capabilities. Follow-up research should consider not only the type of plant but also various aspects related to their tolerance to different environmental conditions.
{"title":"Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum anceps as Plants Supporting the Process of Removing Microplastics from Aquatic Environments—Preliminary Research","authors":"Yoosun Kim, Kiyoung Park, Jonghyeok Bak, Sueran Choi","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060631","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: Since microplastics in aquatic environments are difficult to prevent and can cause adverse physiological and biochemical reactions to various organisms, we aimed to analyze the effectiveness of using aquatic plants with well-developed roots and excellent water purification capabilities to remove microplastics in an eco-friendly manner. Additionally, we examined the differences in removal efficiency based on the sizes of the microplastic particles and the types of aquatic plants used. (2) Methods: Two types of polyethylene (PE) microplastic particles (46 µm and 140 µm) and two types of aquatic plants (Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum anceps) were used in this study. These plants were cultivated in tap water containing microplastics for a duration of four months in an aquatic setup without soil. Water samples from the cultivation area were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to determine the reduction in microplastics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the adsorption of microplastics on the plants’ roots. Plant growth was assessed by measuring plant height, plant width, and the number of branches (number of leaves). (3) Results: The results revealed significant reductions in the numbers of microplastics in the water of the cultivation boxes containing Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum anceps, irrespective of the microplastic particle size or plant type. These reductions were further confirmed by the adsorption of microplastics on the roots of both plant species. Moreover, the presence of microplastics had no significant negative effects on the plants’ growth. These findings suggest that Iris pseudacorus and Lythrum anceps are suitable plants for removing microplastics in aquatic environments. (4) Conclusions: To effectively reduce aquatic microplastics using plants, it is essential to establish a sustainable vegetation cover using perennial plants with well-developed roots and rapid reproductive capabilities. Follow-up research should consider not only the type of plant but also various aspects related to their tolerance to different environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060627
Yanan Xu, Yan Han, Wei Han, Yigang Yang, Makoto Saito, Guohua Lv, Jiqing Song, W. Bai
Oligosaccharides, as a wide type of polysaccharide, have a broad antimicrobial spectrum and promote development as plant growth stimulants. To investigate the regulation effects of different oligosaccharides on the dynamic changes of chlorophyll content, leaf fluorescence, root activity and morphology, and chloroplast ultrastructure, as well as the yields and yield components of strawberry and cucumber, typical greenhouse experiments were conducted over two years (2021–2022). The experimental plants were foliar sprayed with tap water (CK), chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS), and mixed oligosaccharides (MixOS) five times before flowering. The conventional management (CM) was conducted as a conventional control. The findings of the present study suggest that the application of MixOS has the greatest regulation effects on delayed leaf senescence, well-developed roots, and higher fruit productions of strawberry and cucumber. Exogenous MixOS resulted in significant increases in SPAD values, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photochemical quenching coefficiency (qP); they were increased by 1.94–28.96%, 5.41–33.89%, and 9.93–62.07%, compared to the CSOS, CM, and CK treatments, respectively. The orderly and steady structure of thylakoids in the chloroplast, and the randomly distributed starch grains, could be clearly observed in the MixOS treatment, while the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was correspondingly reduced by 19.04–45.92%. Meanwhile, the remarkable promotion of root activity and root surface morphology indicators (i.e., root length, surface area, average diameter, and volume) could be observed when exposed to the MixOS treatments, and the total yields of strawberry and cucumber were all increased by 12.40–25.57%. These findings suggest that the mixed oligosaccharides mainly promote the coordinated growth of root and shoot, which leads to the improved yields of strawberry and cucumber.
{"title":"Different Oligosaccharides Induce Coordination and Promotion of Root Growth and Leaf Senescence during Strawberry and Cucumber Growth","authors":"Yanan Xu, Yan Han, Wei Han, Yigang Yang, Makoto Saito, Guohua Lv, Jiqing Song, W. Bai","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060627","url":null,"abstract":"Oligosaccharides, as a wide type of polysaccharide, have a broad antimicrobial spectrum and promote development as plant growth stimulants. To investigate the regulation effects of different oligosaccharides on the dynamic changes of chlorophyll content, leaf fluorescence, root activity and morphology, and chloroplast ultrastructure, as well as the yields and yield components of strawberry and cucumber, typical greenhouse experiments were conducted over two years (2021–2022). The experimental plants were foliar sprayed with tap water (CK), chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS), and mixed oligosaccharides (MixOS) five times before flowering. The conventional management (CM) was conducted as a conventional control. The findings of the present study suggest that the application of MixOS has the greatest regulation effects on delayed leaf senescence, well-developed roots, and higher fruit productions of strawberry and cucumber. Exogenous MixOS resulted in significant increases in SPAD values, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photochemical quenching coefficiency (qP); they were increased by 1.94–28.96%, 5.41–33.89%, and 9.93–62.07%, compared to the CSOS, CM, and CK treatments, respectively. The orderly and steady structure of thylakoids in the chloroplast, and the randomly distributed starch grains, could be clearly observed in the MixOS treatment, while the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was correspondingly reduced by 19.04–45.92%. Meanwhile, the remarkable promotion of root activity and root surface morphology indicators (i.e., root length, surface area, average diameter, and volume) could be observed when exposed to the MixOS treatments, and the total yields of strawberry and cucumber were all increased by 12.40–25.57%. These findings suggest that the mixed oligosaccharides mainly promote the coordinated growth of root and shoot, which leads to the improved yields of strawberry and cucumber.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060629
Yuno Setoguchi, Yosuke Narasako, T. Hirano, Motoyasu Otani, H. Kunitake
The storage roots of orange-fleshed sweet potato contain high levels of polyphenols and carotenoids. Little information is available on changes in the content and composition of these secondary metabolites during the growth stages of the root system. We investigated changes in carotenoids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins in the root system of the orange-fleshed sweet potato ‘Tamaakane’ from the post-planting stage. Carotenoids and polyphenols accumulated immediately after root-system formation at 15 days after transplanting (DAT). The levels of carotenoids increased by 45 DAT and decreased once the storage root enlargement began, but increased rapidly thereafter. After 90 DAT, β-carotene accounted for >90% of the total carotenoids, and the frequency remained stable until maturity. Total polyphenol content increased significantly towards 45 DAT and then gradually decreased as the storage roots began to thicken. No anthocyanin was detected in the root systems of ‘Tamaakane’ at any stage. The content and composition of these secondary metabolites are discussed in terms of agronomic aspects, as they might contribute to a strategy to protect storage roots while engaging with each other against biotic or abiotic stresses at the growth stage of the root system.
橙肉甘薯的贮藏根含有大量多酚和类胡萝卜素。关于这些次生代谢物在根系生长阶段的含量和组成变化的信息很少。我们研究了橙肉甘薯'Tamaakane'根系中类胡萝卜素、多酚和花青素在种植后阶段的变化。类胡萝卜素和多酚在移植后 15 天（DAT）根系形成后立即积累。类胡萝卜素的含量在 45 天前有所增加，储藏根开始增大后有所减少，但随后又迅速增加。90 DAT 后，β-胡萝卜素占类胡萝卜素总量的 90%以上，而且这一比例在成熟前一直保持稳定。多酚总含量在 45 DAT 前显著增加，然后随着贮藏根开始变粗而逐渐减少。在'Tamaakane'根系的任何阶段都没有检测到花青素。本文从农艺学角度讨论了这些次生代谢物的含量和组成，因为它们可能有助于制定一种保护贮藏根的策略，同时在根系生长阶段相互配合，抵御生物或非生物胁迫。
{"title":"Changes in Carotenoids and Polyphenols during the Growth Stages of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)","authors":"Yuno Setoguchi, Yosuke Narasako, T. Hirano, Motoyasu Otani, H. Kunitake","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060629","url":null,"abstract":"The storage roots of orange-fleshed sweet potato contain high levels of polyphenols and carotenoids. Little information is available on changes in the content and composition of these secondary metabolites during the growth stages of the root system. We investigated changes in carotenoids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins in the root system of the orange-fleshed sweet potato ‘Tamaakane’ from the post-planting stage. Carotenoids and polyphenols accumulated immediately after root-system formation at 15 days after transplanting (DAT). The levels of carotenoids increased by 45 DAT and decreased once the storage root enlargement began, but increased rapidly thereafter. After 90 DAT, β-carotene accounted for >90% of the total carotenoids, and the frequency remained stable until maturity. Total polyphenol content increased significantly towards 45 DAT and then gradually decreased as the storage roots began to thicken. No anthocyanin was detected in the root systems of ‘Tamaakane’ at any stage. The content and composition of these secondary metabolites are discussed in terms of agronomic aspects, as they might contribute to a strategy to protect storage roots while engaging with each other against biotic or abiotic stresses at the growth stage of the root system.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"92 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060632
A. Cammerino, Lorenzo Piacquadio, Michela Ingaramo, Maurizio Gioiosa, Massimo Monteleone
Wild edible plants, botanically defined as phytoalimurgical species, have historically been a useful source of food to cope with recurrent famines and poor farming conditions. If properly identified, harvested, transformed and promoted, alimurgical plants could further enhance the wellbeing of rural and urban communities and the multifunctional productivity of agriculture. The research aimed to survey alimurgical species in a wetland, map their location, detect their spatial richness, and develop a monitoring plan for ongoing vegetation succession. The study area is the King’s Lagoon, a wetland that has recently undergone a radical restoration of its natural layout. A satellite image was used to create a land cover map and interpret the relationship between plant species and land cover. The survey provided a snapshot of the wetland’s current ecosystem status and used botanical analysis and ecological indices to investigate biodiversity levels. The alpha, beta and gamma levels of biodiversity were explored and interpreted through the statistical processing of a comprehensive dataset of species occurrence and abundance, together with the calculation of Shannon’s, Simpson’s and Jaccard’s indices. It was observed that biodiversity in the wetland is developing gradually following restoration and is expected to increase over time as successional stages take hold. Biodiversity is more pronounced along the banks of the canals and watercourses connecting the basins and open ponds, while it is less pronounced in areas where the soil has been disturbed by previous excavations. Salicornia spp., Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima and Suaeda vera were identified as the most common and interesting species found in the study area. The potential for cultivation of some of the halophyte species that were monitored was also highlighted, with particular reference to the selection of the most commercially interesting species, the best species associations and intercropping practices in a wetland context, which must always prioritize the conservation of wild biodiversity. The spring surveys should be repeated in the coming years in order to accurately trace the dynamics of the ecological succession of this particular ecosystem, once it has returned to its natural development.
{"title":"Wild Edible Plant Species in the ‘King’s Lagoon’ Coastal Wetland: Survey, Collection, Mapping and Ecological Characterization","authors":"A. Cammerino, Lorenzo Piacquadio, Michela Ingaramo, Maurizio Gioiosa, Massimo Monteleone","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060632","url":null,"abstract":"Wild edible plants, botanically defined as phytoalimurgical species, have historically been a useful source of food to cope with recurrent famines and poor farming conditions. If properly identified, harvested, transformed and promoted, alimurgical plants could further enhance the wellbeing of rural and urban communities and the multifunctional productivity of agriculture. The research aimed to survey alimurgical species in a wetland, map their location, detect their spatial richness, and develop a monitoring plan for ongoing vegetation succession. The study area is the King’s Lagoon, a wetland that has recently undergone a radical restoration of its natural layout. A satellite image was used to create a land cover map and interpret the relationship between plant species and land cover. The survey provided a snapshot of the wetland’s current ecosystem status and used botanical analysis and ecological indices to investigate biodiversity levels. The alpha, beta and gamma levels of biodiversity were explored and interpreted through the statistical processing of a comprehensive dataset of species occurrence and abundance, together with the calculation of Shannon’s, Simpson’s and Jaccard’s indices. It was observed that biodiversity in the wetland is developing gradually following restoration and is expected to increase over time as successional stages take hold. Biodiversity is more pronounced along the banks of the canals and watercourses connecting the basins and open ponds, while it is less pronounced in areas where the soil has been disturbed by previous excavations. Salicornia spp., Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima and Suaeda vera were identified as the most common and interesting species found in the study area. The potential for cultivation of some of the halophyte species that were monitored was also highlighted, with particular reference to the selection of the most commercially interesting species, the best species associations and intercropping practices in a wetland context, which must always prioritize the conservation of wild biodiversity. The spring surveys should be repeated in the coming years in order to accurately trace the dynamics of the ecological succession of this particular ecosystem, once it has returned to its natural development.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060626
M. Tartanus, E. Malusá
Integrated pest management (IPM) aims to protect plants using methods that limit the use of pesticides, as well as other interventions, to levels that are economically and ecologically justified, thus reducing the negative impact of crop protection on humans and the environment [...]
{"title":"Drivers of and Barriers to the Implementation of Integrated Pest Management in Horticultural Crops","authors":"M. Tartanus, E. Malusá","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060626","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated pest management (IPM) aims to protect plants using methods that limit the use of pesticides, as well as other interventions, to levels that are economically and ecologically justified, thus reducing the negative impact of crop protection on humans and the environment [...]","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060628
Longfei Jin, Xinxing Yin, Mingxia Wen, Bei Huang, Feng Liu, Xinguo Li, Peng Wang
Potassium is an essential mineral nutrient for citrus growth and stress response. In this study, the HAK/KUP/KT gene family was identified from the genome of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). The physical and chemical properties, chromosomal location, gene structure, evolutionary relationship, conserved motifs, and tissue expression characteristics were analyzed. The expression characteristics under low potassium and salt stress were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The function of PtKUP10 was investigated by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that at least 18 PtKUPs were distributed in seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that four PtKUPs clustered in clade I, which mediated the high-affinity potassium absorption. Gene expression analysis showed that four PtKUPs were highly expressed in root, seven PtKUPs were up-regulated by low potassium stress, and nine PtKUPs were up-regulated by salt stress. The cis-acting elements on the promoter of PtKUPs were predominantly involved in stress and hormone responses. Overexpression of PtKUP10 in Arabidopsis thaliana could enhance salt tolerance by accumulating more potassium in the shoot and reducing sodium content in the shoots and roots. These results indicated that PtKUPs play important roles in potassium absorption and salt stress response, and PtKUP10 might enhance salt tolerance by maintaining potassium and sodium homeostasis.
{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression of the HAK/KUP/KT Potassium Transporter Gene Family in Poncirus trifoliata and Functional Analysis of PtKUP10 under Salt Stress","authors":"Longfei Jin, Xinxing Yin, Mingxia Wen, Bei Huang, Feng Liu, Xinguo Li, Peng Wang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060628","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium is an essential mineral nutrient for citrus growth and stress response. In this study, the HAK/KUP/KT gene family was identified from the genome of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). The physical and chemical properties, chromosomal location, gene structure, evolutionary relationship, conserved motifs, and tissue expression characteristics were analyzed. The expression characteristics under low potassium and salt stress were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The function of PtKUP10 was investigated by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that at least 18 PtKUPs were distributed in seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that four PtKUPs clustered in clade I, which mediated the high-affinity potassium absorption. Gene expression analysis showed that four PtKUPs were highly expressed in root, seven PtKUPs were up-regulated by low potassium stress, and nine PtKUPs were up-regulated by salt stress. The cis-acting elements on the promoter of PtKUPs were predominantly involved in stress and hormone responses. Overexpression of PtKUP10 in Arabidopsis thaliana could enhance salt tolerance by accumulating more potassium in the shoot and reducing sodium content in the shoots and roots. These results indicated that PtKUPs play important roles in potassium absorption and salt stress response, and PtKUP10 might enhance salt tolerance by maintaining potassium and sodium homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"107 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060630
Yongjun Kim, Y. Byun, Sang-Joon Lee
Despite the increasing attention on smart farms as a solution to rural issues such as aging agricultural populations, a shortage of young farmers, decreased production area, and reduced investment leading to stagnant income, exports, and growth rates, many farms still rely on traditional methods like cultivating tangerines in open fields. Despite this, increasing farm income requires producing high-quality tangerines and selling them at premium prices, with fruit sweetness being a crucial factor. Therefore, there is a need to examine the close correlation between tangerine quality and sweetness. In this paper, we use deep learning with the PyCaret library to predict and analyze tangerine sweetness using data from seven regions in Jeju and 13 comprehensive factors influencing sweetness, including terrain, temperature, humidity, precipitation, sunlight, wind speed, acidity, sugar-acid ratio, and others. Although applying all 13 factors could achieve over 90% accuracy, our study, limited to seven factors, still achieves a respectable 82.4% prediction accuracy, demonstrating the significant impact of weather data on sweetness. Moreover, these optimistic predictions enable the estimation of tangerine quality and price formation in the market for the coming year, allowing tangerine farmers and related agencies to respond to market conditions proactively. Furthermore, by applying these data to smart farms to control factors influencing tangerine sweetness, it is anticipated that high-quality tangerine production and increased farm income can be achieved.
{"title":"A Study on Sugar Content Improvement and Distribution Flow Response through Citrus Sugar Content Prediction Based on the PyCaret Library","authors":"Yongjun Kim, Y. Byun, Sang-Joon Lee","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060630","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increasing attention on smart farms as a solution to rural issues such as aging agricultural populations, a shortage of young farmers, decreased production area, and reduced investment leading to stagnant income, exports, and growth rates, many farms still rely on traditional methods like cultivating tangerines in open fields. Despite this, increasing farm income requires producing high-quality tangerines and selling them at premium prices, with fruit sweetness being a crucial factor. Therefore, there is a need to examine the close correlation between tangerine quality and sweetness. In this paper, we use deep learning with the PyCaret library to predict and analyze tangerine sweetness using data from seven regions in Jeju and 13 comprehensive factors influencing sweetness, including terrain, temperature, humidity, precipitation, sunlight, wind speed, acidity, sugar-acid ratio, and others. Although applying all 13 factors could achieve over 90% accuracy, our study, limited to seven factors, still achieves a respectable 82.4% prediction accuracy, demonstrating the significant impact of weather data on sweetness. Moreover, these optimistic predictions enable the estimation of tangerine quality and price formation in the market for the coming year, allowing tangerine farmers and related agencies to respond to market conditions proactively. Furthermore, by applying these data to smart farms to control factors influencing tangerine sweetness, it is anticipated that high-quality tangerine production and increased farm income can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060623
Christina Topali, C. Antonopoulou, Christos Chatzissavvidis
Τhe production of fresh fruit as well as olive orchards is increasing around the world, in order to meet the global demand for both fruits and olive products. This results in the spread and establishment of fruit and olive tree cultivation in areas where they were not found before, for example, plains and lowlands prone to waterlogging. Climate change is having a significant impact on the natural environment. Agricultural open-field crops have less growth and yield under these harsh weather conditions. Nowadays, unpredictable rainfall more often exposes field crops to waterlogging on a regular basis. This is a very stressful factor which can cause a reduction in yield and even total crop elimination. In this review, the morphological and physiological parameters affected by waterlogging are developed in order to understand better how olive and other fruit crops respond to waterlogging conditions and how this affects their development and productivity. Having a better understanding of these mechanisms can help us design strategies and approaches to increase fruit crop resistance to waterlogging stress.
{"title":"Effect of Waterlogging on Growth and Productivity of Fruit Crops","authors":"Christina Topali, C. Antonopoulou, Christos Chatzissavvidis","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060623","url":null,"abstract":"Τhe production of fresh fruit as well as olive orchards is increasing around the world, in order to meet the global demand for both fruits and olive products. This results in the spread and establishment of fruit and olive tree cultivation in areas where they were not found before, for example, plains and lowlands prone to waterlogging. Climate change is having a significant impact on the natural environment. Agricultural open-field crops have less growth and yield under these harsh weather conditions. Nowadays, unpredictable rainfall more often exposes field crops to waterlogging on a regular basis. This is a very stressful factor which can cause a reduction in yield and even total crop elimination. In this review, the morphological and physiological parameters affected by waterlogging are developed in order to understand better how olive and other fruit crops respond to waterlogging conditions and how this affects their development and productivity. Having a better understanding of these mechanisms can help us design strategies and approaches to increase fruit crop resistance to waterlogging stress.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"86 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060622
Junhao Li, Yuchen Ma, Tingting Cui, Shaohua Liu, Liulin Li
Salicylic acid (SA) is known to be an efficient elicitor of secondary metabolism in plants. Arbutin, a characteristic phenolic glycoside found in ‘Yuluxiang’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder × Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu), is widely used in lightening agents, in addition to cough, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial remedies, among other applications. However, research into the synthesis of arbutin in pear is limited. This study aimed to clarify the effect of exogenous SA on the arbutin content of pear using HPLC and investigate the mechanism for arbutin accumulation using RNA-Seq analysis. HPLC revealed that SA increased the arbutin contents of leaf, fruit, and callus in pear and demonstrated that the effect of SA is concentration and time dependent. RNA-Seq analysis of pear callus treated with or without SA revealed 380 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 335 of which were up-regulated. According to a KEGG database analysis, the highest number of genes were annotated for phenylpropane biosynthesis. Overall, 21 DEGs were found to be involved in the synthesis of hydroquinone and UDP-glucose, which are substrates of arbutin synthesis. It is noteworthy that the expression levels of three up-regulated genes (Pbr006844.1, Pbr021064.1 and Pbr021069.1) related to hydroquinone glycosyltransferase were induced by SA and hydroquinone. Furthermore, transient overexpression of PbUGT72B1 (Pbr021069.1) increased the arbutin content in pear callus. These data explain the regulation of gene transcription associated with the promotive effect of SA on arbutin biosynthesis in pear, thus providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the arbutin content of fruit through genetic engineering.
{"title":"Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Potential Genes Involved in Salicylic Acid-Induced Arbutin Synthesis in Pear","authors":"Junhao Li, Yuchen Ma, Tingting Cui, Shaohua Liu, Liulin Li","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060622","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid (SA) is known to be an efficient elicitor of secondary metabolism in plants. Arbutin, a characteristic phenolic glycoside found in ‘Yuluxiang’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder × Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu), is widely used in lightening agents, in addition to cough, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial remedies, among other applications. However, research into the synthesis of arbutin in pear is limited. This study aimed to clarify the effect of exogenous SA on the arbutin content of pear using HPLC and investigate the mechanism for arbutin accumulation using RNA-Seq analysis. HPLC revealed that SA increased the arbutin contents of leaf, fruit, and callus in pear and demonstrated that the effect of SA is concentration and time dependent. RNA-Seq analysis of pear callus treated with or without SA revealed 380 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 335 of which were up-regulated. According to a KEGG database analysis, the highest number of genes were annotated for phenylpropane biosynthesis. Overall, 21 DEGs were found to be involved in the synthesis of hydroquinone and UDP-glucose, which are substrates of arbutin synthesis. It is noteworthy that the expression levels of three up-regulated genes (Pbr006844.1, Pbr021064.1 and Pbr021069.1) related to hydroquinone glycosyltransferase were induced by SA and hydroquinone. Furthermore, transient overexpression of PbUGT72B1 (Pbr021069.1) increased the arbutin content in pear callus. These data explain the regulation of gene transcription associated with the promotive effect of SA on arbutin biosynthesis in pear, thus providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the arbutin content of fruit through genetic engineering.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060621
Luisa Liu-Xu, A. I. González-Hernández, Gemma Camañes, B. Vicedo, Loredana Scalschi, E. Llorens
The health of soil is paramount for sustaining life, as it hosts diverse communities of microorganisms that interact with plants, influencing their growth, health, and resilience. Beneficial microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, form symbiotic relationships with plants, providing essential nutrients, promoting growth, and enhancing stress tolerance. These microorganisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria, play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, soil health, and plant productivity. Additionally, they help lessen reliance on chemical fertilizers, thereby mitigating the environmental risks associated with their use. Advances in agricultural practices harness the potential of these beneficial microorganisms to improve crop yields while minimizing the environmental impact. However, challenges such as competition with indigenous microbial strains and environmental factors limit the universal utilization of microbial inoculants. Despite these challenges, understanding and leveraging the interactions between plants and beneficial microorganisms hold promise for sustainable agriculture and enhanced food security.
{"title":"Harnessing Green Helpers: Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and Other Beneficial Microorganisms in Plant–Microbe Interactions for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Luisa Liu-Xu, A. I. González-Hernández, Gemma Camañes, B. Vicedo, Loredana Scalschi, E. Llorens","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10060621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060621","url":null,"abstract":"The health of soil is paramount for sustaining life, as it hosts diverse communities of microorganisms that interact with plants, influencing their growth, health, and resilience. Beneficial microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, form symbiotic relationships with plants, providing essential nutrients, promoting growth, and enhancing stress tolerance. These microorganisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria, play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, soil health, and plant productivity. Additionally, they help lessen reliance on chemical fertilizers, thereby mitigating the environmental risks associated with their use. Advances in agricultural practices harness the potential of these beneficial microorganisms to improve crop yields while minimizing the environmental impact. However, challenges such as competition with indigenous microbial strains and environmental factors limit the universal utilization of microbial inoculants. Despite these challenges, understanding and leveraging the interactions between plants and beneficial microorganisms hold promise for sustainable agriculture and enhanced food security.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"70 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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