Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin drugs are used for the management of diabetes.The primary objective of the proposed research was to develop and validate analytical methods for simultaneous quantification of vildagliptin and dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical dosage form. Both the drugs were subjected to force degradation to ensure stability of pharmaceutical products. The HPLC method development was carried out on C18 column (250mm*4.6mm,5µm particle size). The chromatographic separation was achieved by isocratic mode with a mixture of Methanol: 0.01% Trifluoro acetic acid (pH-2.78) in the ratio of 95:05 % v/v as mobile phase. Flow rate was kept at 0.8 ml/min and selected wavelength for estimation was 210 nm. Stress testing with acid, alkaline, oxidative and thermal degradation was performed. The retention time was found to be 2.282 min and 4.070 min for vildagliptin and dapagliflozin, respectively. The drugs response found to be linear with correlation coefficient value was nearly 0.999 for vildagliptin and dapagliflozin with linearity range of 10 – 60 µg/ml. The recoveries from studies were found to be 99.78% and 100.17% for vildagliptin and dapagliflozin respectively. LOD and LOQ were found to be lower, hence the method proved sensitivity. Method was validated as per ICH guideline Q2(R1). Drugs had shown more degradation in oxidative condition, 10.62% and 13.52% for vildagliptin and dapagliflozin, respectively. The proposed method would be successfully applied for the stability indicating, impurity separation, qualitative and quantitative estimation of vildagliptin and dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical dosage form and in process quality control analysis.
{"title":"Simultaneous Estimation and Stability Indicating Method of Vildagliptin And Dapagliflozin by RP-HPLC in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/iimj.02.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/iimj.02.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin drugs are used for the management of diabetes.The primary objective of the proposed research was to develop and validate analytical methods for simultaneous quantification of vildagliptin and dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical dosage form. Both the drugs were subjected to force degradation to ensure stability of pharmaceutical products. The HPLC method development was carried out on C18 column (250mm*4.6mm,5µm particle size). The chromatographic separation was achieved by isocratic mode with a mixture of Methanol: 0.01% Trifluoro acetic acid (pH-2.78) in the ratio of 95:05 % v/v as mobile phase. Flow rate was kept at 0.8 ml/min and selected wavelength for estimation was 210 nm. Stress testing with acid, alkaline, oxidative and thermal degradation was performed. The retention time was found to be 2.282 min and 4.070 min for vildagliptin and dapagliflozin, respectively. The drugs response found to be linear with correlation coefficient value was nearly 0.999 for vildagliptin and dapagliflozin with linearity range of 10 – 60 µg/ml. The recoveries from studies were found to be 99.78% and 100.17% for vildagliptin and dapagliflozin respectively. LOD and LOQ were found to be lower, hence the method proved sensitivity. Method was validated as per ICH guideline Q2(R1). Drugs had shown more degradation in oxidative condition, 10.62% and 13.52% for vildagliptin and dapagliflozin, respectively. The proposed method would be successfully applied for the stability indicating, impurity separation, qualitative and quantitative estimation of vildagliptin and dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical dosage form and in process quality control analysis.","PeriodicalId":507453,"journal":{"name":"International Internal Medicine Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140765444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Resistance to antimalarial drugs often used in emerging countries, including combination therapies, has forced scientists to search for and develop drugs with novel mechanisms of action, especially resistance to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, which are highly prevalent in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Objective: evaluate whether there is a relationship between urinalysis and resistance to in-hospital treatment of malaria in Angola. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study with a quantitative approach. Results: of the 214 patients, the resistance rate was 24.1%, men (53.6%), between 21 and 40 years old (72.7%), employees (46.4%), from peri-urban regions (77.7%), treated with artemether (90.9), with high parasitemia (57.7%) and after 5 days of treatment, remained hospitalized (61.4%). Was a significant relationship between resistance in unemployed individuals [OR: 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01-0.29), p =0.003] and high levels of parasitemia [OR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.09-3.95), p=0.040], remained hospitalized for more than 5 days [OR: 5.28 (95% CI: 0.65-43.1), p=0.121] and death [OR: 2.59 (95% CI: 0.32-20.9), p=0.371] when compared with other subgroups. Was a significant relationship between resistance to clear urine [OR: 5.55 (95% CI: 0.72-42.7), p =0.016], few urinary crystals [OR: 11.3 (95% CI: 5.07-25.3), p <0.001] and who presented some microorganisms that were not bacteria or fungi [OR: 3.02 (95% CI: 1 .32-6.90), p=0.009]. Conclusion: urine results, especially the appearance of cloudy urine, the presence of few crystals, and the presence of other microorganisms that are not bacteria or fungi, may be clear signs of resistance to hospital treatment with injectable antimalarials.
{"title":"Urinalysis Results And Resistance To Hospital Treatment With Injectable Antimalarials In Angola","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/iimj.01.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/iimj.01.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Resistance to antimalarial drugs often used in emerging countries, including combination therapies, has forced scientists to search for and develop drugs with novel mechanisms of action, especially resistance to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, which are highly prevalent in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Objective: evaluate whether there is a relationship between urinalysis and resistance to in-hospital treatment of malaria in Angola. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study with a quantitative approach. Results: of the 214 patients, the resistance rate was 24.1%, men (53.6%), between 21 and 40 years old (72.7%), employees (46.4%), from peri-urban regions (77.7%), treated with artemether (90.9), with high parasitemia (57.7%) and after 5 days of treatment, remained hospitalized (61.4%). Was a significant relationship between resistance in unemployed individuals [OR: 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01-0.29), p =0.003] and high levels of parasitemia [OR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.09-3.95), p=0.040], remained hospitalized for more than 5 days [OR: 5.28 (95% CI: 0.65-43.1), p=0.121] and death [OR: 2.59 (95% CI: 0.32-20.9), p=0.371] when compared with other subgroups. Was a significant relationship between resistance to clear urine [OR: 5.55 (95% CI: 0.72-42.7), p =0.016], few urinary crystals [OR: 11.3 (95% CI: 5.07-25.3), p <0.001] and who presented some microorganisms that were not bacteria or fungi [OR: 3.02 (95% CI: 1 .32-6.90), p=0.009]. Conclusion: urine results, especially the appearance of cloudy urine, the presence of few crystals, and the presence of other microorganisms that are not bacteria or fungi, may be clear signs of resistance to hospital treatment with injectable antimalarials.","PeriodicalId":507453,"journal":{"name":"International Internal Medicine Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: There is a dearth of information on the detection of oncogenic EBV in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues in the Sri Lankan context. This subset of an unmatched case-control study aims to detect EBV-DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues of a group of Sri Lankan male patients. Method: Subset was selected representing the vast majority of OSCC patients in Sri Lanka, from an unmatched case-control study. Incisional biopsies of cases and excisional biopsies of controls were collected and stored at -800 C. DNA was extracted from frozen specimens, and Real-Time PCR was performed to detect target DNA of this ubiquitous virus, in histologically confirmed 27 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) cases and clinically diagnosed 26 Fibroepithelial-Polyp (FEP) controls with better quality DNA. Socio-demographic and substance abuse data were collected from 29 cases and 25 controls by a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, and the data were entered and analyzed using the SPSS-21 Statistical Package. Results: Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the significance of qualitative and quantitative data statistically. The overall EBV prevalence was 34/53 (64.2%). In OSCC cases the EBV positivity was higher 21(77.8%) than the FEP controls 13 (50.0%), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.035). The cases were higher betel quid chewers (p = 0.003) and heavy alcohol consumers (p =0.001) than the control group. Conclusion: Betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption co-variate with the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues which warrants further investigations.
{"title":"Betel Quid Chewing and Alcohol Consumption Co- Variate with Detection of Epstein - Barr Virus (EBV) DNA in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues: Preliminary Evidence from a Subset of an Unmatched Case-Control Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/iimj.01.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/iimj.01.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is a dearth of information on the detection of oncogenic EBV in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues in the Sri Lankan context. This subset of an unmatched case-control study aims to detect EBV-DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues of a group of Sri Lankan male patients. Method: Subset was selected representing the vast majority of OSCC patients in Sri Lanka, from an unmatched case-control study. Incisional biopsies of cases and excisional biopsies of controls were collected and stored at -800 C. DNA was extracted from frozen specimens, and Real-Time PCR was performed to detect target DNA of this ubiquitous virus, in histologically confirmed 27 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) cases and clinically diagnosed 26 Fibroepithelial-Polyp (FEP) controls with better quality DNA. Socio-demographic and substance abuse data were collected from 29 cases and 25 controls by a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, and the data were entered and analyzed using the SPSS-21 Statistical Package. Results: Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the significance of qualitative and quantitative data statistically. The overall EBV prevalence was 34/53 (64.2%). In OSCC cases the EBV positivity was higher 21(77.8%) than the FEP controls 13 (50.0%), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.035). The cases were higher betel quid chewers (p = 0.003) and heavy alcohol consumers (p =0.001) than the control group. Conclusion: Betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption co-variate with the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues which warrants further investigations.","PeriodicalId":507453,"journal":{"name":"International Internal Medicine Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with telemedicine has ushered in a groundbreaking era for healthcare, allowing for remote monitoring and data transmission of patients. This research paper aims to explore the complex relationship between IoT devices and telemedicine, examining their combined potential to improve patient care and transform healthcare workflows. Method: To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of IoT-powered telemedicine, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the experiences and perspectives of both healthcare practitioners and patients. Using in-depth interviews and content analysis, we examined the integration of IoT devices, such as wearables and remote sensors, into telemedicine platforms. This allowed us to uncover real-time health data collection and transmission from patients' homes to medical professionals. Result: This study's analysis of the benefits, challenges, and user satisfaction indicates that IoT-powered remote patient monitoring significantly enhances patient care by facilitating timely interventions and reducing hospital admissions, ultimately leading to improved healthcare outcomes and highlighting the effectiveness of IoT-powered remote patient monitoring in relation to healthcare outcomes. Furthermore, we analyze the complex technical factors that influence the effective deployment of IoT devices in telehealth settings. The integration of telemedicine with IoT technology is a complex process that requires careful consideration of several factors, including data security, interoperability, and data analytics. These factors play a crucial role in ensuring the effective and secure exchange of health information between different systems. The insights gained from this research can help to inform the development of best practices for telemedicine, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. The findings also have implications for healthcare providers, technology developers, and policymakers who seek to leverage IoTintegrated telehealth solutions in their work.
{"title":"IoT Integration in Telemedicine: Investigating the Role of Internet of Things Devices in Facilitating Remote Patient Monitoring and Data Transmission","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/iimj.01.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/iimj.01.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with telemedicine has ushered in a groundbreaking era for healthcare, allowing for remote monitoring and data transmission of patients. This research paper aims to explore the complex relationship between IoT devices and telemedicine, examining their combined potential to improve patient care and transform healthcare workflows. Method: To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of IoT-powered telemedicine, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the experiences and perspectives of both healthcare practitioners and patients. Using in-depth interviews and content analysis, we examined the integration of IoT devices, such as wearables and remote sensors, into telemedicine platforms. This allowed us to uncover real-time health data collection and transmission from patients' homes to medical professionals. Result: This study's analysis of the benefits, challenges, and user satisfaction indicates that IoT-powered remote patient monitoring significantly enhances patient care by facilitating timely interventions and reducing hospital admissions, ultimately leading to improved healthcare outcomes and highlighting the effectiveness of IoT-powered remote patient monitoring in relation to healthcare outcomes. Furthermore, we analyze the complex technical factors that influence the effective deployment of IoT devices in telehealth settings. The integration of telemedicine with IoT technology is a complex process that requires careful consideration of several factors, including data security, interoperability, and data analytics. These factors play a crucial role in ensuring the effective and secure exchange of health information between different systems. The insights gained from this research can help to inform the development of best practices for telemedicine, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. The findings also have implications for healthcare providers, technology developers, and policymakers who seek to leverage IoTintegrated telehealth solutions in their work.","PeriodicalId":507453,"journal":{"name":"International Internal Medicine Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onions (Allium cepa) are commonly employed in vitro to evaluate the effects of chemical agents. Onion chromosomes have long been prepared using the acetic orcein staining technique. However, aceto-orcein stain is corrosive and deadly since it contains oxidizing agents like organic peroxides, toxic compounds like cyanides, acid corrosives, and radioactive materials. This study examined the mitotic activity in the roots of onion plants to ascertain the impact of the aceto orcein dye's soaking period on actively dividing root cells. Using the aceto-orcein squash procedure, a number of root tips from each bulb were collected, soaked for 1, 3, and 24 hours in aceto-orcein stain, and then processed further for cytological analyses. The purpose of the research was to examine the impact of chromosomal aberration and mitotic index on onion roots. It will reveal how many cells are actually going through mitosis. The tip of onion root cells was observed going through mitosis while actively undergoing mitotic division using the usual methods. There are various phases involved in mitotic divisions, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and interphase. At each soaking time, the experiment was run six times. The outcome shown that different soaking time durations had a substantial impact on the decline in mitotic index value.
{"title":"Chromosomes and the Mitotic Cell Cycle Phase in Onion Roots","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/iimj.01.05.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/iimj.01.05.02","url":null,"abstract":"Onions (Allium cepa) are commonly employed in vitro to evaluate the effects of chemical agents. Onion chromosomes have long been prepared using the acetic orcein staining technique. However, aceto-orcein stain is corrosive and deadly since it contains oxidizing agents like organic peroxides, toxic compounds like cyanides, acid corrosives, and radioactive materials. This study examined the mitotic activity in the roots of onion plants to ascertain the impact of the aceto orcein dye's soaking period on actively dividing root cells. Using the aceto-orcein squash procedure, a number of root tips from each bulb were collected, soaked for 1, 3, and 24 hours in aceto-orcein stain, and then processed further for cytological analyses. The purpose of the research was to examine the impact of chromosomal aberration and mitotic index on onion roots. It will reveal how many cells are actually going through mitosis. The tip of onion root cells was observed going through mitosis while actively undergoing mitotic division using the usual methods. There are various phases involved in mitotic divisions, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and interphase. At each soaking time, the experiment was run six times. The outcome shown that different soaking time durations had a substantial impact on the decline in mitotic index value.","PeriodicalId":507453,"journal":{"name":"International Internal Medicine Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of farm fresh raw cow milk with emphasis on the detection of Staphylococcus species. A total of 592 quarter milk samples, 30 bulk milk samples and 27 swab samples of the hands of milk men were examined from 12 dairy farms in Kaduna and Zaria. The bacteriological quality of the milk samples were determined by both the California Mastitis Test and the Total Viable Staphylococcal Count. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis from positive California Mastitis Test (³+) was 24.5%. The mean Staphylococcal count was 4.2 log10 cfu/ml. The number of suspected Staphylococcal isolates that were Gram positive and catalase positive were 103, which were then biochemically screened down clearly to 51, with their identities confirmed using the Microbat Microgen Kit. Among the Staphylococcal species, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest population of phenotypic identity with 38%. This organism is important from public health point of view as they have been associated with the onset of food poisoning in human beings.
{"title":"Bacteriological Quality of Fresh Cow Milk From Dairy Farms in Parts of Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/iimj.01.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/iimj.01.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of farm fresh raw cow milk with emphasis on the detection of Staphylococcus species. A total of 592 quarter milk samples, 30 bulk milk samples and 27 swab samples of the hands of milk men were examined from 12 dairy farms in Kaduna and Zaria. The bacteriological quality of the milk samples were determined by both the California Mastitis Test and the Total Viable Staphylococcal Count. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis from positive California Mastitis Test (³+) was 24.5%. The mean Staphylococcal count was 4.2 log10 cfu/ml. The number of suspected Staphylococcal isolates that were Gram positive and catalase positive were 103, which were then biochemically screened down clearly to 51, with their identities confirmed using the Microbat Microgen Kit. Among the Staphylococcal species, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest population of phenotypic identity with 38%. This organism is important from public health point of view as they have been associated with the onset of food poisoning in human beings.","PeriodicalId":507453,"journal":{"name":"International Internal Medicine Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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