Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-24-0009.1
Andrea W. Harris, Jennifer Albrecht
Temperature-related illness (TRI) encompasses heat-related illness, such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke, and cold-related illness, such as frostbite and hypothermia. TRI is typically the result of exposure to ambient weather conditions; because of this, unhoused individuals are hypothesized to have higher risk of TRI. However, no national epidemiological studies have been completed to determine this risk. The objective of this study was to determine the association between homelessness and emergency department (ED) diagnosis of TRI in the United States. We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult ED visits in the U.S. from 2005 through 2020 using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a nationally representative sample of non-federal ED patient visits. Housing status (housed vs. unhoused) was measured using NHAMCS patient residence category, with blank responses excluded. TRI was defined as ED clinician diagnosis of heat- or cold-related illness using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds of TRI by housing status. There were 323,606 non-pediatric ED visits in the NHAMCS sample. TRI diagnosis was present in 288 (0.09%) visits. 4099 visits (0.9%) were categorized as unhoused. After adjusting for sex, mental health diagnosis, and alcohol or substance use or use disorder, the odds of TRI diagnosis in unhoused individuals was 4.08 (95% CI 2.09,7.95) compared to housed individuals. We found a higher adjusted odds of TRI diagnosis at an ED visit among unhoused individuals compared with housed individuals.
温度相关疾病（TRI）包括热相关疾病（如热衰竭和中暑）和冷相关疾病（如冻伤和体温过低）。温度相关疾病通常是由于暴露于周围的天气条件而引起的；因此，人们推测无住房的人患温度相关疾病的风险较高。然而，目前尚未完成确定这种风险的全国性流行病学研究。本研究旨在确定美国无家可归者与急诊科（ED）诊断 TRI 之间的关联。我们利用 "全国医院非住院医疗护理调查"（NHAMCS）的数据，对 2005 年至 2020 年期间美国成人急诊室就诊情况进行了横断面研究。住房状况（有住房与无住房）使用 NHAMCS 患者居住地类别进行衡量，不包括空白回答。TRI的定义是急诊室临床医生使用ICD-9和ICD-10编码诊断出与热或冷相关的疾病。多变量逻辑回归用于根据住房状况确定 TRI 的调整几率。在 NHAMCS 样本中，非儿科急诊就诊人数为 323,606 人。有 288 人次（0.09%）被诊断为 TRI。4099人次（0.9%）被归类为无住房。在对性别、精神健康诊断、酒精或药物使用或使用障碍进行调整后，与有住房的人相比，无住房的人被诊断出 TRI 的几率为 4.08 (95% CI 2.09,7.95)。我们发现，与有住房者相比，无住房者在急诊室就诊时被诊断出 TRI 的调整后几率更高。
{"title":"Association between homelessness and temperature-related health emergencies in the United States","authors":"Andrea W. Harris, Jennifer Albrecht","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-24-0009.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-24-0009.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Temperature-related illness (TRI) encompasses heat-related illness, such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke, and cold-related illness, such as frostbite and hypothermia. TRI is typically the result of exposure to ambient weather conditions; because of this, unhoused individuals are hypothesized to have higher risk of TRI. However, no national epidemiological studies have been completed to determine this risk. The objective of this study was to determine the association between homelessness and emergency department (ED) diagnosis of TRI in the United States. We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult ED visits in the U.S. from 2005 through 2020 using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a nationally representative sample of non-federal ED patient visits. Housing status (housed vs. unhoused) was measured using NHAMCS patient residence category, with blank responses excluded. TRI was defined as ED clinician diagnosis of heat- or cold-related illness using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds of TRI by housing status. There were 323,606 non-pediatric ED visits in the NHAMCS sample. TRI diagnosis was present in 288 (0.09%) visits. 4099 visits (0.9%) were categorized as unhoused. After adjusting for sex, mental health diagnosis, and alcohol or substance use or use disorder, the odds of TRI diagnosis in unhoused individuals was 4.08 (95% CI 2.09,7.95) compared to housed individuals. We found a higher adjusted odds of TRI diagnosis at an ED visit among unhoused individuals compared with housed individuals.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0145.1
J. Mazon, David Pino, Daniel López
This study explores the correlation between weather and the perception of urban cleanliness across the 47 largest cities in Spain. Utilizing survey data conducted by the national Consumers and Users Organization (OCU) in 2015, 2019, and 2023 to assess cleanliness perceptions, we analyze potential associations with precipitation and temperature recorded by weather stations of the Spanish Meteorological Agency. Additionally, we consider computed values of the De Martonne aridity index. The OCU data reveal regional disparities in perceived cleanliness quality. Higher cleanliness scores are obtained in cities located in the northern and north-central regions of Spain, characterized by humid and super-humid climates according to the De Martonne index. Conversely, lower cleanliness ratings are given to cities in the southern and eastern regions of Spain, where a Mediterranean climate and lower aridity index values prevail. In conducting a statistical analysis on the perception of cleanliness and variables related to precipitation and temperature, the results of the chi-square and linear correlation tests found no strong statistical correlation, although a tendency is observed. Cities with higher annual precipitation and lower values of average annual temperature tend to receive better cleanliness ratings, while drier and warmer cities exhibit the worst values of perceived urban cleanliness. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the Gompertz model effectively captures a strong statistical correlation in the relationship between cleanliness perception and the De Martonne index: As aridity increases, cleanliness perception decreases. These results are relevant for the development of future cleaning methods and systems, particularly in light of the climate change scenarios that are anticipated in the Mediterranean region due to warmer and drier conditions and, consequently, an increase in aridity.
{"title":"Do Precipitation and Temperature Influence Perceptions of Urban Cleanliness?","authors":"J. Mazon, David Pino, Daniel López","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0145.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0145.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study explores the correlation between weather and the perception of urban cleanliness across the 47 largest cities in Spain. Utilizing survey data conducted by the national Consumers and Users Organization (OCU) in 2015, 2019, and 2023 to assess cleanliness perceptions, we analyze potential associations with precipitation and temperature recorded by weather stations of the Spanish Meteorological Agency. Additionally, we consider computed values of the De Martonne aridity index.\u0000The OCU data reveal regional disparities in perceived cleanliness quality. Higher cleanliness scores are obtained in cities located in the northern and north-central regions of Spain, characterized by humid and super-humid climates according to the De Martonne index. Conversely, lower cleanliness ratings are given to cities in the southern and eastern regions of Spain, where a Mediterranean climate and lower aridity index values prevail. In conducting a statistical analysis on the perception of cleanliness and variables related to precipitation and temperature, the results of the chi-square and linear correlation tests found no strong statistical correlation, although a tendency is observed. Cities with higher annual precipitation and lower values of average annual temperature tend to receive better cleanliness ratings, while drier and warmer cities exhibit the worst values of perceived urban cleanliness.\u0000Furthermore, our findings indicate that the Gompertz model effectively captures a strong statistical correlation in the relationship between cleanliness perception and the De Martonne index: As aridity increases, cleanliness perception decreases. These results are relevant for the development of future cleaning methods and systems, particularly in light of the climate change scenarios that are anticipated in the Mediterranean region due to warmer and drier conditions and, consequently, an increase in aridity.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0143.1
Aneela Batool, M. Behlol
This study aims to examine the Climate Change Education (CCE) provision in the Five grade textbooks [Science & Social Studies] and the competence of teachers in teaching CCE in primary girls’ schools in Skardu-Baltistan. It is a mixed-method research that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches to gather data. The first phase of the study involved collecting qualitative data to examine the provision of CCE content in selected textbooks taught in grade five. The researcher adapted an interview questionnaire to assess the competence of teachers teaching in 38 schools. The provision of themes and topics based on the seven Principles of Climate literacy given by USGCRP (2009) was identified by using latent content analysis (LCA). The study concludes that Science and Social Study textbooks lack the incorporation of CCE content of principles 1, 4, 6 & 7. Furthermore, the majority of teachers have not received training to use digital media, apply activity-based methods to engage campus and community support for CCE. The study also found that the selected schools are missing school planting campaigns, CCE committees, and CCE walks. Above all, the respondents possess conflicting views about climate change as a natural or human-contributed phenomenon.
{"title":"Assessment of Textbook Content and Teachers’ Competence in Climate Change Education at Primary Level","authors":"Aneela Batool, M. Behlol","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0143.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0143.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study aims to examine the Climate Change Education (CCE) provision in the Five grade textbooks [Science & Social Studies] and the competence of teachers in teaching CCE in primary girls’ schools in Skardu-Baltistan. It is a mixed-method research that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches to gather data. The first phase of the study involved collecting qualitative data to examine the provision of CCE content in selected textbooks taught in grade five. The researcher adapted an interview questionnaire to assess the competence of teachers teaching in 38 schools. The provision of themes and topics based on the seven Principles of Climate literacy given by USGCRP (2009) was identified by using latent content analysis (LCA). The study concludes that Science and Social Study textbooks lack the incorporation of CCE content of principles 1, 4, 6 & 7. Furthermore, the majority of teachers have not received training to use digital media, apply activity-based methods to engage campus and community support for CCE. The study also found that the selected schools are missing school planting campaigns, CCE committees, and CCE walks. Above all, the respondents possess conflicting views about climate change as a natural or human-contributed phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0095.1
R. Mungkung, Piyatida Jaieim, Panit Chancharoonpong
Quantifying the total GHG emissions along the whole value chain is essential for effective greenhouse gas management. Two types of the most popular restaurants in Thailand were included in this study: (1) a restaurant that specialized in Northeastern Thai cuisine with an area of 94 m2 and 41,000 clients per year; and (2) a restaurant serving Japanese-Thai fusion meals with an area of 284 m2 with 59,000 clients per year. Notably, the scope 3 GHG emissions were the highest (76–81% of total emissions). The main contributors at both restaurants were raw material acquisition, followed by transportation of raw materials and waste management. It was suggested that the restaurants should not overlook the major sources of scope 3 GHG emissions, especially in food procurement, transportation from suppliers, and waste management. GHG management measures that could be applied include: using local food ingredients, buying raw materials from nearby locations, simulating transport routes to minimize the distance of transport, and separating food wastes and sorting recyclable packaging wastes for further use. In addition, the restaurants could flag low-carbon footprint meals on their menus to engage their customers in contributing to GHG reductions.
{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Thai and Japanese Restaurants for Reduction Management Strategies","authors":"R. Mungkung, Piyatida Jaieim, Panit Chancharoonpong","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0095.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0095.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Quantifying the total GHG emissions along the whole value chain is essential for effective greenhouse gas management. Two types of the most popular restaurants in Thailand were included in this study: (1) a restaurant that specialized in Northeastern Thai cuisine with an area of 94 m2 and 41,000 clients per year; and (2) a restaurant serving Japanese-Thai fusion meals with an area of 284 m2 with 59,000 clients per year. Notably, the scope 3 GHG emissions were the highest (76–81% of total emissions). The main contributors at both restaurants were raw material acquisition, followed by transportation of raw materials and waste management. It was suggested that the restaurants should not overlook the major sources of scope 3 GHG emissions, especially in food procurement, transportation from suppliers, and waste management. GHG management measures that could be applied include: using local food ingredients, buying raw materials from nearby locations, simulating transport routes to minimize the distance of transport, and separating food wastes and sorting recyclable packaging wastes for further use. In addition, the restaurants could flag low-carbon footprint meals on their menus to engage their customers in contributing to GHG reductions.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0151.1
Alejandro Jaramillo, Christian Domínguez
Lightning around the world poses a significant threat to life, infrastructure, and economic sectors. This study evaluates lightning risk at the municipal level in Mexico, recognizing the interplay of hazard and vulnerability in risk estimation. Despite declining lightning-related fatalities, possibly attributed to demographic shifts and improved urban infrastructure, persistent social vulnerability exists, particularly among rural populations engaged in labor-intensive agriculture with lower education levels. We estimate a risk map for lightning-related fatality risk in Mexico, where we identify high-risk regions along the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Pacific coast, central and southeastern Mexico, marked by elevated lightning days and social vulnerability. The risk map integrates hazard and social vulnerability, capturing the distribution of fatality incidents, and it reveals that 82.1% of incidents occurred in municipalities categorized as “high” or “very high” risk. This result emphasizes the need to consider both physical hazard and social vulnerability for a comprehensive assessment of lightning risk. This study contributes to understanding lightning risk in Mexico, providing crucial insights at the municipality level for informing policymaking and targeting risk mitigation strategies. By highlighting the interrelation of hazard and social vulnerability, this research aligns with broader goals of enhancing local resilience and safety in the face of natural hazards, highlighting the ongoing need for disaster risk reduction efforts.
{"title":"Mapping Lightning Risk in Mexico: Integrating Natural Hazard and Social Vulnerability","authors":"Alejandro Jaramillo, Christian Domínguez","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0151.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0151.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Lightning around the world poses a significant threat to life, infrastructure, and economic sectors. This study evaluates lightning risk at the municipal level in Mexico, recognizing the interplay of hazard and vulnerability in risk estimation. Despite declining lightning-related fatalities, possibly attributed to demographic shifts and improved urban infrastructure, persistent social vulnerability exists, particularly among rural populations engaged in labor-intensive agriculture with lower education levels. We estimate a risk map for lightning-related fatality risk in Mexico, where we identify high-risk regions along the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Pacific coast, central and southeastern Mexico, marked by elevated lightning days and social vulnerability. The risk map integrates hazard and social vulnerability, capturing the distribution of fatality incidents, and it reveals that 82.1% of incidents occurred in municipalities categorized as “high” or “very high” risk. This result emphasizes the need to consider both physical hazard and social vulnerability for a comprehensive assessment of lightning risk. This study contributes to understanding lightning risk in Mexico, providing crucial insights at the municipality level for informing policymaking and targeting risk mitigation strategies. By highlighting the interrelation of hazard and social vulnerability, this research aligns with broader goals of enhancing local resilience and safety in the face of natural hazards, highlighting the ongoing need for disaster risk reduction efforts.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0110.1
Zoey Rosen, Marilee Long, Andrea B. Schumacher, Mark DeMaria, Alan Brammer
Map graphics are often used for hazard risk communication, layered with numerical, verbal, and visual information to describe an uncertain threat. In the hurricane context, graphics are used to communicate the probability of different threats over a forecasting period. While hurricane graphics have been studied in the past, they have not been designed with colorblind-friendly accessibility and localization in mind. This study presents the results of a mixed methods study, testing the perceptions of different color schemes and map overlays on a wind exceedance map graphic with samples of experts (emergency managers and meteorologists) and the public. Nineteen experts from Florida and Louisiana were interviewed about their preferences for and risk perceptions of the design elements of the new wind exceedance graphic. The graphic prototypes were also tested using a public sample (n = 624) from Florida and Louisiana to study participants’ design preferences and risk perceptions. Both expert and public samples preferred a yellow-to-red scheme, though experts thought the yellow-to-red scheme presented the hazard as riskier and the public thought the reds-only scheme was riskier. Experts and the public preferred a map graphic with overlays; they scored a map graphic with overlays as riskier than a version without overlays. Understanding the connection between color scheme preference and risk perception for both experts and the public has important implications on risk communication as new graphics are designed. The conclusion of this study provides avenues for future research for experts who want to apply universal design aspects into hurricane graphics.
{"title":"Expert and Public Preferences and Perceptions of Different Color Schemes and Map Overlays on a Tropical Cyclone Wind Exceedance Forecast Graphic","authors":"Zoey Rosen, Marilee Long, Andrea B. Schumacher, Mark DeMaria, Alan Brammer","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0110.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0110.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Map graphics are often used for hazard risk communication, layered with numerical, verbal, and visual information to describe an uncertain threat. In the hurricane context, graphics are used to communicate the probability of different threats over a forecasting period. While hurricane graphics have been studied in the past, they have not been designed with colorblind-friendly accessibility and localization in mind. This study presents the results of a mixed methods study, testing the perceptions of different color schemes and map overlays on a wind exceedance map graphic with samples of experts (emergency managers and meteorologists) and the public. Nineteen experts from Florida and Louisiana were interviewed about their preferences for and risk perceptions of the design elements of the new wind exceedance graphic. The graphic prototypes were also tested using a public sample (n = 624) from Florida and Louisiana to study participants’ design preferences and risk perceptions. Both expert and public samples preferred a yellow-to-red scheme, though experts thought the yellow-to-red scheme presented the hazard as riskier and the public thought the reds-only scheme was riskier. Experts and the public preferred a map graphic with overlays; they scored a map graphic with overlays as riskier than a version without overlays. Understanding the connection between color scheme preference and risk perception for both experts and the public has important implications on risk communication as new graphics are designed. The conclusion of this study provides avenues for future research for experts who want to apply universal design aspects into hurricane graphics.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0116.1
F. Macaluso, Amber M. Vaughn, Stefan Wheat, Richard F. Hamman, Katherine A. James
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are serious health conditions with an enormous global health burden. There is evidence to suggest that CKD rates are increasing within the U.S. despite declines in traditional risk factors for kidney injury and disease, disproportionately impacting certain populations. Changes in meteorological factors because of climate change may be partially responsible for this increase in kidney injury. This study evaluated the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and meteorological factors controlling for demographic and health factors among adults within the San Luis Valley, Colorado, a rural, bi-ethnic agrarian community at increased risk for health impacts from climate change, over a 15-year period. Relative humidity was a significant predictor of AKI controlling for age, sex, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes. Changing weather patterns may increase risk of AKI and the subsequent development of CKD within the U.S. These findings may help public health practitioners and medical professionals to identify populations at risk of incurring acute or chronic kidney injury as seasonal weather patterns change. Further research should investigate the role of heat, heat stress, and dehydration in developing CKD in the U.S.
{"title":"Climate and Kidney Injury: A look at the impact of meteorological factors on kidney function within Colorado","authors":"F. Macaluso, Amber M. Vaughn, Stefan Wheat, Richard F. Hamman, Katherine A. James","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0116.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0116.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are serious health conditions with an enormous global health burden. There is evidence to suggest that CKD rates are increasing within the U.S. despite declines in traditional risk factors for kidney injury and disease, disproportionately impacting certain populations. Changes in meteorological factors because of climate change may be partially responsible for this increase in kidney injury. This study evaluated the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and meteorological factors controlling for demographic and health factors among adults within the San Luis Valley, Colorado, a rural, bi-ethnic agrarian community at increased risk for health impacts from climate change, over a 15-year period. Relative humidity was a significant predictor of AKI controlling for age, sex, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes. Changing weather patterns may increase risk of AKI and the subsequent development of CKD within the U.S. These findings may help public health practitioners and medical professionals to identify populations at risk of incurring acute or chronic kidney injury as seasonal weather patterns change. Further research should investigate the role of heat, heat stress, and dehydration in developing CKD in the U.S.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0131.1
ShaoPeng Che, Kai Kuang, Shujun Liu
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly played pivotal roles in shaping climate agendas and mobilizing individuals to engage in environmental initiatives. However, the nature of NGOs’ online interaction with users, especially in developing countries, remains largely unexplored. This study focused on the dynamics of engagement between a Chinese NGO, Chinese Weather Enthusiasts (CWE), and Chinese youth on the social media platform of Bilibili. The research comprised two main components. First, named entity recognition was employed to analyze weather-related terms in CWE’s posts on Bilibili, and dynamic topic modeling was utilized to uncover shifts in thematic focus. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and negative binomial regression were employed to investigate the correlation between weather types and user engagement metrics. The study unveiled two noteworthy findings: first, CWE posts are closely linked to short-term weather, providing timely content that may meet the public’s demand for climate information. Second, the engagement of Chinese youth users is not affected by extreme weather types. Future research should continue to elucidate strategies that NGOs can employ to enhance online engagement among youth users.
{"title":"Climate agenda-setting for Chinese youth by Chinese non-governmental organizations: a case study of Chinese weather enthusiasts on Bilibili","authors":"ShaoPeng Che, Kai Kuang, Shujun Liu","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0131.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0131.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly played pivotal roles in shaping climate agendas and mobilizing individuals to engage in environmental initiatives. However, the nature of NGOs’ online interaction with users, especially in developing countries, remains largely unexplored. This study focused on the dynamics of engagement between a Chinese NGO, Chinese Weather Enthusiasts (CWE), and Chinese youth on the social media platform of Bilibili. The research comprised two main components. First, named entity recognition was employed to analyze weather-related terms in CWE’s posts on Bilibili, and dynamic topic modeling was utilized to uncover shifts in thematic focus. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and negative binomial regression were employed to investigate the correlation between weather types and user engagement metrics. The study unveiled two noteworthy findings: first, CWE posts are closely linked to short-term weather, providing timely content that may meet the public’s demand for climate information. Second, the engagement of Chinese youth users is not affected by extreme weather types. Future research should continue to elucidate strategies that NGOs can employ to enhance online engagement among youth users.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0061.1
Meng Wang, Cheng Huang, Qingguo Zhao
The impacts of climate change on health are a critical public health issue, but the association between extreme temperatures and birth outcomes remains poorly understood. This paper links over 1 million birth records from Dongguan, China, between 2004 and 2013, to meteorological data. We investigate the relationship between extreme temperatures and birth outcomes and explore the heterogeneity among different demographic and socioeconomic factors, including maternal migrant status, education level, and mode of delivery. We find that one percentage increase in the number of days exposed to extreme heat during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in birth weight of 2.31 grams and a 2% increase in odds of LBW, while exposure to extreme cold temperatures is associated with a reduction in birthweight (0.66 g) and an increase in risk of LBW (1%). The association between extreme high temperatures and adverse birth outcomes is stronger for groups with disadvantaged social status. Specifically, the migrant group (for extreme heat exposure, local residents, −0.37 g, intra-provincial migrants, −2.75 g, out-of-province migrants, −2.49 g), the less-educated group (for extreme heat exposure, middle school or below, −2.47 g, high school or above, −1.66 g), and the group with vaginal birth (for extreme heat exposure, C-sections, −1.56 g, vaginal birth, −2.62 g) are more sensitive to extreme weather conditions. Our study provides further evidence about the association of extreme temperatures with birth outcomes and for vulnerable groups of pregnant women.
{"title":"Extreme temperatures, birth outcomes, and social inequalities: Evidence from South China","authors":"Meng Wang, Cheng Huang, Qingguo Zhao","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0061.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0061.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The impacts of climate change on health are a critical public health issue, but the association between extreme temperatures and birth outcomes remains poorly understood. This paper links over 1 million birth records from Dongguan, China, between 2004 and 2013, to meteorological data. We investigate the relationship between extreme temperatures and birth outcomes and explore the heterogeneity among different demographic and socioeconomic factors, including maternal migrant status, education level, and mode of delivery. We find that one percentage increase in the number of days exposed to extreme heat during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in birth weight of 2.31 grams and a 2% increase in odds of LBW, while exposure to extreme cold temperatures is associated with a reduction in birthweight (0.66 g) and an increase in risk of LBW (1%). The association between extreme high temperatures and adverse birth outcomes is stronger for groups with disadvantaged social status. Specifically, the migrant group (for extreme heat exposure, local residents, −0.37 g, intra-provincial migrants, −2.75 g, out-of-province migrants, −2.49 g), the less-educated group (for extreme heat exposure, middle school or below, −2.47 g, high school or above, −1.66 g), and the group with vaginal birth (for extreme heat exposure, C-sections, −1.56 g, vaginal birth, −2.62 g) are more sensitive to extreme weather conditions. Our study provides further evidence about the association of extreme temperatures with birth outcomes and for vulnerable groups of pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1175/wcas-d-23-0113.1
Breanna C. Beaver, S. Navy, Jennifer L. Heisler
In order to produce a climate-literate society willing to take action, students must be educated on the causes, changes, impacts, and solutions of climate change. One way to ensure students are educated on climate change is to have robust science standards. However, little is known about the collective climate change standards in the United States (US). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of the US K-12 science standards to uncover where the climate change standards are located in different grade levels and the extent to which the collective US curriculum covers topics of climate change. This study was a qualitative content analysis of US K-12 climate change standards. The results show that most US climate change standards are found within the high school grade levels and the Earth and Space Science domains. All US states address topics of climate change within their standards, however general mentions of climate change were cited most often. Finally, the majority of states address both natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change. Implications for policy makers and educators are included.
{"title":"An Analysis of K-12 Climate Change Science Standards in the United States","authors":"Breanna C. Beaver, S. Navy, Jennifer L. Heisler","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-23-0113.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0113.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In order to produce a climate-literate society willing to take action, students must be educated on the causes, changes, impacts, and solutions of climate change. One way to ensure students are educated on climate change is to have robust science standards. However, little is known about the collective climate change standards in the United States (US). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of the US K-12 science standards to uncover where the climate change standards are located in different grade levels and the extent to which the collective US curriculum covers topics of climate change. This study was a qualitative content analysis of US K-12 climate change standards. The results show that most US climate change standards are found within the high school grade levels and the Earth and Space Science domains. All US states address topics of climate change within their standards, however general mentions of climate change were cited most often. Finally, the majority of states address both natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change. Implications for policy makers and educators are included.","PeriodicalId":507492,"journal":{"name":"Weather, Climate, and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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