Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020052
Bin Zhang, Bin Xue, Shuang Xiao, Xingzhu Wang
Metal halide perovskite (MHP) detectors are highly esteemed for their outstanding photoelectric properties and versatility in applications. However, they are unfortunately prone to degradation, which constitutes a significant barrier to their sustained performance. This review meticulously delves into the causes leading to their instability, predominantly attributable to factors such as humidity, temperature, and electric fields and, notably, to various radiation factors such as X-rays, γ-rays, electron beams, and proton beams. Furthermore, it outlines recent advancements in strategies aimed at mitigating these detrimental effects, emphasizing breakthroughs in composition engineering, heterostructure construction, and encapsulation methodologies. At last, this review underscores the needs for future improvements in theoretical studies, material design, and standard testing protocols. In the pursuit of optimizing the chemical stability of MHP detectors, collaborative efforts are in an imperative need. In this way, broad industrial applications of MHP detectors could be achieved.
金属卤化物过氧化物（MHP）探测器因其出色的光电特性和多功能应用而备受推崇。然而，不幸的是，它们很容易降解，这严重阻碍了其性能的持续发挥。这篇综述深入探讨了导致其不稳定的原因，主要是湿度、温度和电场等因素，尤其是 X 射线、γ 射线、电子束和质子束等各种辐射因素。此外，综述还概述了旨在减轻这些有害影响的策略的最新进展，强调了在成分工程、异质结构构建和封装方法方面的突破。最后，本综述强调了未来在理论研究、材料设计和标准测试协议方面的改进需求。在追求优化 MHP 探测器化学稳定性的过程中，迫切需要各方通力合作。这样，MHP 探测器才能广泛应用于工业领域。
{"title":"Chemical Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Detectors","authors":"Bin Zhang, Bin Xue, Shuang Xiao, Xingzhu Wang","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020052","url":null,"abstract":"Metal halide perovskite (MHP) detectors are highly esteemed for their outstanding photoelectric properties and versatility in applications. However, they are unfortunately prone to degradation, which constitutes a significant barrier to their sustained performance. This review meticulously delves into the causes leading to their instability, predominantly attributable to factors such as humidity, temperature, and electric fields and, notably, to various radiation factors such as X-rays, γ-rays, electron beams, and proton beams. Furthermore, it outlines recent advancements in strategies aimed at mitigating these detrimental effects, emphasizing breakthroughs in composition engineering, heterostructure construction, and encapsulation methodologies. At last, this review underscores the needs for future improvements in theoretical studies, material design, and standard testing protocols. In the pursuit of optimizing the chemical stability of MHP detectors, collaborative efforts are in an imperative need. In this way, broad industrial applications of MHP detectors could be achieved.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020051
M. G. Arenas-Quevedo, M. E. Manríquez, J. A. Wang, O. Elizalde-Solis, J. González-García, A. Zúñiga-Moreno, L. F. Chen
This work investigates biodiesel production via transesterification of Mexican palm oil with methanol catalyzed by binary solid base core–shell catalysts with improved catalytic stability. A series of CaO–ZnO mixed solids were prepared using an inexpensive co–precipitation method by varying ZnO content from 5 to 20 mol%. Several factors, such as surface basicity, ZnO content, phase compositions, and thermal treatment of the catalysts, were all proven to be crucial for the production of biodiesel with good quality. Thermal treatment could effectively remove the surface adsorbed water and impurities and improved the catalytic activity. The addition of ZnO to CaO significantly enhanced the catalysts’ stability; however, it led to lower surface basicity and slightly diminished catalytic activity. ZnO doping inhibited the formation of surface Ca(OH)2 and promoted the formation of Ca–Zn–O or CaZn2(OH)6 phase as the core and a surface CaCO3 shell, which effectively decreased Ca2+ leaching by approximately 74% in methanol and 65% in a methanol–glycerol (4:1) mixture. A combined method of separation and purification for obtaining clean biodiesel with high quality was proposed. The biodiesel obtained under the control conditions exhibited properties which satisfied the corresponding standards well.
{"title":"ZnO–Doped CaO Binary Core–Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production via Mexican Palm Oil Transesterification","authors":"M. G. Arenas-Quevedo, M. E. Manríquez, J. A. Wang, O. Elizalde-Solis, J. González-García, A. Zúñiga-Moreno, L. F. Chen","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020051","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates biodiesel production via transesterification of Mexican palm oil with methanol catalyzed by binary solid base core–shell catalysts with improved catalytic stability. A series of CaO–ZnO mixed solids were prepared using an inexpensive co–precipitation method by varying ZnO content from 5 to 20 mol%. Several factors, such as surface basicity, ZnO content, phase compositions, and thermal treatment of the catalysts, were all proven to be crucial for the production of biodiesel with good quality. Thermal treatment could effectively remove the surface adsorbed water and impurities and improved the catalytic activity. The addition of ZnO to CaO significantly enhanced the catalysts’ stability; however, it led to lower surface basicity and slightly diminished catalytic activity. ZnO doping inhibited the formation of surface Ca(OH)2 and promoted the formation of Ca–Zn–O or CaZn2(OH)6 phase as the core and a surface CaCO3 shell, which effectively decreased Ca2+ leaching by approximately 74% in methanol and 65% in a methanol–glycerol (4:1) mixture. A combined method of separation and purification for obtaining clean biodiesel with high quality was proposed. The biodiesel obtained under the control conditions exhibited properties which satisfied the corresponding standards well.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139807549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020050
Hiroshi Takashima, Daisuke Nakane, T. Akitsu
Alzheimer’s disease causes the destruction of cranial nerve cells and is said to be caused by neuronal cell death due to the accumulation of amyloid-β protein. One method for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is to reduce the toxicity of the amyloid beta protein. Among the possibilities is to reduce toxicity by changing the secondary structure of the protein. In this study, the secondary structure of the protein was verified by binding a zinc complex to the protein and irradiating it with an infrared free-electron laser (IR-FEL). By binding Salen-Type zinc complexes to human serum albumin (HSA) and irradiating it with IR-FEL, structural changes were observed in the α-helix and β-sheet, the secondary structure of HSA. In addition to researching the possibility of binding zinc complexes to small proteins, docking simulations were examined. GOLD docking simulations showed that it is possible to bind zinc complexes to lysozyme (Lyz), a small protein. These results suggest that binding zinc complexes to amyloid-β and inducing a secondary conformational change through IR-FEL irradiation could be used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by making the complexes lose their toxicity.
{"title":"Application of Infrared Free-Electron Laser Irradiation of Protein Complexes Binding to Salen-Type Schiff Base Zn(II) Complexes Using Secondary Conformational Changes in the Proteins for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Hiroshi Takashima, Daisuke Nakane, T. Akitsu","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020050","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease causes the destruction of cranial nerve cells and is said to be caused by neuronal cell death due to the accumulation of amyloid-β protein. One method for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is to reduce the toxicity of the amyloid beta protein. Among the possibilities is to reduce toxicity by changing the secondary structure of the protein. In this study, the secondary structure of the protein was verified by binding a zinc complex to the protein and irradiating it with an infrared free-electron laser (IR-FEL). By binding Salen-Type zinc complexes to human serum albumin (HSA) and irradiating it with IR-FEL, structural changes were observed in the α-helix and β-sheet, the secondary structure of HSA. In addition to researching the possibility of binding zinc complexes to small proteins, docking simulations were examined. GOLD docking simulations showed that it is possible to bind zinc complexes to lysozyme (Lyz), a small protein. These results suggest that binding zinc complexes to amyloid-β and inducing a secondary conformational change through IR-FEL irradiation could be used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by making the complexes lose their toxicity.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139807839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020050
Hiroshi Takashima, Daisuke Nakane, T. Akitsu
Alzheimer’s disease causes the destruction of cranial nerve cells and is said to be caused by neuronal cell death due to the accumulation of amyloid-β protein. One method for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is to reduce the toxicity of the amyloid beta protein. Among the possibilities is to reduce toxicity by changing the secondary structure of the protein. In this study, the secondary structure of the protein was verified by binding a zinc complex to the protein and irradiating it with an infrared free-electron laser (IR-FEL). By binding Salen-Type zinc complexes to human serum albumin (HSA) and irradiating it with IR-FEL, structural changes were observed in the α-helix and β-sheet, the secondary structure of HSA. In addition to researching the possibility of binding zinc complexes to small proteins, docking simulations were examined. GOLD docking simulations showed that it is possible to bind zinc complexes to lysozyme (Lyz), a small protein. These results suggest that binding zinc complexes to amyloid-β and inducing a secondary conformational change through IR-FEL irradiation could be used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by making the complexes lose their toxicity.
{"title":"Application of Infrared Free-Electron Laser Irradiation of Protein Complexes Binding to Salen-Type Schiff Base Zn(II) Complexes Using Secondary Conformational Changes in the Proteins for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Hiroshi Takashima, Daisuke Nakane, T. Akitsu","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020050","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease causes the destruction of cranial nerve cells and is said to be caused by neuronal cell death due to the accumulation of amyloid-β protein. One method for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is to reduce the toxicity of the amyloid beta protein. Among the possibilities is to reduce toxicity by changing the secondary structure of the protein. In this study, the secondary structure of the protein was verified by binding a zinc complex to the protein and irradiating it with an infrared free-electron laser (IR-FEL). By binding Salen-Type zinc complexes to human serum albumin (HSA) and irradiating it with IR-FEL, structural changes were observed in the α-helix and β-sheet, the secondary structure of HSA. In addition to researching the possibility of binding zinc complexes to small proteins, docking simulations were examined. GOLD docking simulations showed that it is possible to bind zinc complexes to lysozyme (Lyz), a small protein. These results suggest that binding zinc complexes to amyloid-β and inducing a secondary conformational change through IR-FEL irradiation could be used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by making the complexes lose their toxicity.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139867848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020051
M. G. Arenas-Quevedo, M. E. Manríquez, J. A. Wang, O. Elizalde-Solis, J. González-García, A. Zúñiga-Moreno, L. F. Chen
This work investigates biodiesel production via transesterification of Mexican palm oil with methanol catalyzed by binary solid base core–shell catalysts with improved catalytic stability. A series of CaO–ZnO mixed solids were prepared using an inexpensive co–precipitation method by varying ZnO content from 5 to 20 mol%. Several factors, such as surface basicity, ZnO content, phase compositions, and thermal treatment of the catalysts, were all proven to be crucial for the production of biodiesel with good quality. Thermal treatment could effectively remove the surface adsorbed water and impurities and improved the catalytic activity. The addition of ZnO to CaO significantly enhanced the catalysts’ stability; however, it led to lower surface basicity and slightly diminished catalytic activity. ZnO doping inhibited the formation of surface Ca(OH)2 and promoted the formation of Ca–Zn–O or CaZn2(OH)6 phase as the core and a surface CaCO3 shell, which effectively decreased Ca2+ leaching by approximately 74% in methanol and 65% in a methanol–glycerol (4:1) mixture. A combined method of separation and purification for obtaining clean biodiesel with high quality was proposed. The biodiesel obtained under the control conditions exhibited properties which satisfied the corresponding standards well.
{"title":"ZnO–Doped CaO Binary Core–Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production via Mexican Palm Oil Transesterification","authors":"M. G. Arenas-Quevedo, M. E. Manríquez, J. A. Wang, O. Elizalde-Solis, J. González-García, A. Zúñiga-Moreno, L. F. Chen","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020051","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates biodiesel production via transesterification of Mexican palm oil with methanol catalyzed by binary solid base core–shell catalysts with improved catalytic stability. A series of CaO–ZnO mixed solids were prepared using an inexpensive co–precipitation method by varying ZnO content from 5 to 20 mol%. Several factors, such as surface basicity, ZnO content, phase compositions, and thermal treatment of the catalysts, were all proven to be crucial for the production of biodiesel with good quality. Thermal treatment could effectively remove the surface adsorbed water and impurities and improved the catalytic activity. The addition of ZnO to CaO significantly enhanced the catalysts’ stability; however, it led to lower surface basicity and slightly diminished catalytic activity. ZnO doping inhibited the formation of surface Ca(OH)2 and promoted the formation of Ca–Zn–O or CaZn2(OH)6 phase as the core and a surface CaCO3 shell, which effectively decreased Ca2+ leaching by approximately 74% in methanol and 65% in a methanol–glycerol (4:1) mixture. A combined method of separation and purification for obtaining clean biodiesel with high quality was proposed. The biodiesel obtained under the control conditions exhibited properties which satisfied the corresponding standards well.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139867722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020052
Bin Zhang, Bin Xue, Shuang Xiao, Xingzhu Wang
Metal halide perovskite (MHP) detectors are highly esteemed for their outstanding photoelectric properties and versatility in applications. However, they are unfortunately prone to degradation, which constitutes a significant barrier to their sustained performance. This review meticulously delves into the causes leading to their instability, predominantly attributable to factors such as humidity, temperature, and electric fields and, notably, to various radiation factors such as X-rays, γ-rays, electron beams, and proton beams. Furthermore, it outlines recent advancements in strategies aimed at mitigating these detrimental effects, emphasizing breakthroughs in composition engineering, heterostructure construction, and encapsulation methodologies. At last, this review underscores the needs for future improvements in theoretical studies, material design, and standard testing protocols. In the pursuit of optimizing the chemical stability of MHP detectors, collaborative efforts are in an imperative need. In this way, broad industrial applications of MHP detectors could be achieved.
金属卤化物过氧化物（MHP）探测器因其出色的光电特性和多功能应用而备受推崇。然而，不幸的是，它们很容易降解，这严重阻碍了其性能的持续发挥。这篇综述深入探讨了导致其不稳定的原因，主要是湿度、温度和电场等因素，尤其是 X 射线、γ 射线、电子束和质子束等各种辐射因素。此外，综述还概述了旨在减轻这些有害影响的策略的最新进展，强调了在成分工程、异质结构构建和封装方法方面的突破。最后，本综述强调了未来在理论研究、材料设计和标准测试协议方面的改进需求。在追求优化 MHP 探测器化学稳定性的过程中，迫切需要各方通力合作。这样，MHP 探测器才能广泛应用于工业领域。
{"title":"Chemical Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Detectors","authors":"Bin Zhang, Bin Xue, Shuang Xiao, Xingzhu Wang","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020052","url":null,"abstract":"Metal halide perovskite (MHP) detectors are highly esteemed for their outstanding photoelectric properties and versatility in applications. However, they are unfortunately prone to degradation, which constitutes a significant barrier to their sustained performance. This review meticulously delves into the causes leading to their instability, predominantly attributable to factors such as humidity, temperature, and electric fields and, notably, to various radiation factors such as X-rays, γ-rays, electron beams, and proton beams. Furthermore, it outlines recent advancements in strategies aimed at mitigating these detrimental effects, emphasizing breakthroughs in composition engineering, heterostructure construction, and encapsulation methodologies. At last, this review underscores the needs for future improvements in theoretical studies, material design, and standard testing protocols. In the pursuit of optimizing the chemical stability of MHP detectors, collaborative efforts are in an imperative need. In this way, broad industrial applications of MHP detectors could be achieved.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020048
Fupin Liu, Alexey A. Popov
Metallofullerenes are interesting molecules with unique structures and physicochemical properties. After they are formed in the arc-discharge process, they are first buried in the carbon soot, which requires solvent extraction to fish them out, normally followed by HPLC separation. In this minireview, we summarize the main procedures developed to obtain pure metallofullerenes, including well-established extraction with conventional fullerene solvents followed by HPLC (procedure (I) as well as several methods developed for isolation and purification of unstable fullerenes insoluble in conventional fullerene solvents, including chemical modification followed by dissolution (II.1), chemical functionalization during extraction followed by HPLC (II.2), and chemical functionalization of ionic EMFs after redox-extraction followed by HPLC (procedure II.3). The main focus here is on procedure II.3, for which the current status and future perspective are discussed.
{"title":"Capturing Unstable Metallofullerenes","authors":"Fupin Liu, Alexey A. Popov","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020048","url":null,"abstract":"Metallofullerenes are interesting molecules with unique structures and physicochemical properties. After they are formed in the arc-discharge process, they are first buried in the carbon soot, which requires solvent extraction to fish them out, normally followed by HPLC separation. In this minireview, we summarize the main procedures developed to obtain pure metallofullerenes, including well-established extraction with conventional fullerene solvents followed by HPLC (procedure (I) as well as several methods developed for isolation and purification of unstable fullerenes insoluble in conventional fullerene solvents, including chemical modification followed by dissolution (II.1), chemical functionalization during extraction followed by HPLC (II.2), and chemical functionalization of ionic EMFs after redox-extraction followed by HPLC (procedure II.3). The main focus here is on procedure II.3, for which the current status and future perspective are discussed.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020047
M. Khowdiary, Hind Alsnani, Mohamed S. A. Darwish
The promising physical and chemical properties of components of magnetic polymers could enable extending their intelligent behaviors to material applications. Indeed, investigation into magnetic nanofillers to ensure their uniform dispersion within the polymer matrix remains a great challenge at present. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (PVA@IONPs) were prepared using ultrasonic-assisted coprecipitation at room temperature. It is possible to produce PVA@IONPs with desirable shapes and sizes, which would enable the control of their hyperthermia and photocatalytic performance under an external magnetic field. The saturation magnetization of PVA@IONPs (45.08 emu g−1) was enhanced to the level of IONPs (41.93 emu g−1). The PVA@IONPs showed good photocatalytic and outstanding self-heating behavior. The hydrogen yield was 60 mmole min−1 g−1 for photocatalyst PVA@IONPs under visible light with magnetic force. In addition, the PVA@IONPs exhibited a higher specific absorption rate (SAR) than IONPs under the same magnetic field conditions. The PVA@IONPs displayed superior self-heating and photocatalytic performances, rendering them appropriate materials for biomedical and environmental applications.
{"title":"Hyperthermia and Photocatalytic Performance of Magnetic Polyvinyl Alcohol under External Magnetic Field","authors":"M. Khowdiary, Hind Alsnani, Mohamed S. A. Darwish","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020047","url":null,"abstract":"The promising physical and chemical properties of components of magnetic polymers could enable extending their intelligent behaviors to material applications. Indeed, investigation into magnetic nanofillers to ensure their uniform dispersion within the polymer matrix remains a great challenge at present. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (PVA@IONPs) were prepared using ultrasonic-assisted coprecipitation at room temperature. It is possible to produce PVA@IONPs with desirable shapes and sizes, which would enable the control of their hyperthermia and photocatalytic performance under an external magnetic field. The saturation magnetization of PVA@IONPs (45.08 emu g−1) was enhanced to the level of IONPs (41.93 emu g−1). The PVA@IONPs showed good photocatalytic and outstanding self-heating behavior. The hydrogen yield was 60 mmole min−1 g−1 for photocatalyst PVA@IONPs under visible light with magnetic force. In addition, the PVA@IONPs exhibited a higher specific absorption rate (SAR) than IONPs under the same magnetic field conditions. The PVA@IONPs displayed superior self-heating and photocatalytic performances, rendering them appropriate materials for biomedical and environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140482125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020045
Yabei Wu, Zhonghao Zhou, Zhiyong Wang
The polymerization of fullerenes is a significant method for obtaining fullerene-based materials that possess intriguing properties. Metallofullerenes, as a notable type of fullerene derivatives, are also capable of undergoing polymerization, potentially resulting in the creation of metallofullerene polymers. However, there is currently limited knowledge regarding the polymerization process of metallofullerenes. In this study, we have selected Ca@C 60 as a representative compound to investigate the polymerization process of metallofullerenes. The objective of this research is to determine whether the polymerization process is energetically favorable and to examine how the electronic properties of the metallofullerene are altered throughout the polymerization process. Ca@C 60 is a unique metallofullerene molecule that exhibits insolubility in common fullerene solvents like toluene and carbon disulfide but is soluble in aniline. This behavior suggests a potential tendency for Ca@C 60 to form oligomers and polymers that resist dissolution. However, the structures and properties of polymerized Ca@C 60 remain unknown. We employed density functional theory calculations to investigate the stability and electronic properties of one-dimensional and two-dimensional Ca@C 60 oligomers and polymers. Our findings indicate that the coalescence of Ca@C 60 monomers is energetically favorable, with a significant contribution from van der Waals interactions between the fullerene cages. The polymerization process of Ca@C 60 also involves the formation of covalent linkages, including four-atom rings and C-C single bonds. The increase in the number of the Ca@C 60 units to three and four in the oligomer leads to a significant decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap. In the two-dimensional polymerized Ca@C 60, the organization of the monomers closely resembles the spatial configuration of carbon atoms in graphene. With a direct bandgap of 0.22 eV, the polymerized Ca@C 60 holds potential for utilization in optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Stability and Electronic Properties of 1D and 2D Ca@C60 Oligomers and Polymers","authors":"Yabei Wu, Zhonghao Zhou, Zhiyong Wang","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020045","url":null,"abstract":"The polymerization of fullerenes is a significant method for obtaining fullerene-based materials that possess intriguing properties. Metallofullerenes, as a notable type of fullerene derivatives, are also capable of undergoing polymerization, potentially resulting in the creation of metallofullerene polymers. However, there is currently limited knowledge regarding the polymerization process of metallofullerenes. In this study, we have selected Ca@C 60 as a representative compound to investigate the polymerization process of metallofullerenes. The objective of this research is to determine whether the polymerization process is energetically favorable and to examine how the electronic properties of the metallofullerene are altered throughout the polymerization process. Ca@C 60 is a unique metallofullerene molecule that exhibits insolubility in common fullerene solvents like toluene and carbon disulfide but is soluble in aniline. This behavior suggests a potential tendency for Ca@C 60 to form oligomers and polymers that resist dissolution. However, the structures and properties of polymerized Ca@C 60 remain unknown. We employed density functional theory calculations to investigate the stability and electronic properties of one-dimensional and two-dimensional Ca@C 60 oligomers and polymers. Our findings indicate that the coalescence of Ca@C 60 monomers is energetically favorable, with a significant contribution from van der Waals interactions between the fullerene cages. The polymerization process of Ca@C 60 also involves the formation of covalent linkages, including four-atom rings and C-C single bonds. The increase in the number of the Ca@C 60 units to three and four in the oligomer leads to a significant decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap. In the two-dimensional polymerized Ca@C 60, the organization of the monomers closely resembles the spatial configuration of carbon atoms in graphene. With a direct bandgap of 0.22 eV, the polymerized Ca@C 60 holds potential for utilization in optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140490115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.3390/inorganics12020046
Tobias Bens, Biprajit Sarkar
Metal complexes of mesoionic carbenes (MICs) of the triazolylidene type and their derivatives have gained increasing attention in the fields of electrocatalysis and photochemistry. The redox activity of these metal complexes is critical for their applications in both the aforementioned fields. Easy accessibility and modular synthesis open a wide field for the design of ligands, such as bidentate ligands. The combination of an MIC with a pyridyl unit in a bidentate ligand setup increases the π acceptor properties of the ligands while retaining their strong σ donor properties. The analogy with the well-established 2,2′-bipyridine ligand allows conclusions to be drawn about the influence of the mesoionic carbene (MIC) moiety in tetracarbonyl group 6 complexes in cyclic voltammetry and (spectro)electrochemistry (SEC). However, the effects of the different connectivity in pyridyl-MIC ligands remain underexplored. Based on our previous studies, we present a thorough investigation of the influence of the two different pyridyl-MIC constitutional isomers on the electrochemical and the UV-vis-NIR/IR/EPR spectroelectrochemical properties of group 6 carbonyl complexes. Moreover, the presented complexes were investigated for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 using two different working electrodes, providing a fundamental understanding of the influence of the electrode material in the precatalytic activation.
{"title":"Investigations of the Influence of Two Pyridyl-Mesoionic Carbene Constitutional Isomers on the Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Group 6 Metal Carbonyl Complexes","authors":"Tobias Bens, Biprajit Sarkar","doi":"10.3390/inorganics12020046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12020046","url":null,"abstract":"Metal complexes of mesoionic carbenes (MICs) of the triazolylidene type and their derivatives have gained increasing attention in the fields of electrocatalysis and photochemistry. The redox activity of these metal complexes is critical for their applications in both the aforementioned fields. Easy accessibility and modular synthesis open a wide field for the design of ligands, such as bidentate ligands. The combination of an MIC with a pyridyl unit in a bidentate ligand setup increases the π acceptor properties of the ligands while retaining their strong σ donor properties. The analogy with the well-established 2,2′-bipyridine ligand allows conclusions to be drawn about the influence of the mesoionic carbene (MIC) moiety in tetracarbonyl group 6 complexes in cyclic voltammetry and (spectro)electrochemistry (SEC). However, the effects of the different connectivity in pyridyl-MIC ligands remain underexplored. Based on our previous studies, we present a thorough investigation of the influence of the two different pyridyl-MIC constitutional isomers on the electrochemical and the UV-vis-NIR/IR/EPR spectroelectrochemical properties of group 6 carbonyl complexes. Moreover, the presented complexes were investigated for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 using two different working electrodes, providing a fundamental understanding of the influence of the electrode material in the precatalytic activation.","PeriodicalId":507601,"journal":{"name":"Inorganics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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