Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/02537176241252957
Kumari Rina, Ayoleena Roy, Meenu, Anirban Ray
{"title":"A Case Study of Idiopathic Infantile Dyskinesia and a Revisit to the Psychological Schools: Saving the Peter Out","authors":"Kumari Rina, Ayoleena Roy, Meenu, Anirban Ray","doi":"10.1177/02537176241252957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241252957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"63 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1177/02537176241245773
Rajeev S. P., Gokul M. Nair, Krishna K. K., Chris Maria
Postpartum emotional issues, including postpartum blues, postpartum psychosis, and postpartum depression (PPD), affect many mothers worldwide. The prevalence of postpartum blues ranges from 300 to 750 per 1,000 mothers, while postpartum psychosis has a prevalence of 0.89–2.6 cases per 1,000 births. PPD affects 100–150 new mothers per 1,000 births, and its prevalence can go above 25% globally. Depression in mothers can have long-lasting impacts on children and the next generation, affecting their growth, development, and relationships. However, the condition of PPD is frequently misdiagnosed, and women who suffer from it do not receive treatment. There is a lack of solid systematic evidence that looks at the overall burden of PPD and the risk factors that are associated with it in India. The awareness of PPD is critical in managing the symptoms and seeking professional support, and studies are needed to evaluate and assess the situation in India. This study is a systematic literature review with a scoping review approach aimed at providing existing evidence on the awareness and prevalence of PPD in India. The search strategy for the electronic bibliographic search included a list of related terms and factors of awareness and prevalence of PPD. The search encompassed six prominent databases. The assessment tools used in studies from 2012 to 2023 study the factors using the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS) and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, which measure the awareness and prevalence of PPD. The study found a significantly low volume of studies conducted in India to determine the prevalence of PPD. The materials or studies accessible are hospital-based research with a minimal number of samples. The reported prevalence rate of postpartum depression (PPD) in India varies across different studies, ranging from 4% to 48.5%. Among mothers who gave birth either naturally or by cesarean section in a hospital setting, one study reported the lowest prevalence rate (4%). The prevalence of PPD among women in India is estimated to be 18% based on the average score across all research. A study that evaluated the moms in the community found that PPD was prevalent in new mothers at a rate of 21.5%. There are three studies, in particular, that focus on how aware people are of PPD. Two studies found that 54% of the family members of postpartum moms and women undergoing tertiary pediatric care are aware of PPD. Many studies point to the lack of social support as a significant risk factor for mental health complications after delivery. History of depression, anxiety, adverse life events, partner abuse, low economic status, complications at childbirth, and a traumatic childbirth experience are some of the associated factors identified in the studies. Studies have also shown that women who undergo a cesarean section have a higher risk of developing PPD than those with a vaginal delivery.
{"title":"India’s Silent Struggle: A Scoping Review on Postpartum Depression in the Land of a Billion Mothers","authors":"Rajeev S. P., Gokul M. Nair, Krishna K. K., Chris Maria","doi":"10.1177/02537176241245773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241245773","url":null,"abstract":"Postpartum emotional issues, including postpartum blues, postpartum psychosis, and postpartum depression (PPD), affect many mothers worldwide. The prevalence of postpartum blues ranges from 300 to 750 per 1,000 mothers, while postpartum psychosis has a prevalence of 0.89–2.6 cases per 1,000 births. PPD affects 100–150 new mothers per 1,000 births, and its prevalence can go above 25% globally. Depression in mothers can have long-lasting impacts on children and the next generation, affecting their growth, development, and relationships. However, the condition of PPD is frequently misdiagnosed, and women who suffer from it do not receive treatment. There is a lack of solid systematic evidence that looks at the overall burden of PPD and the risk factors that are associated with it in India. The awareness of PPD is critical in managing the symptoms and seeking professional support, and studies are needed to evaluate and assess the situation in India. This study is a systematic literature review with a scoping review approach aimed at providing existing evidence on the awareness and prevalence of PPD in India. The search strategy for the electronic bibliographic search included a list of related terms and factors of awareness and prevalence of PPD. The search encompassed six prominent databases. The assessment tools used in studies from 2012 to 2023 study the factors using the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS) and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, which measure the awareness and prevalence of PPD. The study found a significantly low volume of studies conducted in India to determine the prevalence of PPD. The materials or studies accessible are hospital-based research with a minimal number of samples. The reported prevalence rate of postpartum depression (PPD) in India varies across different studies, ranging from 4% to 48.5%. Among mothers who gave birth either naturally or by cesarean section in a hospital setting, one study reported the lowest prevalence rate (4%). The prevalence of PPD among women in India is estimated to be 18% based on the average score across all research. A study that evaluated the moms in the community found that PPD was prevalent in new mothers at a rate of 21.5%. There are three studies, in particular, that focus on how aware people are of PPD. Two studies found that 54% of the family members of postpartum moms and women undergoing tertiary pediatric care are aware of PPD. Many studies point to the lack of social support as a significant risk factor for mental health complications after delivery. History of depression, anxiety, adverse life events, partner abuse, low economic status, complications at childbirth, and a traumatic childbirth experience are some of the associated factors identified in the studies. Studies have also shown that women who undergo a cesarean section have a higher risk of developing PPD than those with a vaginal delivery.","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-05DOI: 10.1177/02537176241240096
Supritha, Mruthyunjaya N., Abhay Maktar, Shashidhara H. L., Sandeep M. R.
Suicide is a significant public health issue, yet it can be avoided with prompt, evidence-based, and frequently inexpensive interventions. There are distinctions between the profiles of impulsive suicide attempters (ISA) and non-impulsive suicide attempters (NISA), and a significant number of suicide attempts are impulsive. A thorough multisectoral suicide prevention strategy is necessary for an effective national response. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in Karnataka. Sixty inpatients above the age of 18 years with an alleged history of suicide attempts were enrolled in the study. Their stressful life events in the past year were assessed using the Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLES). Impulsive and non-impulsive attempters were considered based on the time gap between the suicidal ideation and the suicidal attempt with the presence or absence of plans regarding the act. They were compared using appropriate inferential statistical tests. The majority of the suicide attempts were impulsive (63.3%). The ISA and NISA did not differ in socio-demographic characteristics except for age and family type, with impulsive attempters being more common at younger ages than the non-impulsive attempters ( p = .02). The majority of ISA were from joint families (44.7%), while 72.7% of NISA were from nuclear households ( p = .04). Compared to ISA, NISA recollected a higher number of stressors. The ISA and NISA differ in aspects of age, family type, and stressors. Characteristic distinctions between ISA and NISA should be recognized and understood in order to design policies for suicide prevention and minimize morbidity and mortality. Exploring and addressing the stressors and helping patients to overcome them through better coping skills helps in suicide prevention.
自杀是一个重大的公共卫生问题，然而，通过及时、循证且通常成本低廉的干预措施，自杀是可以避免的。冲动型自杀企图者（ISA）和非冲动型自杀企图者（NISA）的特征是有区别的，而且相当多的自杀企图都是冲动型的。要在全国范围内采取有效的应对措施，就必须制定全面的多部门自杀预防战略。这项观察性横断面研究在卡纳塔克邦的一家三级医疗保健中心进行。60 名年龄在 18 岁以上、据称有过自杀未遂史的住院病人被纳入研究。研究人员使用推定生活压力事件量表（PSLES）对他们过去一年的生活压力事件进行了评估。根据自杀意念和自杀未遂之间的时间差，以及是否有自杀计划，将冲动型和非冲动型企图自杀者进行比较。通过适当的推理统计检验对两者进行比较。大多数自杀未遂者（63.3%）都是冲动型自杀。除了年龄和家庭类型外，ISA 和 NISA 在社会人口特征方面没有差异，冲动型自杀未遂者的年龄比非冲动型自杀未遂者更小 ( p = .02)。大多数 ISA 来自联合家庭（44.7%），而 72.7% 的 NISA 来自核心家庭 ( p = .04)。与 ISA 相比，NISA 回忆起的压力源更多。ISA 和 NISA 在年龄、家庭类型和压力源方面存在差异。应认识并理解 ISA 和 NISA 之间的特征区别，以便制定预防自杀的政策，最大限度地降低发病率和死亡率。探索和解决压力源，并通过更好的应对技巧帮助患者克服压力源，有助于预防自杀。
{"title":"Stressful Life Events in Impulsive and Non-impulsive Suicide Attempters: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Supritha, Mruthyunjaya N., Abhay Maktar, Shashidhara H. L., Sandeep M. R.","doi":"10.1177/02537176241240096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241240096","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is a significant public health issue, yet it can be avoided with prompt, evidence-based, and frequently inexpensive interventions. There are distinctions between the profiles of impulsive suicide attempters (ISA) and non-impulsive suicide attempters (NISA), and a significant number of suicide attempts are impulsive. A thorough multisectoral suicide prevention strategy is necessary for an effective national response. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in Karnataka. Sixty inpatients above the age of 18 years with an alleged history of suicide attempts were enrolled in the study. Their stressful life events in the past year were assessed using the Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLES). Impulsive and non-impulsive attempters were considered based on the time gap between the suicidal ideation and the suicidal attempt with the presence or absence of plans regarding the act. They were compared using appropriate inferential statistical tests. The majority of the suicide attempts were impulsive (63.3%). The ISA and NISA did not differ in socio-demographic characteristics except for age and family type, with impulsive attempters being more common at younger ages than the non-impulsive attempters ( p = .02). The majority of ISA were from joint families (44.7%), while 72.7% of NISA were from nuclear households ( p = .04). Compared to ISA, NISA recollected a higher number of stressors. The ISA and NISA differ in aspects of age, family type, and stressors. Characteristic distinctions between ISA and NISA should be recognized and understood in order to design policies for suicide prevention and minimize morbidity and mortality. Exploring and addressing the stressors and helping patients to overcome them through better coping skills helps in suicide prevention.","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"301 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1177/02537176241247669
Athira N. D., Vanitha S. Rao, Nirupama Srikanth, Ashok M. V.
{"title":"Motor Skill Intervention in Autism: A Neglected Component","authors":"Athira N. D., Vanitha S. Rao, Nirupama Srikanth, Ashok M. V.","doi":"10.1177/02537176241247669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241247669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"7 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1177/02537176241234773
A. Srividya, Yamini B.K., P. T. Sivakumar
The P300 is a positive auditory event-related potential appearing around 300 msec post-oddball stimulus onset. Tone and monosyllabic stimuli have been widely used in P300 research, providing valuable insights into auditory perception, phoneme discrimination, language processing, and other cognitive processes. Bi-syllabic minimal pairs may be more challenging for some individuals because they require processing and discrimination of more complex phonemic structures. The aim of the study was to elicit and analyze the auditory event-related potentials for bi-syllabic word stimuli in the Kannada language among individuals with dementia. The prospective study was conducted at the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology. Ten native Kannada language speakers (five male; and five female) diagnosed with dementia, aged 55–70 years, were the participants. The naturally produced and recorded CVCV (Consonant vowel consonant vowel) tokens (/ko:ti/ and /ko:thi/ pair; /a: me/ and /a:ne pair) in Kannada were used in the auditory oddball paradigm. The waveforms with positive peak for word (PPW) with clear morphology were used to obtain the latency and amplitude. Mean and Standard deviation (SD) value for the latency of the PPW was 545 ± 38 msec and the amplitude value of PPW was 2.5 ± 1.5 µV. The present study showed that when lengthier speech stimulus duration was used, the latency value of auditory event-related potential was higher. The study also showed that PPW is a reliable peak that could be used in the clinical population.
{"title":"Auditory Event-related Potentials for Word Stimuli in Kannada Language Among Native Kannada Speakers with Dementia","authors":"A. Srividya, Yamini B.K., P. T. Sivakumar","doi":"10.1177/02537176241234773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241234773","url":null,"abstract":"The P300 is a positive auditory event-related potential appearing around 300 msec post-oddball stimulus onset. Tone and monosyllabic stimuli have been widely used in P300 research, providing valuable insights into auditory perception, phoneme discrimination, language processing, and other cognitive processes. Bi-syllabic minimal pairs may be more challenging for some individuals because they require processing and discrimination of more complex phonemic structures. The aim of the study was to elicit and analyze the auditory event-related potentials for bi-syllabic word stimuli in the Kannada language among individuals with dementia. The prospective study was conducted at the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology. Ten native Kannada language speakers (five male; and five female) diagnosed with dementia, aged 55–70 years, were the participants. The naturally produced and recorded CVCV (Consonant vowel consonant vowel) tokens (/ko:ti/ and /ko:thi/ pair; /a: me/ and /a:ne pair) in Kannada were used in the auditory oddball paradigm. The waveforms with positive peak for word (PPW) with clear morphology were used to obtain the latency and amplitude. Mean and Standard deviation (SD) value for the latency of the PPW was 545 ± 38 msec and the amplitude value of PPW was 2.5 ± 1.5 µV. The present study showed that when lengthier speech stimulus duration was used, the latency value of auditory event-related potential was higher. The study also showed that PPW is a reliable peak that could be used in the clinical population.","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/02537176241228036
B. S. C. Reddy, Shivanee Kumari, N. Manjunatha, C. Kumar, S. Math
{"title":"Assessment of Person with Mental Illness for Legal Guardian Appointment in India: A Case Report and a Viewpoint","authors":"B. S. C. Reddy, Shivanee Kumari, N. Manjunatha, C. Kumar, S. Math","doi":"10.1177/02537176241228036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241228036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/02537176241227742
Eesha Sharma, Poornima Khadanga, Sherina Moktan, K. Vijaysagar, S. Arumugham, Preeti Sinha, J. Thirthalli
{"title":"Recommendations for Electro-convulsive Therapy in Minors: Aligning with the Mental Health Care Act 2017","authors":"Eesha Sharma, Poornima Khadanga, Sherina Moktan, K. Vijaysagar, S. Arumugham, Preeti Sinha, J. Thirthalli","doi":"10.1177/02537176241227742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241227742","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"33 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/02537176241229515
Surabhi Sharma, Ravi Yadav, Dinesh Kataria
{"title":"Myoclonus Associated with Mirtazapine","authors":"Surabhi Sharma, Ravi Yadav, Dinesh Kataria","doi":"10.1177/02537176241229515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241229515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/02537176241228415
Y. Balhara, Siddharth Sarkar, Akanksha Jayant Rajguru
People who use psychoactive substances that are illicit have increased chances of coming into contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems for different reasons. The problem statement in terms of the need for healthcare services for such people is yet to be defined and quantified in India. We used the data collected by the National Crimes Record Bureau for the years 1986 to 2021. We assessed the profile of offences registered under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS), 1985 over the successive years in India. We also made comparisons between the offences for possession for personal use/consumption and for trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances at the national level and at the level of states and union territories in the country. The percentage of these arrests, charge sheets and convictions as part of total Special and Local Laws (SLL) has increased over the years, showing a positive monotonic trend. A large percentage of those arrested were males. A higher percentage of females were arrested and charge-sheeted for trafficking than for personal use or consumption. The percentage of total persons arrested, charge-sheeted and convicted for possession of drugs for personal use/consumption was greater than that of those arrested for possession of drugs for trafficking for all years from 2017 to 2021. There were significant associations between gender and the types of offense. The highest rates of offences were reported from some north-western states, north-eastern states and Kerala. The findings help us make a strong argument in favour of strengthening the health sector response for people who use psychoactive substances and are in contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems in the country.
{"title":"Drug-related Offences in India: Observations and Insights from the Secondary Analysis of the Data from the National Crimes Record Bureau","authors":"Y. Balhara, Siddharth Sarkar, Akanksha Jayant Rajguru","doi":"10.1177/02537176241228415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241228415","url":null,"abstract":"People who use psychoactive substances that are illicit have increased chances of coming into contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems for different reasons. The problem statement in terms of the need for healthcare services for such people is yet to be defined and quantified in India. We used the data collected by the National Crimes Record Bureau for the years 1986 to 2021. We assessed the profile of offences registered under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS), 1985 over the successive years in India. We also made comparisons between the offences for possession for personal use/consumption and for trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances at the national level and at the level of states and union territories in the country. The percentage of these arrests, charge sheets and convictions as part of total Special and Local Laws (SLL) has increased over the years, showing a positive monotonic trend. A large percentage of those arrested were males. A higher percentage of females were arrested and charge-sheeted for trafficking than for personal use or consumption. The percentage of total persons arrested, charge-sheeted and convicted for possession of drugs for personal use/consumption was greater than that of those arrested for possession of drugs for trafficking for all years from 2017 to 2021. There were significant associations between gender and the types of offense. The highest rates of offences were reported from some north-western states, north-eastern states and Kerala. The findings help us make a strong argument in favour of strengthening the health sector response for people who use psychoactive substances and are in contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems in the country.","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/02537176241228415
Y. Balhara, Siddharth Sarkar, Akanksha Jayant Rajguru
People who use psychoactive substances that are illicit have increased chances of coming into contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems for different reasons. The problem statement in terms of the need for healthcare services for such people is yet to be defined and quantified in India. We used the data collected by the National Crimes Record Bureau for the years 1986 to 2021. We assessed the profile of offences registered under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS), 1985 over the successive years in India. We also made comparisons between the offences for possession for personal use/consumption and for trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances at the national level and at the level of states and union territories in the country. The percentage of these arrests, charge sheets and convictions as part of total Special and Local Laws (SLL) has increased over the years, showing a positive monotonic trend. A large percentage of those arrested were males. A higher percentage of females were arrested and charge-sheeted for trafficking than for personal use or consumption. The percentage of total persons arrested, charge-sheeted and convicted for possession of drugs for personal use/consumption was greater than that of those arrested for possession of drugs for trafficking for all years from 2017 to 2021. There were significant associations between gender and the types of offense. The highest rates of offences were reported from some north-western states, north-eastern states and Kerala. The findings help us make a strong argument in favour of strengthening the health sector response for people who use psychoactive substances and are in contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems in the country.
{"title":"Drug-related Offences in India: Observations and Insights from the Secondary Analysis of the Data from the National Crimes Record Bureau","authors":"Y. Balhara, Siddharth Sarkar, Akanksha Jayant Rajguru","doi":"10.1177/02537176241228415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241228415","url":null,"abstract":"People who use psychoactive substances that are illicit have increased chances of coming into contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems for different reasons. The problem statement in terms of the need for healthcare services for such people is yet to be defined and quantified in India. We used the data collected by the National Crimes Record Bureau for the years 1986 to 2021. We assessed the profile of offences registered under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS), 1985 over the successive years in India. We also made comparisons between the offences for possession for personal use/consumption and for trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances at the national level and at the level of states and union territories in the country. The percentage of these arrests, charge sheets and convictions as part of total Special and Local Laws (SLL) has increased over the years, showing a positive monotonic trend. A large percentage of those arrested were males. A higher percentage of females were arrested and charge-sheeted for trafficking than for personal use or consumption. The percentage of total persons arrested, charge-sheeted and convicted for possession of drugs for personal use/consumption was greater than that of those arrested for possession of drugs for trafficking for all years from 2017 to 2021. There were significant associations between gender and the types of offense. The highest rates of offences were reported from some north-western states, north-eastern states and Kerala. The findings help us make a strong argument in favour of strengthening the health sector response for people who use psychoactive substances and are in contact with the law enforcement and criminal justice systems in the country.","PeriodicalId":507849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"62 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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