Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.1177/17479541231220288
Charles Dudley, Rich D Johnston, Ben Jones, Trent Hacking, Robert McCafferty, J. Weakley
This study aimed to quantify the variability of physical, technical, and subjective task-load demands in small-sided games (SSGs), and the effect of manipulating of pitch size and player numbers in SSG in adolescent rugby union (RU) players. Twenty-six subjects completed six conditions in a crossover study design. In each condition subjects played 4 × 3-min periods of an SSG. Games were completed with either 4 × 4, 6 × 6 or 12 × 12 players on either a small (W: 25 m, L: 30 m), medium (W: 30 m, L: 40 m), or large (W: 35 m, L: 50 m) sized pitch. Match demands were assessed using global navigation satellite systems, heart rate (HR) monitors, ratings of perceived exertion, National Aeronautical Space Association task-load index and video analysis. Statistical analysis comprised of typical error, coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlations to assess variability, and the use of linear mixed effects modelling to assess differences between conditions. A range of variability was observed in technical (CV = 25.00% to 52.38%), physical (CV = 4.12% to 51.18%) and subjective task-loads (CV = 7.65% to 17.14%) between identical games. Reducing player numbers increased physical demands such as m/min (ES range = 0.45 to 1.45), technical exposures such as total involvements (ES range = 0.04 to 0.63) and effort, physical and temporal task-loads. Increasing pitch size caused greater movement demands such as m/min (ES range = 0.11 to 0.79), but did not change the technical demands.
{"title":"An investigation into the variability of rugby union small-sided game demands and the effect of pitch size and player number manipulation","authors":"Charles Dudley, Rich D Johnston, Ben Jones, Trent Hacking, Robert McCafferty, J. Weakley","doi":"10.1177/17479541231220288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231220288","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to quantify the variability of physical, technical, and subjective task-load demands in small-sided games (SSGs), and the effect of manipulating of pitch size and player numbers in SSG in adolescent rugby union (RU) players. Twenty-six subjects completed six conditions in a crossover study design. In each condition subjects played 4 × 3-min periods of an SSG. Games were completed with either 4 × 4, 6 × 6 or 12 × 12 players on either a small (W: 25 m, L: 30 m), medium (W: 30 m, L: 40 m), or large (W: 35 m, L: 50 m) sized pitch. Match demands were assessed using global navigation satellite systems, heart rate (HR) monitors, ratings of perceived exertion, National Aeronautical Space Association task-load index and video analysis. Statistical analysis comprised of typical error, coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlations to assess variability, and the use of linear mixed effects modelling to assess differences between conditions. A range of variability was observed in technical (CV = 25.00% to 52.38%), physical (CV = 4.12% to 51.18%) and subjective task-loads (CV = 7.65% to 17.14%) between identical games. Reducing player numbers increased physical demands such as m/min (ES range = 0.45 to 1.45), technical exposures such as total involvements (ES range = 0.04 to 0.63) and effort, physical and temporal task-loads. Increasing pitch size caused greater movement demands such as m/min (ES range = 0.11 to 0.79), but did not change the technical demands.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1177/17479541231216411
Y. Lee, Wonsang Shin, Heetae Cho
This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the intention of people with disabilities to participate in e-sports and actual participation. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used as a theoretical framework to guide this study. Involving 243 participants with a mean age of 42.56 years (SD = 18.14), this study encompasses a range of disabilities, predominantly physical (47.0%), representing diverse educational backgrounds with 20.1% having at least a college education. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. We found that both attitudes toward e-sports and perceived behavioral control to engage in e-sports were positively associated with e-sports participation intention. Intention, in turn, was positively associated with actual e-sports participation. Furthermore, e-sports participation intention mediated the relationship between attitude toward e-sports and perceived behavioral control. This study has the potential to contribute to the academic discourse by identifying factors that may influence the intention of people with disabilities to engage in e-sports, employing the TPB. The results can help researchers and practitioners understand how to design effective interventions to promote e-sports participation among people with disabilities.
{"title":"Factors influencing the intentions of people with disabilities to participate in e-sports: An application of the theory of planned behavior","authors":"Y. Lee, Wonsang Shin, Heetae Cho","doi":"10.1177/17479541231216411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231216411","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the intention of people with disabilities to participate in e-sports and actual participation. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used as a theoretical framework to guide this study. Involving 243 participants with a mean age of 42.56 years (SD = 18.14), this study encompasses a range of disabilities, predominantly physical (47.0%), representing diverse educational backgrounds with 20.1% having at least a college education. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. We found that both attitudes toward e-sports and perceived behavioral control to engage in e-sports were positively associated with e-sports participation intention. Intention, in turn, was positively associated with actual e-sports participation. Furthermore, e-sports participation intention mediated the relationship between attitude toward e-sports and perceived behavioral control. This study has the potential to contribute to the academic discourse by identifying factors that may influence the intention of people with disabilities to engage in e-sports, employing the TPB. The results can help researchers and practitioners understand how to design effective interventions to promote e-sports participation among people with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/17479541231216268
Eneko Sanchez Mencia, Josep Campos-Rius, Xabier González Santamaría, Erika Borrajo Mena
The present work consists of a systematic review of studies related to tactical skills in tennis. Through the PRISMA methodology, studies related to the subject are identified, categorised and analysed using four of the most important databases: Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO SPORTDiscus and APA PsychInfo. For the present review, 34 studies published on the subject between the years 2000 and 2022 are used to demonstrate the authorship and participating subjects, as well as the skill level, methodology used, tactical aspects analysed and the results/conclusions most relevant to each of the investigations. The results are deductively divided into eight detected variables: anticipation, game knowledge, strategy, problem representation, situational awareness, execution, player skill level and identity. Finally, possible future lines are presented for a better understanding of tactical skills.
本研究对有关网球战术技能的研究进行了系统回顾。通过 PRISMA 方法，使用四个最重要的数据库对与该主题相关的研究进行了识别、分类和分析：Web of Science、Scopus、EBSCO SPORTDiscus 和 APA PsychInfo。在本综述中，使用了 2000 年至 2022 年间发表的 34 篇相关研究，以展示作者和参与对象，以及技术水平、使用的方法、分析的战术方面和与每项调查最相关的结果/结论。研究结果被演绎分为八个检测变量：预测、比赛知识、策略、问题表征、态势感知、执行力、球员技能水平和身份。最后，为更好地理解战术技能，提出了未来可能的研究方向。
{"title":"Tactical skills in tennis: A systematic review","authors":"Eneko Sanchez Mencia, Josep Campos-Rius, Xabier González Santamaría, Erika Borrajo Mena","doi":"10.1177/17479541231216268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231216268","url":null,"abstract":"The present work consists of a systematic review of studies related to tactical skills in tennis. Through the PRISMA methodology, studies related to the subject are identified, categorised and analysed using four of the most important databases: Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO SPORTDiscus and APA PsychInfo. For the present review, 34 studies published on the subject between the years 2000 and 2022 are used to demonstrate the authorship and participating subjects, as well as the skill level, methodology used, tactical aspects analysed and the results/conclusions most relevant to each of the investigations. The results are deductively divided into eight detected variables: anticipation, game knowledge, strategy, problem representation, situational awareness, execution, player skill level and identity. Finally, possible future lines are presented for a better understanding of tactical skills.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/17479541231216815
Filippo Bertozzi, Dino Tenderini, F. Camuncoli, Manuela Galli, Marco Tarabini
Alpine skiing performance depends on several qualities, including lower limb strength, power production and flexibility. However, how these physical skills, as well as their relationship, differ between sexes and evolve in growing skiing athletes is still unclear. We analysed sit-and-reach (SR) and three jump test (height and peak power) scores of over 200 alpine ski racers collected across 15 sports seasons. We stratified data among sex and age categories to assess differences and to interpret the relationships between flexibility and jump performance. The mixed models showed a significant age category and sex effect ( p < 0.001) for all the flexibility and jump performance scores, with males having higher jump scores but lower SR scores than females, and all performance scores increasing significantly through the age categories. The regressions between SR and the jump scores performed on the whole database were positively significant for the three jump variations ( p < 0.001, R2 ranging from 8.9% to 15.9%), while when the relationship was reanalysed independently in each age–sex group, only some were significant. Both age and sex influenced the performance in the investigated lower limb power and flexibility qualities, along with their relationship. The presented results suggest that lower limb power and flexibility should be longitudinally assessed, as well as their relationship, for training and testing purposes, considering the sex and growth-related modifications.
{"title":"On the relationship between flexibility and jump performance across age and sex: A 15-season retrospective longitudinal study on 229 alpine ski racers","authors":"Filippo Bertozzi, Dino Tenderini, F. Camuncoli, Manuela Galli, Marco Tarabini","doi":"10.1177/17479541231216815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231216815","url":null,"abstract":"Alpine skiing performance depends on several qualities, including lower limb strength, power production and flexibility. However, how these physical skills, as well as their relationship, differ between sexes and evolve in growing skiing athletes is still unclear. We analysed sit-and-reach (SR) and three jump test (height and peak power) scores of over 200 alpine ski racers collected across 15 sports seasons. We stratified data among sex and age categories to assess differences and to interpret the relationships between flexibility and jump performance. The mixed models showed a significant age category and sex effect ( p < 0.001) for all the flexibility and jump performance scores, with males having higher jump scores but lower SR scores than females, and all performance scores increasing significantly through the age categories. The regressions between SR and the jump scores performed on the whole database were positively significant for the three jump variations ( p < 0.001, R2 ranging from 8.9% to 15.9%), while when the relationship was reanalysed independently in each age–sex group, only some were significant. Both age and sex influenced the performance in the investigated lower limb power and flexibility qualities, along with their relationship. The presented results suggest that lower limb power and flexibility should be longitudinally assessed, as well as their relationship, for training and testing purposes, considering the sex and growth-related modifications.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/17479541231216873
Dom Edwards, P. Brannagan
This study investigated the perceptions of players and football club staff regarding de-selection from the youth international football environment. Prior research into youth football de-selection focuses on players’ experiences of being released from their club environment; however, research is yet to understand the effect of de-selection from international football. The authors completed semi-structured interviews with 11 current youth international footballers and nine members of leadership staff from English Premier League youth academies, including academy directors, technical directors and heads of coaching. It was found that players had a strong identity as an international footballer and that once de-selected, it could be difficult to adapt to a change in status within their group at the club. The club staff also suggested that clubs do little to support the player once de-selected as although they perceive the player as being part of their development programme, they viewed international football as an area that was not their responsibility. Practical applications are discussed, including the need for clear justifications of de-selection and ‘after-care’ solutions.
{"title":"Dealing with de-selection from youth international football: A case study of English Premier League academies","authors":"Dom Edwards, P. Brannagan","doi":"10.1177/17479541231216873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231216873","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the perceptions of players and football club staff regarding de-selection from the youth international football environment. Prior research into youth football de-selection focuses on players’ experiences of being released from their club environment; however, research is yet to understand the effect of de-selection from international football. The authors completed semi-structured interviews with 11 current youth international footballers and nine members of leadership staff from English Premier League youth academies, including academy directors, technical directors and heads of coaching. It was found that players had a strong identity as an international footballer and that once de-selected, it could be difficult to adapt to a change in status within their group at the club. The club staff also suggested that clubs do little to support the player once de-selected as although they perceive the player as being part of their development programme, they viewed international football as an area that was not their responsibility. Practical applications are discussed, including the need for clear justifications of de-selection and ‘after-care’ solutions.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/17479541231213540
Kevin Tissera, Dominic Orth, Minh Huynh, A. Benson
Coaches utilise augmented feedback to help channel learning and skill acquisition in sports. However, the rationale and pedagogical approaches underpinning feedback (and technology) strategies employed by coaches remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore cricket coaches understanding towards the role of feedback, and how feedback (and technology) strategies are enacted within practice settings, viewed within pedagogical frameworks. An online questionnaire (Qualtrics) consisted of fixed-text and free-text questions. Fixed-text responses were analysed exploring associations (frequencies, chi-square) or differences (Mann-Whitney U) between coaching groups, with free-text questions examined through reflexive thematic analysis, exploring approaches to presenting athletes with feedback (and technology use). Overall, 134 coaches (94% male, 6% female) aged 18–69 years from 12 countries responded to the questionnaire. Following silhouette and k-modes cluster analysis, results were explored for two coaching groups: community cricket coaches ( n = 84, 63%) and higher-performance coaches ( n = 50, 37%). Significant differences showed greater coaching experience, qualifications, and time spent coaching per week for the higher-performance coaching group ( p < 0.0125), in addition to higher self-efficacy around feedback, albeit with a small effect size ( p < 0.001, r = 0.29). Community coaches showed a significant difference in manipulating feedback strategies on motivational factors ( p < 0.0125). Reflexive thematic analysis identified different rationales for the perceived role of feedback and use of technology across coaching groups, underpinned by contrasting pedagogical approaches (coach-centred versus athlete-centred). Responses highlighted the co-adaptive properties of coach-athlete dyads (evident in how/why feedback was manipulated). Overall findings present opportunities to further coach education to improve understanding and operationalisation of feedback (and technology).
{"title":"A coach's perspective on augmented feedback (and technology) in cricket","authors":"Kevin Tissera, Dominic Orth, Minh Huynh, A. Benson","doi":"10.1177/17479541231213540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231213540","url":null,"abstract":"Coaches utilise augmented feedback to help channel learning and skill acquisition in sports. However, the rationale and pedagogical approaches underpinning feedback (and technology) strategies employed by coaches remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore cricket coaches understanding towards the role of feedback, and how feedback (and technology) strategies are enacted within practice settings, viewed within pedagogical frameworks. An online questionnaire (Qualtrics) consisted of fixed-text and free-text questions. Fixed-text responses were analysed exploring associations (frequencies, chi-square) or differences (Mann-Whitney U) between coaching groups, with free-text questions examined through reflexive thematic analysis, exploring approaches to presenting athletes with feedback (and technology use). Overall, 134 coaches (94% male, 6% female) aged 18–69 years from 12 countries responded to the questionnaire. Following silhouette and k-modes cluster analysis, results were explored for two coaching groups: community cricket coaches ( n = 84, 63%) and higher-performance coaches ( n = 50, 37%). Significant differences showed greater coaching experience, qualifications, and time spent coaching per week for the higher-performance coaching group ( p < 0.0125), in addition to higher self-efficacy around feedback, albeit with a small effect size ( p < 0.001, r = 0.29). Community coaches showed a significant difference in manipulating feedback strategies on motivational factors ( p < 0.0125). Reflexive thematic analysis identified different rationales for the perceived role of feedback and use of technology across coaching groups, underpinned by contrasting pedagogical approaches (coach-centred versus athlete-centred). Responses highlighted the co-adaptive properties of coach-athlete dyads (evident in how/why feedback was manipulated). Overall findings present opportunities to further coach education to improve understanding and operationalisation of feedback (and technology).","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1177/17479541231215896
Rhys Tribolet, William B. Sheehan, A. Novak, M. Watsford, J. Fransen
An evaluation of player behaviour and performance across different playing conditions in team sport is difficult. This study examined integrative (indegree and outdegree importance) and individual (goals, kicks, handballs, marks, tackles, kick and handball proficiency) level behaviours at one professional Australian Football club across three different conditions: small-sided games (SSGs), match simulation and competitive Australian Football League (AFL) matches. Estimated marginal means identified negligible changes for integrative measures across conditions. This may suggest larger changes to control parameters are required to modify these behaviours, as it relies on interdependent cooperative behaviour. Individual level behaviours demonstrated varied responses across changing conditions. AFL matches revealed the lowest kicks and marks per minute compared to the other conditions, whilst having the highest rate of tackles. Players had lower kick proficiency in conditions with a higher number of players. Moreover, one SSG with a floater (player who participates in attack for both teams) elicited a higher number of handballs per minute relative to every other condition. These findings provide implications for measuring the (in)stability of individual and integrative level behaviours and how changes to constraints may alter these metrics. This method may provide a foundation for future hypotheses testing and for player monitoring that can assist practitioners to examine the changes in players behaviours in response to changing constraints.
{"title":"An observational study of player behaviours under varying task constraints in professional Australian football players","authors":"Rhys Tribolet, William B. Sheehan, A. Novak, M. Watsford, J. Fransen","doi":"10.1177/17479541231215896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231215896","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation of player behaviour and performance across different playing conditions in team sport is difficult. This study examined integrative (indegree and outdegree importance) and individual (goals, kicks, handballs, marks, tackles, kick and handball proficiency) level behaviours at one professional Australian Football club across three different conditions: small-sided games (SSGs), match simulation and competitive Australian Football League (AFL) matches. Estimated marginal means identified negligible changes for integrative measures across conditions. This may suggest larger changes to control parameters are required to modify these behaviours, as it relies on interdependent cooperative behaviour. Individual level behaviours demonstrated varied responses across changing conditions. AFL matches revealed the lowest kicks and marks per minute compared to the other conditions, whilst having the highest rate of tackles. Players had lower kick proficiency in conditions with a higher number of players. Moreover, one SSG with a floater (player who participates in attack for both teams) elicited a higher number of handballs per minute relative to every other condition. These findings provide implications for measuring the (in)stability of individual and integrative level behaviours and how changes to constraints may alter these metrics. This method may provide a foundation for future hypotheses testing and for player monitoring that can assist practitioners to examine the changes in players behaviours in response to changing constraints.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1177/17479541231207184
Andres Roger Arnau Notari, JM Calabuig, Cesar Catalan, LM Garcia Raffi, JM Pardo Gila, Roberto Pons Anaya, EA Sánchez Pérez
The objective of this study is to build a mathematical model that predicts the success of a goal kick in soccer. The model is based on an ensemble of neural networks whose inputs are five features extracted directly from the goal kick and one more that depends on the opposing team. This new variable is calculated using a hierarchical cluster analysis and divides the possible opponents by their defensive strategy. It is shown that it has a relevant importance in the result of a goal kick, which validates the idea of using the presented methodology that takes into account the opponent’s tactics when analyzing specific plays of a soccer match.
{"title":"Using neural networks and hierarchical cluster analysis to study goal kicks in football","authors":"Andres Roger Arnau Notari, JM Calabuig, Cesar Catalan, LM Garcia Raffi, JM Pardo Gila, Roberto Pons Anaya, EA Sánchez Pérez","doi":"10.1177/17479541231207184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231207184","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to build a mathematical model that predicts the success of a goal kick in soccer. The model is based on an ensemble of neural networks whose inputs are five features extracted directly from the goal kick and one more that depends on the opposing team. This new variable is calculated using a hierarchical cluster analysis and divides the possible opponents by their defensive strategy. It is shown that it has a relevant importance in the result of a goal kick, which validates the idea of using the presented methodology that takes into account the opponent’s tactics when analyzing specific plays of a soccer match.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1177/17479541231210093
F. González-Férnandez, F. Clemente, Lorena Rodríguez-García, A. Castillo-Rodríguez
The aim of our study was to examine the effect of 16 weeks of strength training on anthropometric characteristics and jump height in semi-professional male players after a pre-season period. A parallel two-group, longitudinal (pre, post) design was used with physical tests performed before (preintervention) and after (postintervention) the 16-week intervention period. The soccer players were assigned and matched into two groups, an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), based on the team of which they were a part. A two-way ANOVA was performed with group and time as factors. The results of a two-way ANOVA revealed no time×group interaction for body composition or jump height. Nevertheless, a paired measures t-test of weight, fat mass, lean mass, and countermovement jump (CMJ) test metrics (pre-post) and group (CG and EG) showed an improvement in all measures ( p < 0.01). The 16-week intervention program resulted in an improvement in the EG both at the level of body composition and in CMJ performance. Despite the benefits of the 16-week intervention program, a combination of training methods that includes power, agility-coordination, speed, and strength can enhance such improvements. It is important to take this strength-specific capacity into account in training, due to the importance outlined in the sport of soccer both for its transfer to both linear and COD sprints and specific strength skills and mainly to vertical jump.
{"title":"Effects of 16-weeks of strength training on jump height and anthropometric variables in U19 semi-professional male soccer players","authors":"F. González-Férnandez, F. Clemente, Lorena Rodríguez-García, A. Castillo-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1177/17479541231210093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231210093","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to examine the effect of 16 weeks of strength training on anthropometric characteristics and jump height in semi-professional male players after a pre-season period. A parallel two-group, longitudinal (pre, post) design was used with physical tests performed before (preintervention) and after (postintervention) the 16-week intervention period. The soccer players were assigned and matched into two groups, an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), based on the team of which they were a part. A two-way ANOVA was performed with group and time as factors. The results of a two-way ANOVA revealed no time×group interaction for body composition or jump height. Nevertheless, a paired measures t-test of weight, fat mass, lean mass, and countermovement jump (CMJ) test metrics (pre-post) and group (CG and EG) showed an improvement in all measures ( p < 0.01). The 16-week intervention program resulted in an improvement in the EG both at the level of body composition and in CMJ performance. Despite the benefits of the 16-week intervention program, a combination of training methods that includes power, agility-coordination, speed, and strength can enhance such improvements. It is important to take this strength-specific capacity into account in training, due to the importance outlined in the sport of soccer both for its transfer to both linear and COD sprints and specific strength skills and mainly to vertical jump.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1177/17479541231213307
P. Furley, Fanny Thrien
Non-verbal expressions from other people play an important role in everyday life. We tested the psychological and physiological effects of different non-verbal facial expressions given by a coach to athletes in a performance context. In a study with 60 athletes, we tested how dominance versus reward smiles shown by a coach after various performances affected athletes’ subjective affective state, stress levels, and their own facial expressions. Results showed that athletes who perceived dominant smiles after their performances had higher heart-rates than those who received rewarding smiles. Athletes receiving dominant smiles also reported feeling less happy after their performances than athletes receiving rewarding smiles. No effects were evident on subjective stress levels and facial expressions of emotion measured by Noldus FaceReader. The present results are the first to show that subtle differences in facial expressions of coaches can affect an athlete's heart rate and affective state in an evaluative performance context. The results join research on the interpersonal effects of non-verbal behaviour between athletes and their coaches. They provide evidence that the facial expressions of coaches have communicative content that is perceived by the athletes and influences them on different levels.
{"title":"A smile can go a long way: The effects of dominant and rewarding smiles of coaches on athletes in an evaluative performance context","authors":"P. Furley, Fanny Thrien","doi":"10.1177/17479541231213307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231213307","url":null,"abstract":"Non-verbal expressions from other people play an important role in everyday life. We tested the psychological and physiological effects of different non-verbal facial expressions given by a coach to athletes in a performance context. In a study with 60 athletes, we tested how dominance versus reward smiles shown by a coach after various performances affected athletes’ subjective affective state, stress levels, and their own facial expressions. Results showed that athletes who perceived dominant smiles after their performances had higher heart-rates than those who received rewarding smiles. Athletes receiving dominant smiles also reported feeling less happy after their performances than athletes receiving rewarding smiles. No effects were evident on subjective stress levels and facial expressions of emotion measured by Noldus FaceReader. The present results are the first to show that subtle differences in facial expressions of coaches can affect an athlete's heart rate and affective state in an evaluative performance context. The results join research on the interpersonal effects of non-verbal behaviour between athletes and their coaches. They provide evidence that the facial expressions of coaches have communicative content that is perceived by the athletes and influences them on different levels.","PeriodicalId":507869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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