J. Marchewka, M. Solka, Patryk Sztandarski, Aneta Jaszczyk, Ż. Zdanowska-Sąsiadek, G. Mastalerczuk, B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz, D. Komorowska, J. Horbańczuk
Abstract The free-range system improves chicken’s welfare and enriches their diet. There is little information about influence of chickens on the sward quality. The aim of the study was to identify differences in the chemical and botanical composition of the pasture sward used by chickens and to assess if frequency of chicken exits outdoors is associated with the botanical composition of the ranging areas. One hundred twenty non-beak trimmed mixed sex birds of Green-legged Partridge (GP) and Sasso line C44 (S) were used. Each pen had direct access to an individual outdoor range providing 10.5 m2 per chicken, video-recorded continuously. Vegetation coverage regarding botanical composition was determined based on botanical-weight analysis from three control plots, while range use was calculated from the video material. The data were analysed by ANOVA model in SAS software (v 9.4). Regarding chemical composition, fiber content was higher in dry matter from the control pastures. Significantly more Dactylis glomerata (L.) and Alopecurus pratensis (L.) were observed on ranges used by Sasso. The higher share (%) of weeds and grasses was at the ranges used by chickens (weeds: S:8.66 (1.42) and GP:7.61 (0.59) and grasses: S:10.36 (0.96) and GP:12.10 (0.65)) as compared to control plots (1.45 (1.34)) and 3.86 (2.97), respectively) in contrast to legumes ((S:0.01 (0.01) and GP:0.32(0.26)) and sedges (S:0.64 (0.48) and GP: 0.09 (0.06)) most present in the control plots (10.88 (1.55)). Positive association between range use frequency and proportion of Heracleum sphondylium (L.), Rumex acetosa (L.), Festuca rubra (L.), and Lolium perenne (L.) was observed for Sasso, while foe Green-legged Partridges with proportion of Armoracia rusticana (L.), Stellaria media (L.), Ranunculus repens (L.), Cirsium arvense (L.) and Rumex crispus (L.). Concluding, the sward quality of the ranging areas was affected by the presence of the chickens and it differed between genotypes. Unknown remain if birds used the pasture more frequently depending on its botanical composition or if the pasture composition depended on the frequency of its uses by the birds.
{"title":"Free range characteristics and use by chickens from two genetic lines","authors":"J. Marchewka, M. Solka, Patryk Sztandarski, Aneta Jaszczyk, Ż. Zdanowska-Sąsiadek, G. Mastalerczuk, B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz, D. Komorowska, J. Horbańczuk","doi":"10.2478/aspr-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aspr-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The free-range system improves chicken’s welfare and enriches their diet. There is little information about influence of chickens on the sward quality. The aim of the study was to identify differences in the chemical and botanical composition of the pasture sward used by chickens and to assess if frequency of chicken exits outdoors is associated with the botanical composition of the ranging areas. One hundred twenty non-beak trimmed mixed sex birds of Green-legged Partridge (GP) and Sasso line C44 (S) were used. Each pen had direct access to an individual outdoor range providing 10.5 m2 per chicken, video-recorded continuously. Vegetation coverage regarding botanical composition was determined based on botanical-weight analysis from three control plots, while range use was calculated from the video material. The data were analysed by ANOVA model in SAS software (v 9.4). Regarding chemical composition, fiber content was higher in dry matter from the control pastures. Significantly more Dactylis glomerata (L.) and Alopecurus pratensis (L.) were observed on ranges used by Sasso. The higher share (%) of weeds and grasses was at the ranges used by chickens (weeds: S:8.66 (1.42) and GP:7.61 (0.59) and grasses: S:10.36 (0.96) and GP:12.10 (0.65)) as compared to control plots (1.45 (1.34)) and 3.86 (2.97), respectively) in contrast to legumes ((S:0.01 (0.01) and GP:0.32(0.26)) and sedges (S:0.64 (0.48) and GP: 0.09 (0.06)) most present in the control plots (10.88 (1.55)). Positive association between range use frequency and proportion of Heracleum sphondylium (L.), Rumex acetosa (L.), Festuca rubra (L.), and Lolium perenne (L.) was observed for Sasso, while foe Green-legged Partridges with proportion of Armoracia rusticana (L.), Stellaria media (L.), Ranunculus repens (L.), Cirsium arvense (L.) and Rumex crispus (L.). Concluding, the sward quality of the ranging areas was affected by the presence of the chickens and it differed between genotypes. Unknown remain if birds used the pasture more frequently depending on its botanical composition or if the pasture composition depended on the frequency of its uses by the birds.","PeriodicalId":50791,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Papers and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nowaczewski, Sebastian Janiszewski, S. Kaczmarek, Natalia Kaczor, P. Racewicz, Ł. Jarosz, A. Ciszewski, P. Ślósarz, M. Hejdysz
Abstract Currently, coccidiostats are the primary and standard method of combating coccidiosis in poultry farms. However, consumer organizations still point to the need to phase out all chemotherapeutic substances from animal nutrition to protect human health. The research material consisted of 720 cocks of the Cobb 500 hybrid, which were divided into three groups (C – coccidiostat/control, V – vaccine, and H – herbals). The following parameters were analyzed: body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, foot pad dermatitis (FPD), European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF), and the number of oocysts per 1g of feces (OPG). On day 42, the BW of the C group was higher compared with the V and H groups. The C group was also characterized by the best FCR and the highest EPEF. In the V group, oocysts were noted in feces from the 14th day of rearing, and the highest oocysts content was observed on the 21st day of life. In the C and H groups, the highest number of oocysts was recorded in the feces on the 28th day. The investigated alternative methods to coccidiostats showed good antiparasitic potential. Therefore, combining a couple of anticoccidiosis methods in preventive programs may be the best solution in broiler chickens production.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative methods for controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens: a field trial","authors":"S. Nowaczewski, Sebastian Janiszewski, S. Kaczmarek, Natalia Kaczor, P. Racewicz, Ł. Jarosz, A. Ciszewski, P. Ślósarz, M. Hejdysz","doi":"10.2478/aspr-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aspr-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Currently, coccidiostats are the primary and standard method of combating coccidiosis in poultry farms. However, consumer organizations still point to the need to phase out all chemotherapeutic substances from animal nutrition to protect human health. The research material consisted of 720 cocks of the Cobb 500 hybrid, which were divided into three groups (C – coccidiostat/control, V – vaccine, and H – herbals). The following parameters were analyzed: body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, foot pad dermatitis (FPD), European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF), and the number of oocysts per 1g of feces (OPG). On day 42, the BW of the C group was higher compared with the V and H groups. The C group was also characterized by the best FCR and the highest EPEF. In the V group, oocysts were noted in feces from the 14th day of rearing, and the highest oocysts content was observed on the 21st day of life. In the C and H groups, the highest number of oocysts was recorded in the feces on the 28th day. The investigated alternative methods to coccidiostats showed good antiparasitic potential. Therefore, combining a couple of anticoccidiosis methods in preventive programs may be the best solution in broiler chickens production.","PeriodicalId":50791,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Papers and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41999038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrycja Teodorowicz, M. Tokarska-Rodak, E. Michaluk, M. Zarębska, Dorota Plewik, T. Grudniewski, M. Sacharczuk
Abstract In a healthy physiological state, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity creates a suitable environment for the colonization of Candida spp. yeasts. The aim of the study was to analyze the nanomechanical properties of C. albicans cells derived from the oral cavity of healthy people in a biofilm produced in laboratory conditions. Candida spp. were sampled from the oral cavity of healthy individuals. The process of biofilm formation was analyzed using classic microscopic observation enriched with SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the nanomechanical properties of the cells were assessed with the use of the atomic force microscopy technique (AFM). From all isolated strains in the samples collected of the oral cavity healthy people was detected 79% C. albicans. Other isolated species belonged to the group „non-albicans”. The observations of C. albicans carried out in 24-h cultures revealed a tendency of the cells to form a biofilm structure with multilayer cell systems. The diameter of C. albicans cells in this structure was 5.75 µm, and the length of the pseudohyphae was 17.08 µm. The presence of an extracellular substance surrounding the C. albicans cells was detected. The mean value of the adhesion force determined for C. albicans cells was 4.01 nN. Areas with increased hardness (Force Modulation Mode signal; FMM signal) were found mainly in the zones of cells in contact with the glass substrate. The analysis of Candida cells in liquid samples gives satisfactory results, as it prevents unfavorable changes in the cell surface and thus provides more reliable results. The quality of the biofilm is probably related to the nanomechanical properties of C. albicans cells and may consequently contribute to the stability of the biofilm structures and their susceptibility or resistance to antifungal drugs. The presence of Candida spp. especially in companion animals (dogs, cats) poses a risk of their transmission to the human organism. For this reason, it is advisable to undertake additional research to analyze the ability of zoonotic-origin Candida spp. to form biofilms with comparison of the biofilm-formation capacity of species isolated from humans.
{"title":"Assessment of nanomechanical properties of Candida albicans as an element of the oral mycobiota in healthy subjects – a preliminary study","authors":"Patrycja Teodorowicz, M. Tokarska-Rodak, E. Michaluk, M. Zarębska, Dorota Plewik, T. Grudniewski, M. Sacharczuk","doi":"10.2478/aspr-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aspr-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a healthy physiological state, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity creates a suitable environment for the colonization of Candida spp. yeasts. The aim of the study was to analyze the nanomechanical properties of C. albicans cells derived from the oral cavity of healthy people in a biofilm produced in laboratory conditions. Candida spp. were sampled from the oral cavity of healthy individuals. The process of biofilm formation was analyzed using classic microscopic observation enriched with SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the nanomechanical properties of the cells were assessed with the use of the atomic force microscopy technique (AFM). From all isolated strains in the samples collected of the oral cavity healthy people was detected 79% C. albicans. Other isolated species belonged to the group „non-albicans”. The observations of C. albicans carried out in 24-h cultures revealed a tendency of the cells to form a biofilm structure with multilayer cell systems. The diameter of C. albicans cells in this structure was 5.75 µm, and the length of the pseudohyphae was 17.08 µm. The presence of an extracellular substance surrounding the C. albicans cells was detected. The mean value of the adhesion force determined for C. albicans cells was 4.01 nN. Areas with increased hardness (Force Modulation Mode signal; FMM signal) were found mainly in the zones of cells in contact with the glass substrate. The analysis of Candida cells in liquid samples gives satisfactory results, as it prevents unfavorable changes in the cell surface and thus provides more reliable results. The quality of the biofilm is probably related to the nanomechanical properties of C. albicans cells and may consequently contribute to the stability of the biofilm structures and their susceptibility or resistance to antifungal drugs. The presence of Candida spp. especially in companion animals (dogs, cats) poses a risk of their transmission to the human organism. For this reason, it is advisable to undertake additional research to analyze the ability of zoonotic-origin Candida spp. to form biofilms with comparison of the biofilm-formation capacity of species isolated from humans.","PeriodicalId":50791,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Papers and Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45713600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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