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Knowledge and practices of South African oral 南非口腔医学的知识和实践
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2632
Zara Chothia, N. Nkambule, A. Bhayat, M. Morule
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is a recently discovered virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). No study has been carried out on South African oral healthcare workers (OHCWs) regarding their knowledge and practices with regard to COVID-19 and its vaccine.Aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of South African OHCWs regarding COVID-19 and its vaccine.Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which utilised an online questionnaire. The link to the questionnaire was sent via email and social media platforms. There was a total of 8056 OHCWs, and a minimum sample size of 367 was required. All information was confidential and anonymous.Results: A total of 327 OHCWs participated with a mean age of 43 years (±12.23) and the majority (60%) being general dentists. Less than half (42%) had obtained additional postgraduate qualifications while 57% were employed in the private and 24% in the academic sectors. Almost two-thirds (60%) obtained a ‘good’ knowledge score. Overall, OHCWs displayed positive attitudes towards COVID-19 and the majority implemented appropriate infection control protocols at their place of work. The majority (87%) reported to be vaccinated and of those who did not vaccinate, 34% cited concerns about possible side effects as a reason for not vaccinating.Conclusion: Respondents displayed gaps in their knowledge. There was a positive attitude towards the prevention of COVID-19, and almost all participants reported to have implemented the necessary infection control methods.Contributions: This study’s contribution to research was to identify gaps in the knowledge and practices of OHCWs with regards to COVID 19 and its vaccine. Once these gaps have been identified, measures will be put in place to address them.
背景:严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 是最近发现的一种导致冠状病毒病 19(COVID-19)的病毒。目前还没有针对南非口腔医护人员(OHCWs)的研究,以了解他们对 COVID-19 及其疫苗的认识和实践:这是一项横断面研究,采用了在线问卷调查的方式。问卷链接通过电子邮件和社交媒体平台发送。共有 8056 名在职保健工作者参与了调查,最低样本量为 367 人。所有信息均保密且匿名:共有 327 名口腔保健工作者参与了调查,他们的平均年龄为 43 岁(±12.23),大多数(60%)是普通牙科医生。不到一半(42%)的人获得了研究生以上学历,57%的人受雇于私人机构,24%的人受雇于学术机构。将近三分之二(60%)的人获得了 "良好 "的知识评分。总体而言,在职保健工作者对 COVID-19 持积极态度,大多数人在工作场所实施了适当的感染控制规程。大多数受访者(87%)表示已接种疫苗,在未接种疫苗的受访者中,34%的人将担心可能出现的副作用作为未接种疫苗的原因:受访者在知识方面存在差距。受访者对预防 COVID-19 持积极态度,几乎所有受访者都表示已采取必要的感染控制方法:本研究的贡献在于确定了口腔保健工作者在有关 COVID-19 及其疫苗的知识和实践方面存在的差距。一旦确定了这些差距,将采取措施加以解决。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies that enabled access to chronic care during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond in South Africa 在 COVID-19 大流行期间及之后,使南非能够获得慢性病护理的战略
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2412
S. Mboweni
Background: The COVID-19 epidemic has revealed disturbing information about how chronic diseases are treated globally. Healthcare providers and coronavirus response teams have primarily reported on how individuals with chronic conditions sought care and treatment. However, individuals’ experiences of patients are yet unknown.Aim: This study aimed to explore those strategies that enabled patients with chronic diseases access to chronic care and treatment during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.Setting: The study was conducted in the predominantly rural district of the Northwest Province, South Africa.Methods: An explorative qualitative research design was followed. Information-rich participants were chosen using a purposive sampling technique. Individual face-to-face interviews were used to gather data. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing n = 28 people in total. The six steps of Braun and Clarke thematic data analysis were used to analyse the data.Results: The study revealed three themes, which includes improved healthcare structural systems, shift from traditional chronic care to digital care services and medication refill and buddy system.Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed a range of effective and noteworthy approaches that facilitated access to treatment and continuity of care. As a result, enhancing telemedicine as well as structural systems such as appointment scheduling, decanting choices, mobile and medication home delivery can improve access to care and treatment.Contribution: The burden of disease and avoidable death will be eventually addressed by maximising the use of telemedicine and sustaining the new norm of ongoing care through digital and remote care and decanting strategies.
背景:COVID-19 疫情揭示了全球如何治疗慢性病的令人不安的信息。医疗服务提供者和冠状病毒应对小组主要报告了慢性病患者如何寻求护理和治疗。目的:本研究旨在探讨在 COVID-19 大流行期间及之后,使慢性病患者获得慢性病护理和治疗的策略:研究在南非西北省以农村为主的地区进行:方法:采用探索性定性研究设计。采用目的性抽样技术选择信息丰富的参与者。采用个人面对面访谈的方式收集数据。总共访谈了 n = 28 人,达到了数据饱和。采用布劳恩和克拉克主题数据分析的六个步骤对数据进行分析:研究揭示了三个主题,包括医疗保健结构系统的改善、从传统慢性病护理向数字化护理服务的转变以及药物补充和好友系统:研究结果表明,一系列有效且值得关注的方法促进了治疗的获得和护理的连续性。因此,加强远程医疗以及预约安排、倾倒选择、移动和送药上门等结构性系统可以改善护理和治疗的可及性:贡献:通过最大限度地利用远程医疗,并通过数字化、远程护理和转诊策略维持持续护理的新规范,最终将解决疾病负担和可避免的死亡问题。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of families living with Nyaope users in Tshwane, Gauteng province 豪登省茨瓦内与 Nyaope 使用者生活在一起的家庭的经历
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2338
Dorcas Nene, Florah Mkhonto, K. Mokwena
Background: Nyaope is one of the commonly used drugs in many low socio-economic communities in South Africa. Because of its highly addictive properties, the vast majority of users are not able to quit, which results in long-term difficulties for their families.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of families living with nyaope users in a township in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality.Setting: Data were collected at the Social Development Centre, which serves a variety of social needs of families, including the various needs of families whose problems emanate from nyaope use. The family members were recruited from the registry of the centre.Methods: A qualitative design and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from a sample of family members who were purposively sampled. NVIvo 12 was used for thematic analysis of the data.Results: Three major themes emerged from the data, these being, consequences of nyaope use on the family, family interventions, and coping strategies.Conclusion: Although the families have devised interventions and developed coping strategies, nyaope use remains a serious mental health challenge in affected families.Contribution: The study highlighted the negative impact of nyaope on the social and mental health of the families. The assistance offered at Social Development is broad and general for substance abuse, but does little to mitigate the complex difficulties brought about by nyaope use.
背景:Nyaope 是南非许多社会经济地位低下的社区常用的毒品之一。由于其高度成瘾性,绝大多数吸食者都无法戒除,这给他们的家庭带来了长期的困难。目的:本研究旨在探讨和描述nyaope吸食者的家庭在茨瓦内大都会区一个乡镇的生活经历:数据在社会发展中心收集,该中心为有各种社会需求的家庭提供服务,包括因使用 "yaope "而产生问题的家庭的各种需求。家庭成员是从该中心的登记册中招募的:方法:采用定性设计和深入访谈的方法,从有目的地抽取的家庭成员样本中收集数据。采用 NVIvo 12 对数据进行主题分析:结果:数据中出现了三大主题,即使用nyaope对家庭造成的后果、家庭干预措施和应对策略:尽管这些家庭已经制定了干预措施和应对策略,但使用 nyaope 仍是受影响家庭面临的一个严重的心理健康挑战:贡献:这项研究强调了nyaope对家庭的社会和心理健康造成的负面影响。社会发展部针对药物滥用提供了广泛而普遍的援助,但对于减轻使用yaope带来的复杂困难却收效甚微。
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引用次数: 0
Student nurse perceptions of family nursing practices in South Africa: A descriptive survey 学生护士对南非家庭护理实践的看法:描述性调查
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2321
G. Chironda, Petra Brysiewicz
Background: Family nursing practices (FNPs) are gaining momentum in global literature, but the available research has targeted qualified nursing professionals. There are limited studies exploring this phenomenon in undergraduate student nurses in South Africa.Aim: The study aimed at exploring the undergraduate student nurse perceptions of FNPs.Setting: The study was conducted at a selected university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Methods: A descriptive survey design was used to purposively select undergraduate nursing students. The Family Nursing Practice Scale (FNPS) was used to collect data online. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Open ended questions were analysed using content analysis.Results: Out of 154 participants, 77 responded to the questionnaire, translating to a response rate of 50%. Compared with other studies in literature, student nurses rated their overall FNP as being low (M = 3.43, s.d. = 0.99). A further descriptive analysis revealed better FNPs (2.97) for 3rd year compared to 2nd year (3.90) nursing students with significance differences in the means (p  0.0001). While family conflict, maintaining confidentiality, ill prepared and absent family were challenges experienced in FNP, advantages included obtaining detailed information, ability to plan individualised care and enhanced student nurse-family relationship.Conclusion: A lower critical practice appraisal and lower perceptions of interaction and reciprocity in the nurse-family relationship were identified. There is need for an inclusive curriculum that promotes and advocates for family nursing within the undergraduate programme.Contribution: This study highlights the importance of teaching family nursing to undergraduate student nurses.
背景:家庭护理实践(FNPs)在全球文献中的发展势头日益强劲,但现有的研究主要针对合格的护理专业人员。在南非,针对本科生护士对这一现象的探索研究十分有限。目的:本研究旨在探索本科生护士对家庭护理实践的看法:研究在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省一所选定的大学进行:方法:采用描述性调查设计,有目的地选择护理专业本科生。采用家庭护理实践量表(FNPS)在线收集数据。描述性和推论性统计用于分析定量数据。采用内容分析法对开放式问题进行了分析:在 154 名参与者中,有 77 人回复了问卷,回复率为 50%。与其他文献研究相比,学生护士对其 FNP 的总体评价较低(M = 3.43,s.d. = 0.99)。进一步的描述性分析显示,三年级护生的 FNP(2.97)优于二年级护生(3.90),平均值差异显著(P 0.0001)。虽然家庭冲突、保密、准备不充分和家人不在身边是 FNP 面临的挑战,但其优势包括获得详细信息、制定个性化护理计划的能力和增强学生护士与家庭的关系:结论:在护士-家庭关系中,关键性实践评价较低,对互动和互惠的认识也较低。有必要在本科课程中设置包容性课程,促进和倡导家庭护理:本研究强调了向本科生护士教授家庭护理的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of organisational climate on public service employee physical health 组织氛围对公务员身体健康的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2244
B. I. Chigbu, Willie T. Chinyamurindi, C. Marange
Background: The working conditions in the South African public service, notably its challenging environment, pose significant threats to the physical health of employees. Calls exist in understanding how this can be addressed.Aim: The study investigated the predictors of physical health, accounting for the role of organisational climate and decent work.Setting: The study was conducted in Bisho in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.Methods: An instrument was administered through a survey using a sample of 289 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test the hypothesised relationships.Results: No significant direct effect existed to show that the sounder an organisational climate, the better the physical health of employees will be (β = –0.014, t = –0.199, p = 0.843, 95% confidence interval [CI] [–0.153 to 0.125]). However, statistically significant evidence existed to show that the more focus on promoting decent work, the better the physical health of employees will be (β = 0.463, p = 0.001, 95% CI [0.258 to 0.668]). Finally, decent work has a full mediating effect on the relationship between organisational climate and employee physical health (β = 0.105, 95% CI [0.054 to 0.167]).Conclusion: Public service organisations need to pay attention to the role of its climate and decent working conditions in promoting employee physical health.Contribution: Interventions are needed centered on improving decent work and the organisational climate as identified predictors of employee physical health.
背景:南非公共服务部门的工作条件,尤其是其具有挑战性的环境,对员工的身体健康构成了严重威胁。目的:本研究调查了身体健康的预测因素,并考虑了组织氛围和体面工作的作用:研究在南非东开普省的比绍进行:方法:通过对 289 名受访者进行抽样调查,使用一种工具。使用描述性和推论性统计来检验假设的关系:组织氛围越好,员工的身体健康就越好(β = -0.014,t = -0.199,p = 0.843,95% 置信区间 [CI][-0.153-0.125])。然而,有统计意义的证据表明,越注重促进体面工作,员工的身体健康就越好(β = 0.463,p = 0.001,95% CI [0.258 至 0.668])。最后,体面工作对组织氛围与员工身体健康之间的关系具有充分的中介效应(β = 0.105,95% CI [0.054 to 0.167]):结论:公共服务组织需要关注组织氛围和体面工作条件在促进员工身体健康方面的作用:贡献:需要采取干预措施,重点改善体面工作和组织氛围,因为它们是员工身体健康的预测因素。
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引用次数: 0
Nurses experiences regarding ideal clinic project implementation in eThekwini district 护士对在 eThekwini 地区实施理想诊所项目的体会
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2407
T. Ngxongo, Mthokozisi Zulu
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引用次数: 0
Clinical mentorship of midwifery students: The perceptions of registered midwives 助产士学生的临床指导:注册助产士的看法
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2492
H. Amod, Lindani Ndlovu, Petra Brysiewicz
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引用次数: 0
Doctors’ perspectives on the quality of medical imaging in public hospitals in eThekwini District 医生对 eThekwini 地区公立医院医学影像质量的看法
Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2389
N. Gam, Maureen N. Sibiya
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引用次数: 0
Interaction of social support and depressive symptoms on antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV in South Africa 社会支持和抑郁症状对南非艾滋病毒感染者坚持抗逆转录病毒疗法的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2271
Muziwandile Q. Luthuli, Johannes John-Langba
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引用次数: 0
Professional nurses supporting learners during professional socialisation in Limpopo province 林波波省专业护士在职业社会化过程中为学习者提供支持
Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2450
Julia L. Mafumo, Takalani R. Luhallma, M. Maputle
Background: Professional nurses play a significant role in the professional socialisation of learner nurses during clinical placement. Clinical placements are areas of experiential learning as learner nurses come in contact with real-life experiences. Professional nurses are custodians of learners and need to offer them support.Aim: The study sought to explore the role of professional nurses in supporting learner nurses during professional socialisation.Setting: Four clinical health facilities in Limpopo province at different levels of care were purposely sampled to obtain information from different levels of care.Methods: An ethnonursing approach and qualitative, explorative design was used. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select 25 professional nurses. The criteria were professional nurses with 3 years of experience in professional socialisation and working in institutions accredited for clinical placement of learner nurses registered in the undergraduate programme. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview until data saturation was reached. Tesch’s open coding system was used to analyse data.Results: Professional nurses acknowledged that their responsibilities in supporting learners during professional socialisation are mentoring, teaching and being competent practitioners. Professional nurses were aware of their role in transferring ethical skills and knowledge to learners through professional socialisation.Conclusion: The effectiveness of professional socialisation of learner nurses depends on the support offered during clinical placements.Contribution: The study adds to the body of knowledge in nursing education and practice because when learners are offered support in the clinical areas, their learning journey will be of positive experience leading to competent practitioners.
背景:在临床实习期间,专业护士在学习护士的专业社会化方面发挥着重要作用。临床实习是体验式学习的领域,因为学习护士会接触到真实的生活经验。专业护士是学习者的监护人,需要为他们提供支持。目的:本研究旨在探讨专业护士在专业社会化过程中为学习护士提供支持的作用:环境:特意抽取了林波波省不同护理级别的四家临床医疗机构,以获取不同护理级别的信息:方法:采用民族护理方法和定性探索设计。采用非概率目的性抽样法选出了 25 名专业护士。标准是具有 3 年职业社会化经验的专业护士,以及在经认可的临床实习机构工作的本科注册学习护士。通过面对面访谈收集数据,直至数据达到饱和。采用 Tesch 开放式编码系统分析数据:结果:专业护士承认,在专业社会化过程中,他们在支持学习者方面的责任是指导、教学和成为称职的从业者。专业护士意识到自己在通过专业社会化向学习者传授道德技能和知识方面的作用:结论:学习护士专业社会化的效果取决于临床实习期间提供的支持:贡献:这项研究为护理教育和实践领域的知识体系增添了新的内容,因为当学习者在临床实习中获得支持时,他们的学习历程将是积极的,从而成为合格的从业者。
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引用次数: 0
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Health SA Gesondheid
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