Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a significant cause of vision impairment and blindness, particularly in rural settings where access to specialized healthcare services is limited. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise in revolutionizing the screening and diagnosis of DR, offering a scalable solution to bridge the gap in healthcare disparities. This systematic review synthesizes existing literature on AI applications tailored for screening and diagnosing diabetic retinopathy in rural areas. Through a comprehensive search across various databases, including PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar, a total of 88 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. These studies encompassed a range of AI techniques, including deep learning algorithms, machine learning models, and image processing methods, deployed in diverse rural healthcare settings globally. The findings reveal that AI-based systems demonstrate high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting diabetic retinopathy from fundus images, thereby enabling early identification and timely intervention. Moreover, the scalability and cost-effectiveness of these AI solutions make them particularly suitable for resource-constrained rural environments. However, several challenges persist, including the need for robust validation studies, integration with existing healthcare infrastructure, and addressing ethical and regulatory concerns. Additionally, considerations regarding data privacy, patient acceptance, and healthcare provider training are crucial for the successful implementation of AI-driven DR screening programs in rural settings. This systematic review underscores the transformative potential of AI technologies in improving access to diabetic retinopathy screening and diagnosis in rural areas. Future research should focus on addressing the identified challenges and optimizing AI systems to enhance their efficacy and accessibility in underserved communities. Keywords: AI, Rural, Diagnosis, Diabetic, Retinopathy, Rural, Review.
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）仍然是视力损伤和失明的重要原因，尤其是在农村地区，因为那里获得专业医疗服务的途径有限。人工智能（AI）的整合有望彻底改变糖尿病视网膜病变的筛查和诊断，为缩小医疗差距提供可扩展的解决方案。这篇系统性综述综合了现有的有关人工智能应用的文献，这些应用专为农村地区筛查和诊断糖尿病视网膜病变而量身定制。通过对各种数据库（包括 PubMed、IEEE Xplore 和 Google Scholar）的全面搜索，共发现了 88 项符合纳入标准的研究。这些研究涵盖了一系列人工智能技术，包括深度学习算法、机器学习模型和图像处理方法，部署在全球不同的农村医疗环境中。研究结果表明，基于人工智能的系统在从眼底图像检测糖尿病视网膜病变方面表现出较高的准确性、灵敏度和特异性，从而实现了早期识别和及时干预。此外，这些人工智能解决方案的可扩展性和成本效益使其特别适用于资源有限的农村环境。然而，一些挑战依然存在，包括需要进行强有力的验证研究、与现有医疗基础设施整合以及解决伦理和监管问题。此外，有关数据隐私、患者接受度和医疗服务提供者培训等方面的考虑对于在农村环境中成功实施人工智能驱动的 DR 筛查项目至关重要。本系统综述强调了人工智能技术在改善农村地区糖尿病视网膜病变筛查和诊断方面的变革潜力。未来的研究应重点解决已发现的挑战，并优化人工智能系统，以提高其在服务不足社区的有效性和可及性。关键词 人工智能 农村 诊断 糖尿病 视网膜病变 农村 综述
{"title":"AI APPLICATIONS IN SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN RURAL SETTINGS","authors":"Rawlings Chidi, Ugochukwu Odimba","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i3.918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i3.918","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a significant cause of vision impairment and blindness, particularly in rural settings where access to specialized healthcare services is limited. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise in revolutionizing the screening and diagnosis of DR, offering a scalable solution to bridge the gap in healthcare disparities. This systematic review synthesizes existing literature on AI applications tailored for screening and diagnosing diabetic retinopathy in rural areas. Through a comprehensive search across various databases, including PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar, a total of 88 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. These studies encompassed a range of AI techniques, including deep learning algorithms, machine learning models, and image processing methods, deployed in diverse rural healthcare settings globally. The findings reveal that AI-based systems demonstrate high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting diabetic retinopathy from fundus images, thereby enabling early identification and timely intervention. Moreover, the scalability and cost-effectiveness of these AI solutions make them particularly suitable for resource-constrained rural environments. However, several challenges persist, including the need for robust validation studies, integration with existing healthcare infrastructure, and addressing ethical and regulatory concerns. Additionally, considerations regarding data privacy, patient acceptance, and healthcare provider training are crucial for the successful implementation of AI-driven DR screening programs in rural settings. This systematic review underscores the transformative potential of AI technologies in improving access to diabetic retinopathy screening and diagnosis in rural areas. Future research should focus on addressing the identified challenges and optimizing AI systems to enhance their efficacy and accessibility in underserved communities. \u0000Keywords: AI, Rural, Diagnosis, Diabetic, Retinopathy, Rural, Review.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"167 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of embedded systems in medical devices has revolutionized the healthcare landscape in the United States, fostering advancements in patient care, diagnostics, and treatment modalities. This review provides a concise overview of the extensive review conducted to understand the multifaceted impact of embedded systems in medical devices within the USA. Embedded systems, characterized by their compact size and integration into various medical devices, play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and functionality of healthcare technologies. This review explores the pervasive influence of embedded systems in diverse medical applications, ranging from wearable devices monitoring vital signs to sophisticated imaging equipment and life-saving implantable devices. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive examination of the regulatory landscape governing embedded medical devices in the USA, emphasizing the stringent standards set by regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The evolving regulatory framework reflects the ongoing efforts to balance innovation with patient safety, ensuring that embedded systems adhere to the highest standards of reliability and security. Furthermore, the review delves into case studies and real-world examples, showcasing instances where embedded systems have contributed significantly to medical breakthroughs and improved patient outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence, data analytics, and connectivity within embedded systems has enabled healthcare professionals to access real-time patient data, facilitating timely interventions and personalized treatment plans. However, the review also addresses challenges and concerns, including cybersecurity risks and the need for standardized interoperability among different embedded systems. The potential for remote hacking and data breaches underscores the importance of robust cybersecurity measures in the rapidly evolving landscape of medical device technology. This comprehensive review sheds light on the transformative impact of embedded systems in medical devices within the USA. By examining both the positive contributions and challenges associated with these technologies, stakeholders can make informed decisions to further propel the integration of embedded systems for improved healthcare outcomes. Keywords: Embedded System, Medical, Devices, USA, Health, Review.
{"title":"REVIEWING THE IMPACT OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS IN MEDICAL DEVICES IN THE USA","authors":"Sedat Sonko, Ayodeji Matthew Monebi, Emmanuel Augustine Etukudoh, Femi Osasona, Akoh Atadoga, Cosmas Dominic Daudu","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.767","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of embedded systems in medical devices has revolutionized the healthcare landscape in the United States, fostering advancements in patient care, diagnostics, and treatment modalities. This review provides a concise overview of the extensive review conducted to understand the multifaceted impact of embedded systems in medical devices within the USA. Embedded systems, characterized by their compact size and integration into various medical devices, play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and functionality of healthcare technologies. This review explores the pervasive influence of embedded systems in diverse medical applications, ranging from wearable devices monitoring vital signs to sophisticated imaging equipment and life-saving implantable devices. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive examination of the regulatory landscape governing embedded medical devices in the USA, emphasizing the stringent standards set by regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The evolving regulatory framework reflects the ongoing efforts to balance innovation with patient safety, ensuring that embedded systems adhere to the highest standards of reliability and security. Furthermore, the review delves into case studies and real-world examples, showcasing instances where embedded systems have contributed significantly to medical breakthroughs and improved patient outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence, data analytics, and connectivity within embedded systems has enabled healthcare professionals to access real-time patient data, facilitating timely interventions and personalized treatment plans. However, the review also addresses challenges and concerns, including cybersecurity risks and the need for standardized interoperability among different embedded systems. The potential for remote hacking and data breaches underscores the importance of robust cybersecurity measures in the rapidly evolving landscape of medical device technology. This comprehensive review sheds light on the transformative impact of embedded systems in medical devices within the USA. By examining both the positive contributions and challenges associated with these technologies, stakeholders can make informed decisions to further propel the integration of embedded systems for improved healthcare outcomes. \u0000Keywords: Embedded System, Medical, Devices, USA, Health, Review.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"358 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of embedded systems in medical devices has revolutionized the healthcare landscape in the United States, fostering advancements in patient care, diagnostics, and treatment modalities. This review provides a concise overview of the extensive review conducted to understand the multifaceted impact of embedded systems in medical devices within the USA. Embedded systems, characterized by their compact size and integration into various medical devices, play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and functionality of healthcare technologies. This review explores the pervasive influence of embedded systems in diverse medical applications, ranging from wearable devices monitoring vital signs to sophisticated imaging equipment and life-saving implantable devices. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive examination of the regulatory landscape governing embedded medical devices in the USA, emphasizing the stringent standards set by regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The evolving regulatory framework reflects the ongoing efforts to balance innovation with patient safety, ensuring that embedded systems adhere to the highest standards of reliability and security. Furthermore, the review delves into case studies and real-world examples, showcasing instances where embedded systems have contributed significantly to medical breakthroughs and improved patient outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence, data analytics, and connectivity within embedded systems has enabled healthcare professionals to access real-time patient data, facilitating timely interventions and personalized treatment plans. However, the review also addresses challenges and concerns, including cybersecurity risks and the need for standardized interoperability among different embedded systems. The potential for remote hacking and data breaches underscores the importance of robust cybersecurity measures in the rapidly evolving landscape of medical device technology. This comprehensive review sheds light on the transformative impact of embedded systems in medical devices within the USA. By examining both the positive contributions and challenges associated with these technologies, stakeholders can make informed decisions to further propel the integration of embedded systems for improved healthcare outcomes. Keywords: Embedded System, Medical, Devices, USA, Health, Review.
{"title":"REVIEWING THE IMPACT OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS IN MEDICAL DEVICES IN THE USA","authors":"Sedat Sonko, Ayodeji Matthew Monebi, Emmanuel Augustine Etukudoh, Femi Osasona, Akoh Atadoga, Cosmas Dominic Daudu","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.767","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of embedded systems in medical devices has revolutionized the healthcare landscape in the United States, fostering advancements in patient care, diagnostics, and treatment modalities. This review provides a concise overview of the extensive review conducted to understand the multifaceted impact of embedded systems in medical devices within the USA. Embedded systems, characterized by their compact size and integration into various medical devices, play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and functionality of healthcare technologies. This review explores the pervasive influence of embedded systems in diverse medical applications, ranging from wearable devices monitoring vital signs to sophisticated imaging equipment and life-saving implantable devices. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive examination of the regulatory landscape governing embedded medical devices in the USA, emphasizing the stringent standards set by regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The evolving regulatory framework reflects the ongoing efforts to balance innovation with patient safety, ensuring that embedded systems adhere to the highest standards of reliability and security. Furthermore, the review delves into case studies and real-world examples, showcasing instances where embedded systems have contributed significantly to medical breakthroughs and improved patient outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence, data analytics, and connectivity within embedded systems has enabled healthcare professionals to access real-time patient data, facilitating timely interventions and personalized treatment plans. However, the review also addresses challenges and concerns, including cybersecurity risks and the need for standardized interoperability among different embedded systems. The potential for remote hacking and data breaches underscores the importance of robust cybersecurity measures in the rapidly evolving landscape of medical device technology. This comprehensive review sheds light on the transformative impact of embedded systems in medical devices within the USA. By examining both the positive contributions and challenges associated with these technologies, stakeholders can make informed decisions to further propel the integration of embedded systems for improved healthcare outcomes. \u0000Keywords: Embedded System, Medical, Devices, USA, Health, Review.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comparative review examines mental health policies in the United States and various African nations, shedding light on the divergent approaches taken to address the complex challenges posed by mental health disorders. The analysis underscores the contextual nuances that shape mental health policy formulation and implementation in these distinct regions. In the United States, a comprehensive mental health policy framework has evolved over the years, characterized by a combination of federal and state initiatives. The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, alongside the Affordable Care Act, has sought to integrate mental health services into mainstream healthcare, promoting accessibility and reducing stigma. Additionally, the National Institute of Mental Health plays a pivotal role in advancing research and evidence-based interventions. Contrastingly, African nations exhibit a wide spectrum of mental health policy landscapes, reflecting the diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts across the continent. Some countries have made significant strides in policy development, emphasizing community-based approaches and integration with primary healthcare systems. However, challenges persist, including limited resources, mental health workforce shortages, and stigma associated with mental health conditions. The review explores the role of cultural factors in shaping mental health policies, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches in African nations. It also highlights the disparities in resource allocation and mental health infrastructure between the USA and African countries, contributing to variations in service accessibility and quality of care. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of ongoing efforts to destigmatize mental health issues, improve public awareness, and strengthen community support systems. The review concludes by calling for increased international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and resource mobilization to address the mental health disparities between the USA and African nations, fostering a global commitment to holistic mental healthcare. Keywords: Health, Policies, Mental, Care, Stigmatize.
{"title":"MENTAL HEALTH POLICIES: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW BETWEEN THE USA AND AFRICAN NATIONS","authors":"Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe, Opeoluwa Akomolafe, Jeremiah Olawumi Arowoogun, Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Chinyere Onwumere, Jane Osareme Ogugua","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.766","url":null,"abstract":"This comparative review examines mental health policies in the United States and various African nations, shedding light on the divergent approaches taken to address the complex challenges posed by mental health disorders. The analysis underscores the contextual nuances that shape mental health policy formulation and implementation in these distinct regions. In the United States, a comprehensive mental health policy framework has evolved over the years, characterized by a combination of federal and state initiatives. The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, alongside the Affordable Care Act, has sought to integrate mental health services into mainstream healthcare, promoting accessibility and reducing stigma. Additionally, the National Institute of Mental Health plays a pivotal role in advancing research and evidence-based interventions. Contrastingly, African nations exhibit a wide spectrum of mental health policy landscapes, reflecting the diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts across the continent. Some countries have made significant strides in policy development, emphasizing community-based approaches and integration with primary healthcare systems. However, challenges persist, including limited resources, mental health workforce shortages, and stigma associated with mental health conditions. The review explores the role of cultural factors in shaping mental health policies, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches in African nations. It also highlights the disparities in resource allocation and mental health infrastructure between the USA and African countries, contributing to variations in service accessibility and quality of care. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of ongoing efforts to destigmatize mental health issues, improve public awareness, and strengthen community support systems. The review concludes by calling for increased international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and resource mobilization to address the mental health disparities between the USA and African nations, fostering a global commitment to holistic mental healthcare. \u0000Keywords: Health, Policies, Mental, Care, Stigmatize.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comparative review examines mental health policies in the United States and various African nations, shedding light on the divergent approaches taken to address the complex challenges posed by mental health disorders. The analysis underscores the contextual nuances that shape mental health policy formulation and implementation in these distinct regions. In the United States, a comprehensive mental health policy framework has evolved over the years, characterized by a combination of federal and state initiatives. The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, alongside the Affordable Care Act, has sought to integrate mental health services into mainstream healthcare, promoting accessibility and reducing stigma. Additionally, the National Institute of Mental Health plays a pivotal role in advancing research and evidence-based interventions. Contrastingly, African nations exhibit a wide spectrum of mental health policy landscapes, reflecting the diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts across the continent. Some countries have made significant strides in policy development, emphasizing community-based approaches and integration with primary healthcare systems. However, challenges persist, including limited resources, mental health workforce shortages, and stigma associated with mental health conditions. The review explores the role of cultural factors in shaping mental health policies, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches in African nations. It also highlights the disparities in resource allocation and mental health infrastructure between the USA and African countries, contributing to variations in service accessibility and quality of care. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of ongoing efforts to destigmatize mental health issues, improve public awareness, and strengthen community support systems. The review concludes by calling for increased international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and resource mobilization to address the mental health disparities between the USA and African nations, fostering a global commitment to holistic mental healthcare. Keywords: Health, Policies, Mental, Care, Stigmatize.
{"title":"MENTAL HEALTH POLICIES: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW BETWEEN THE USA AND AFRICAN NATIONS","authors":"Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe, Opeoluwa Akomolafe, Jeremiah Olawumi Arowoogun, Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Chinyere Onwumere, Jane Osareme Ogugua","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.766","url":null,"abstract":"This comparative review examines mental health policies in the United States and various African nations, shedding light on the divergent approaches taken to address the complex challenges posed by mental health disorders. The analysis underscores the contextual nuances that shape mental health policy formulation and implementation in these distinct regions. In the United States, a comprehensive mental health policy framework has evolved over the years, characterized by a combination of federal and state initiatives. The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, alongside the Affordable Care Act, has sought to integrate mental health services into mainstream healthcare, promoting accessibility and reducing stigma. Additionally, the National Institute of Mental Health plays a pivotal role in advancing research and evidence-based interventions. Contrastingly, African nations exhibit a wide spectrum of mental health policy landscapes, reflecting the diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts across the continent. Some countries have made significant strides in policy development, emphasizing community-based approaches and integration with primary healthcare systems. However, challenges persist, including limited resources, mental health workforce shortages, and stigma associated with mental health conditions. The review explores the role of cultural factors in shaping mental health policies, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches in African nations. It also highlights the disparities in resource allocation and mental health infrastructure between the USA and African countries, contributing to variations in service accessibility and quality of care. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of ongoing efforts to destigmatize mental health issues, improve public awareness, and strengthen community support systems. The review concludes by calling for increased international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and resource mobilization to address the mental health disparities between the USA and African nations, fostering a global commitment to holistic mental healthcare. \u0000Keywords: Health, Policies, Mental, Care, Stigmatize.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"347 10-11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jane Osareme Ogugua, Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu, Opeoluwa Oluwanifemi Akomolafe, Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Obinna Donald Daraojimba
The intersection of mental health and digital technology has become a critical focus in the realm of public health. This paper provides a concise overview of the current trends and responses within this evolving landscape. The widespread integration of digital technology into daily life has both positive and negative implications for mental health. On one hand, digital platforms offer innovative tools for mental health support, including virtual therapy, mental health apps, and online communities. These resources enhance accessibility and reduce barriers to seeking help. Conversely, concerns have arisen regarding the adverse impact of excessive digital screen time, social media use, and cyberbullying on mental well-being. The paper explores the prevalence of digital mental health interventions, emphasizing the need for evidence-based practices and regulatory frameworks to ensure their efficacy and user safety. Additionally, it addresses the growing recognition of the digital divide and disparities in access to mental health resources, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity in digital mental health initiatives. Responses to these challenges involve collaborative efforts among mental health professionals, technology developers, policymakers, and public health practitioners. The paper highlights the importance of research in understanding the nuanced relationship between digital technology and mental health, informing the development of targeted interventions. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for comprehensive public health strategies that prioritize digital literacy, mental health education, and the promotion of positive online behaviors. The paper underscores the multifaceted nature of the relationship between mental health and digital technology, calling for a holistic and collaborative approach to address the evolving challenges and opportunities in this dynamic landscape. Keywords: Mental health, Digital technologies, Public health, Trends, Review.
{"title":"MENTAL HEALTH AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY: A PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS AND RESPONSES","authors":"Jane Osareme Ogugua, Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu, Opeoluwa Oluwanifemi Akomolafe, Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Obinna Donald Daraojimba","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.754","url":null,"abstract":"The intersection of mental health and digital technology has become a critical focus in the realm of public health. This paper provides a concise overview of the current trends and responses within this evolving landscape. The widespread integration of digital technology into daily life has both positive and negative implications for mental health. On one hand, digital platforms offer innovative tools for mental health support, including virtual therapy, mental health apps, and online communities. These resources enhance accessibility and reduce barriers to seeking help. Conversely, concerns have arisen regarding the adverse impact of excessive digital screen time, social media use, and cyberbullying on mental well-being. The paper explores the prevalence of digital mental health interventions, emphasizing the need for evidence-based practices and regulatory frameworks to ensure their efficacy and user safety. Additionally, it addresses the growing recognition of the digital divide and disparities in access to mental health resources, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity in digital mental health initiatives. Responses to these challenges involve collaborative efforts among mental health professionals, technology developers, policymakers, and public health practitioners. The paper highlights the importance of research in understanding the nuanced relationship between digital technology and mental health, informing the development of targeted interventions. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for comprehensive public health strategies that prioritize digital literacy, mental health education, and the promotion of positive online behaviors. The paper underscores the multifaceted nature of the relationship between mental health and digital technology, calling for a holistic and collaborative approach to address the evolving challenges and opportunities in this dynamic landscape. \u0000Keywords: Mental health, Digital technologies, Public health, Trends, Review.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"29 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jane Osareme Ogugua, Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu, Opeoluwa Oluwanifemi Akomolafe, Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Obinna Donald Daraojimba
The intersection of mental health and digital technology has become a critical focus in the realm of public health. This paper provides a concise overview of the current trends and responses within this evolving landscape. The widespread integration of digital technology into daily life has both positive and negative implications for mental health. On one hand, digital platforms offer innovative tools for mental health support, including virtual therapy, mental health apps, and online communities. These resources enhance accessibility and reduce barriers to seeking help. Conversely, concerns have arisen regarding the adverse impact of excessive digital screen time, social media use, and cyberbullying on mental well-being. The paper explores the prevalence of digital mental health interventions, emphasizing the need for evidence-based practices and regulatory frameworks to ensure their efficacy and user safety. Additionally, it addresses the growing recognition of the digital divide and disparities in access to mental health resources, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity in digital mental health initiatives. Responses to these challenges involve collaborative efforts among mental health professionals, technology developers, policymakers, and public health practitioners. The paper highlights the importance of research in understanding the nuanced relationship between digital technology and mental health, informing the development of targeted interventions. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for comprehensive public health strategies that prioritize digital literacy, mental health education, and the promotion of positive online behaviors. The paper underscores the multifaceted nature of the relationship between mental health and digital technology, calling for a holistic and collaborative approach to address the evolving challenges and opportunities in this dynamic landscape. Keywords: Mental health, Digital technologies, Public health, Trends, Review.
{"title":"MENTAL HEALTH AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY: A PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS AND RESPONSES","authors":"Jane Osareme Ogugua, Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu, Opeoluwa Oluwanifemi Akomolafe, Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Obinna Donald Daraojimba","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.754","url":null,"abstract":"The intersection of mental health and digital technology has become a critical focus in the realm of public health. This paper provides a concise overview of the current trends and responses within this evolving landscape. The widespread integration of digital technology into daily life has both positive and negative implications for mental health. On one hand, digital platforms offer innovative tools for mental health support, including virtual therapy, mental health apps, and online communities. These resources enhance accessibility and reduce barriers to seeking help. Conversely, concerns have arisen regarding the adverse impact of excessive digital screen time, social media use, and cyberbullying on mental well-being. The paper explores the prevalence of digital mental health interventions, emphasizing the need for evidence-based practices and regulatory frameworks to ensure their efficacy and user safety. Additionally, it addresses the growing recognition of the digital divide and disparities in access to mental health resources, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity in digital mental health initiatives. Responses to these challenges involve collaborative efforts among mental health professionals, technology developers, policymakers, and public health practitioners. The paper highlights the importance of research in understanding the nuanced relationship between digital technology and mental health, informing the development of targeted interventions. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for comprehensive public health strategies that prioritize digital literacy, mental health education, and the promotion of positive online behaviors. The paper underscores the multifaceted nature of the relationship between mental health and digital technology, calling for a holistic and collaborative approach to address the evolving challenges and opportunities in this dynamic landscape. \u0000Keywords: Mental health, Digital technologies, Public health, Trends, Review.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu, Tolulope O Olorunsogo, Oluwatoyin Ayo-Farai, Femi Osasona, Obinna Donald Daraojimba
The fusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and healthcare heralds a new era of innovation and transformation, yet it is not without its ethical quandaries. This comprehensive review traverses the intricate landscape where AI meets healthcare, delving into the ethical dilemmas that arise alongside practical applications. The ethical considerations span a spectrum, encompassing issues of patient privacy, transparency, accountability, and the inadvertent perpetuation of biases within AI algorithms. Privacy concerns emerge as a central ethical dilemma as healthcare providers leverage AI to process vast amounts of patient data. Striking a delicate balance between harnessing the power of AI for diagnostic and predictive purposes and safeguarding sensitive medical information is a critical challenge. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the ethical implications of AI algorithms and their potential to perpetuate biases, inadvertently exacerbating health disparities. A nuanced examination of bias mitigation strategies becomes imperative to ensure that AI technologies contribute to equitable healthcare outcomes. In tandem with ethical considerations, the review illuminates the practical applications reshaping the healthcare landscape. AI-driven diagnostics, predictive modeling, and personalized treatment plans emerge as transformative tools, enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. The efficient allocation of resources, streamlined workflows, and the acceleration of drug discovery processes showcase the tangible benefits of AI integration. This review aspires to guide healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and technologists in navigating the ethical crossroads of AI in healthcare. By fostering an awareness of ethical pitfalls and emphasizing responsible AI development, stakeholders can collaboratively shape a future where AI augments healthcare delivery, upholds ethical standards, and ultimately improves the quality of patient care. Keywords: AI, Healthcare, Ethics, Review, AI Application.
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE: A REVIEW OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS","authors":"Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu, Tolulope O Olorunsogo, Oluwatoyin Ayo-Farai, Femi Osasona, Obinna Donald Daraojimba","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.755","url":null,"abstract":"The fusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and healthcare heralds a new era of innovation and transformation, yet it is not without its ethical quandaries. This comprehensive review traverses the intricate landscape where AI meets healthcare, delving into the ethical dilemmas that arise alongside practical applications. The ethical considerations span a spectrum, encompassing issues of patient privacy, transparency, accountability, and the inadvertent perpetuation of biases within AI algorithms. Privacy concerns emerge as a central ethical dilemma as healthcare providers leverage AI to process vast amounts of patient data. Striking a delicate balance between harnessing the power of AI for diagnostic and predictive purposes and safeguarding sensitive medical information is a critical challenge. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the ethical implications of AI algorithms and their potential to perpetuate biases, inadvertently exacerbating health disparities. A nuanced examination of bias mitigation strategies becomes imperative to ensure that AI technologies contribute to equitable healthcare outcomes. In tandem with ethical considerations, the review illuminates the practical applications reshaping the healthcare landscape. AI-driven diagnostics, predictive modeling, and personalized treatment plans emerge as transformative tools, enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. The efficient allocation of resources, streamlined workflows, and the acceleration of drug discovery processes showcase the tangible benefits of AI integration. This review aspires to guide healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and technologists in navigating the ethical crossroads of AI in healthcare. By fostering an awareness of ethical pitfalls and emphasizing responsible AI development, stakeholders can collaboratively shape a future where AI augments healthcare delivery, upholds ethical standards, and ultimately improves the quality of patient care. \u0000Keywords: AI, Healthcare, Ethics, Review, AI Application.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu, Tolulope O Olorunsogo, Oluwatoyin Ayo-Farai, Femi Osasona, Obinna Donald Daraojimba
The fusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and healthcare heralds a new era of innovation and transformation, yet it is not without its ethical quandaries. This comprehensive review traverses the intricate landscape where AI meets healthcare, delving into the ethical dilemmas that arise alongside practical applications. The ethical considerations span a spectrum, encompassing issues of patient privacy, transparency, accountability, and the inadvertent perpetuation of biases within AI algorithms. Privacy concerns emerge as a central ethical dilemma as healthcare providers leverage AI to process vast amounts of patient data. Striking a delicate balance between harnessing the power of AI for diagnostic and predictive purposes and safeguarding sensitive medical information is a critical challenge. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the ethical implications of AI algorithms and their potential to perpetuate biases, inadvertently exacerbating health disparities. A nuanced examination of bias mitigation strategies becomes imperative to ensure that AI technologies contribute to equitable healthcare outcomes. In tandem with ethical considerations, the review illuminates the practical applications reshaping the healthcare landscape. AI-driven diagnostics, predictive modeling, and personalized treatment plans emerge as transformative tools, enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. The efficient allocation of resources, streamlined workflows, and the acceleration of drug discovery processes showcase the tangible benefits of AI integration. This review aspires to guide healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and technologists in navigating the ethical crossroads of AI in healthcare. By fostering an awareness of ethical pitfalls and emphasizing responsible AI development, stakeholders can collaboratively shape a future where AI augments healthcare delivery, upholds ethical standards, and ultimately improves the quality of patient care. Keywords: AI, Healthcare, Ethics, Review, AI Application.
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE: A REVIEW OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS","authors":"Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu, Chiamaka Chinaemelum Okongwu, Tolulope O Olorunsogo, Oluwatoyin Ayo-Farai, Femi Osasona, Obinna Donald Daraojimba","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i2.755","url":null,"abstract":"The fusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and healthcare heralds a new era of innovation and transformation, yet it is not without its ethical quandaries. This comprehensive review traverses the intricate landscape where AI meets healthcare, delving into the ethical dilemmas that arise alongside practical applications. The ethical considerations span a spectrum, encompassing issues of patient privacy, transparency, accountability, and the inadvertent perpetuation of biases within AI algorithms. Privacy concerns emerge as a central ethical dilemma as healthcare providers leverage AI to process vast amounts of patient data. Striking a delicate balance between harnessing the power of AI for diagnostic and predictive purposes and safeguarding sensitive medical information is a critical challenge. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the ethical implications of AI algorithms and their potential to perpetuate biases, inadvertently exacerbating health disparities. A nuanced examination of bias mitigation strategies becomes imperative to ensure that AI technologies contribute to equitable healthcare outcomes. In tandem with ethical considerations, the review illuminates the practical applications reshaping the healthcare landscape. AI-driven diagnostics, predictive modeling, and personalized treatment plans emerge as transformative tools, enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. The efficient allocation of resources, streamlined workflows, and the acceleration of drug discovery processes showcase the tangible benefits of AI integration. This review aspires to guide healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and technologists in navigating the ethical crossroads of AI in healthcare. By fostering an awareness of ethical pitfalls and emphasizing responsible AI development, stakeholders can collaboratively shape a future where AI augments healthcare delivery, upholds ethical standards, and ultimately improves the quality of patient care. \u0000Keywords: AI, Healthcare, Ethics, Review, AI Application.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"127 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the challenges and successes of tuberculosis (TB) notification in children amidst a backdrop of insecurity in Imo State, Nigeria. Emphasizing targeted community demand creation strategies, the study investigates the intricate relationship between insecurity, community engagement, and pediatric TB detection. Drawing upon a comprehensive literature review, this research delves into the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of TB in children, the ramifications of insecurity on healthcare access in Imo State, and effective community engagement strategies in healthcare initiatives. The literature findings underscore the substantial burden of TB among children and the distinct hurdles faced in environments characterized by insecurity. The prevailing insecurity in Imo State significantly disrupts healthcare services, leading to delays in TB diagnosis and treatment initiation. Nevertheless, the review identifies community engagement approaches as a promising avenue for bolstering TB notification rates in pediatric populations. These approaches empower local communities to actively participate in the identification and management of TB cases, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of pediatric TB notification. A conceptual framework, derived from amalgamated literature, elucidates the intricate interplay between insecurity, community engagement, and TB notification. This study highlights the pivotal role of community-driven interventions in mitigating the challenges posed by insecurity in Imo State, Nigeria, and presents actionable recommendations for the development of healthcare policies and programs tailored to the region. This research not only augments our comprehension of TB notification among children within insecure contexts but also provides valuable insights into the broader domain of community-based healthcare interventions. It underscores the exigency for customized strategies to address TB in pediatric populations in regions marked by insecurity, ultimately contributing to the amelioration of health outcomes for children in Imo State, Nigeria, and analogous settings Keywords: TB, Children, Community, Nigeria.
{"title":"TB NOTIFICATION IN CHILDREN: THE EXPERIENCE OF TARGETED COMMUNITY DEMAND CREATION AMIDST INSECURITY IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Arinze Emmanuel Ajogwu, Ikeru Adaeze, Maryann Amaechi, Jude A. Ilozumba, Chukwuebuka Ugwu, Susilo Wulan, Uzoma Chidinma Ajegbo, Obioma Chijioke-Akaniro","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v3i2.604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v3i2.604","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the challenges and successes of tuberculosis (TB) notification in children amidst a backdrop of insecurity in Imo State, Nigeria. Emphasizing targeted community demand creation strategies, the study investigates the intricate relationship between insecurity, community engagement, and pediatric TB detection. Drawing upon a comprehensive literature review, this research delves into the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of TB in children, the ramifications of insecurity on healthcare access in Imo State, and effective community engagement strategies in healthcare initiatives. The literature findings underscore the substantial burden of TB among children and the distinct hurdles faced in environments characterized by insecurity. The prevailing insecurity in Imo State significantly disrupts healthcare services, leading to delays in TB diagnosis and treatment initiation. Nevertheless, the review identifies community engagement approaches as a promising avenue for bolstering TB notification rates in pediatric populations. These approaches empower local communities to actively participate in the identification and management of TB cases, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of pediatric TB notification. A conceptual framework, derived from amalgamated literature, elucidates the intricate interplay between insecurity, community engagement, and TB notification. This study highlights the pivotal role of community-driven interventions in mitigating the challenges posed by insecurity in Imo State, Nigeria, and presents actionable recommendations for the development of healthcare policies and programs tailored to the region. This research not only augments our comprehension of TB notification among children within insecure contexts but also provides valuable insights into the broader domain of community-based healthcare interventions. It underscores the exigency for customized strategies to address TB in pediatric populations in regions marked by insecurity, ultimately contributing to the amelioration of health outcomes for children in Imo State, Nigeria, and analogous settings Keywords: TB, Children, Community, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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