Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1354
Aliu Olalekan Olatunji, Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul
Emerging infectious diseases pose significant global health challenges, necessitating the development of innovative vaccines and immunization strategies. This review explores the advancements in vaccine technology and their potential to address diseases such as COVID-19, Zika, and Ebola. Traditional vaccine development methods, while effective, often require extensive timeframes, which can hinder rapid response to outbreaks. Recent innovations, including mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and protein subunit vaccines, have demonstrated the ability to accelerate development and enhance efficacy. mRNA vaccines, in particular, have revolutionized the field by enabling rapid design and production, as evidenced by their success against COVID-19. Viral vector vaccines, utilizing modified viruses to deliver antigens, have shown promise in eliciting robust immune responses. Protein subunit vaccines, which use specific antigens to stimulate immunity, offer a targeted approach with potentially fewer side effects. Additionally, advances in adjuvant technology and delivery systems have improved vaccine stability and immune response. The integration of genomic and bioinformatics tools has further streamlined the identification of novel antigens and the design of effective vaccines. Global collaboration and funding are crucial in supporting these innovations and ensuring equitable access to vaccines, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Public health strategies must prioritize vaccine acceptance and distribution, addressing vaccine hesitancy and logistical challenges. This review underscores the importance of continued investment in vaccine research and development, highlighting the transformative potential of emerging immunization technologies in safeguarding global health against future epidemics and pandemics. By leveraging these innovations, the global community can enhance preparedness and response to emerging infectious diseases, ultimately reducing their impact on public health. Keywords: Vaccines, Diseases, Vaccination, Global Health.
{"title":"Emerging vaccines for emerging diseases: Innovations in immunization strategies to address global health challenges","authors":"Aliu Olalekan Olatunji, Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1354","url":null,"abstract":" Emerging infectious diseases pose significant global health challenges, necessitating the development of innovative vaccines and immunization strategies. This review explores the advancements in vaccine technology and their potential to address diseases such as COVID-19, Zika, and Ebola. Traditional vaccine development methods, while effective, often require extensive timeframes, which can hinder rapid response to outbreaks. Recent innovations, including mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and protein subunit vaccines, have demonstrated the ability to accelerate development and enhance efficacy. mRNA vaccines, in particular, have revolutionized the field by enabling rapid design and production, as evidenced by their success against COVID-19. Viral vector vaccines, utilizing modified viruses to deliver antigens, have shown promise in eliciting robust immune responses. Protein subunit vaccines, which use specific antigens to stimulate immunity, offer a targeted approach with potentially fewer side effects. Additionally, advances in adjuvant technology and delivery systems have improved vaccine stability and immune response. The integration of genomic and bioinformatics tools has further streamlined the identification of novel antigens and the design of effective vaccines. Global collaboration and funding are crucial in supporting these innovations and ensuring equitable access to vaccines, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Public health strategies must prioritize vaccine acceptance and distribution, addressing vaccine hesitancy and logistical challenges. This review underscores the importance of continued investment in vaccine research and development, highlighting the transformative potential of emerging immunization technologies in safeguarding global health against future epidemics and pandemics. By leveraging these innovations, the global community can enhance preparedness and response to emerging infectious diseases, ultimately reducing their impact on public health. \u0000Keywords: Vaccines, Diseases, Vaccination, Global Health.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1355
Aliu Olalekan Olatunji, Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul
Environmental microbiology is integral to understanding and controlling pathogens that affect public health. This paper discusses advanced strategies to mitigate waterborne and airborne pathogens, aiming to prevent disease outbreaks. Waterborne pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Giardia can contaminate water supplies, causing diseases like cholera, dysentery, and giardiasis. Mitigation strategies include advanced water treatment methods such as membrane filtration, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, and the use of nanomaterials for contaminant removal. Real-time water quality monitoring using biosensors also enhances pathogen detection and response. Airborne pathogens, including viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2, as well as bacteria and fungal spores, can lead to respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19. Strategies to mitigate airborne pathogens include improving indoor air quality through advanced filtration systems, such as HEPA filters and UV germicidal irradiation, which deactivate pathogens. Enhanced ventilation in buildings and public spaces also reduces the concentration of airborne pathogens. Public health initiatives play a crucial role in these strategies. Surveillance systems for early detection, rapid diagnostic tools, and vaccination programs are essential components. Integrated approaches that combine environmental microbiology and public health measures are necessary to address the complexity of pathogen transmission and to build resilience against future outbreaks. By employing advanced technologies and comprehensive public health strategies, it is possible to significantly reduce the prevalence of waterborne and airborne diseases. This holistic approach not only addresses immediate health threats but also ensures long-term sustainability and safety of environmental resources, ultimately protecting public health. Keywords: Environmental Microbiology, Waterborne, Airborne, Strategies
{"title":"Environmental microbiology and public health: Advanced strategies for mitigating waterborne and airborne pathogens to prevent disease","authors":"Aliu Olalekan Olatunji, Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1355","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental microbiology is integral to understanding and controlling pathogens that affect public health. This paper discusses advanced strategies to mitigate waterborne and airborne pathogens, aiming to prevent disease outbreaks. Waterborne pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Giardia can contaminate water supplies, causing diseases like cholera, dysentery, and giardiasis. Mitigation strategies include advanced water treatment methods such as membrane filtration, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, and the use of nanomaterials for contaminant removal. Real-time water quality monitoring using biosensors also enhances pathogen detection and response. Airborne pathogens, including viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2, as well as bacteria and fungal spores, can lead to respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19. Strategies to mitigate airborne pathogens include improving indoor air quality through advanced filtration systems, such as HEPA filters and UV germicidal irradiation, which deactivate pathogens. Enhanced ventilation in buildings and public spaces also reduces the concentration of airborne pathogens. Public health initiatives play a crucial role in these strategies. Surveillance systems for early detection, rapid diagnostic tools, and vaccination programs are essential components. Integrated approaches that combine environmental microbiology and public health measures are necessary to address the complexity of pathogen transmission and to build resilience against future outbreaks. By employing advanced technologies and comprehensive public health strategies, it is possible to significantly reduce the prevalence of waterborne and airborne diseases. This holistic approach not only addresses immediate health threats but also ensures long-term sustainability and safety of environmental resources, ultimately protecting public health. \u0000Keywords: Environmental Microbiology, Waterborne, Airborne, Strategies","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1356
Aliu Olalekan Olatunji, Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) represent a significant burden on healthcare systems, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Recent advancements in microbiome research have highlighted the potential of probiotic and prebiotic interventions to mitigate HAIs and bolster immunity. This review explores the role of the human microbiome in health and disease, focusing on the promising strategies of utilizing probiotics and prebiotics to reduce HAIs. Probiotics, comprising live beneficial bacteria, can restore and maintain a balanced gut microbiota, potentially outcompeting pathogenic organisms and enhancing host immune responses. Prebiotics, however, are non-digestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut. The synergistic effects of probiotics and prebiotics, known as symbiotic, offer an even greater potential for clinical application. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of specific probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, in preventing infections and modulating immune functions. Furthermore, prebiotics like fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have shown to enhance the growth of probiotic bacteria, thus providing a twofold protective mechanism. The integration of these interventions into clinical practice could revolutionize the prevention and management of HAIs, reducing the reliance on antibiotics and mitigating the risk of antimicrobial resistance. However, challenges such as strain-specific effects, dosage optimization, and individual variability need to be addressed through rigorous clinical trials. This review underscores the need for further research and clinical validation to harness the full potential of the human microbiome in combating HAIs and enhancing patient outcomes through probiotic and prebiotic interventions. Keywords: Human Microbiome, HAIs, Immunity.
{"title":"Harnessing the human microbiome: Probiotic and prebiotic interventions to reduce hospital-acquired infections and enhance immunity","authors":"Aliu Olalekan Olatunji, Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1356","url":null,"abstract":" Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) represent a significant burden on healthcare systems, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Recent advancements in microbiome research have highlighted the potential of probiotic and prebiotic interventions to mitigate HAIs and bolster immunity. This review explores the role of the human microbiome in health and disease, focusing on the promising strategies of utilizing probiotics and prebiotics to reduce HAIs. Probiotics, comprising live beneficial bacteria, can restore and maintain a balanced gut microbiota, potentially outcompeting pathogenic organisms and enhancing host immune responses. Prebiotics, however, are non-digestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut. The synergistic effects of probiotics and prebiotics, known as symbiotic, offer an even greater potential for clinical application. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of specific probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, in preventing infections and modulating immune functions. Furthermore, prebiotics like fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have shown to enhance the growth of probiotic bacteria, thus providing a twofold protective mechanism. The integration of these interventions into clinical practice could revolutionize the prevention and management of HAIs, reducing the reliance on antibiotics and mitigating the risk of antimicrobial resistance. However, challenges such as strain-specific effects, dosage optimization, and individual variability need to be addressed through rigorous clinical trials. This review underscores the need for further research and clinical validation to harness the full potential of the human microbiome in combating HAIs and enhancing patient outcomes through probiotic and prebiotic interventions. \u0000Keywords: Human Microbiome, HAIs, Immunity.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"24 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1357
Geneva Tamunobarafiri Igwama, Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Mojeed Dayo Ajegbile, Samira Abdul
This paper explores the challenges and solutions associated with integrating Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems across borders. Key challenges include interoperability issues, data security and privacy concerns, and infrastructure disparities. Policy barriers such as variability in health policies and legal constraints further complicate integration efforts. Proposed solutions involve developing universal interoperability standards, employing advanced technologies like blockchain, and harmonising health data regulations. The paper emphasises the importance of international cooperation and phased implementation frameworks. Future research should focus on refining standards and fostering global collaboration. This comprehensive approach aims to enhance patient care and improve health outcomes globally. Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHR), Cross-border Integration, Interoperability, Data Security.
{"title":"Integrating electronic health records systems across borders: Technical challenges and policy solutions","authors":"Geneva Tamunobarafiri Igwama, Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Mojeed Dayo Ajegbile, Samira Abdul","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i7.1357","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the challenges and solutions associated with integrating Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems across borders. Key challenges include interoperability issues, data security and privacy concerns, and infrastructure disparities. Policy barriers such as variability in health policies and legal constraints further complicate integration efforts. Proposed solutions involve developing universal interoperability standards, employing advanced technologies like blockchain, and harmonising health data regulations. The paper emphasises the importance of international cooperation and phased implementation frameworks. Future research should focus on refining standards and fostering global collaboration. This comprehensive approach aims to enhance patient care and improve health outcomes globally. \u0000Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHR), Cross-border Integration, Interoperability, Data Security.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"17 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1305
Kelly Osayi Otakhor, Elizabeth O. Soladoye
Chronic liver disease (CLD) and fibrosis represent a significant global health burden, driven by a range of etiologies including viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These conditions often progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), underscoring the urgent need for effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets offer promising avenues for early diagnosis and intervention in CLD and fibrosis. Biomarkers are crucial for the early detection and monitoring of CLD and fibrosis, allowing for timely therapeutic intervention. Serum biomarkers such as liver enzymes (ALT, AST), bilirubin, and platelet count have traditionally been used, but they lack specificity and sensitivity. Recent advances have identified novel biomarkers with improved diagnostic performance. For instance, serum levels of fibrosis markers like hyaluronic acid, procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (P3NP), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) have shown potential in assessing liver fibrosis. Additionally, non-invasive imaging techniques such as transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography provide quantitative measures of liver stiffness, correlating with fibrosis stage. The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis involves complex interactions between hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the extracellular matrix (ECM). HSCs play a central role in fibrogenesis by transforming into myofibroblasts that secrete collagen and other ECM components. Targeting the activation and proliferation of HSCs has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Small molecule inhibitors, such as those targeting the PDGF and TGF-? signaling pathways, have shown efficacy in preclinical models. Furthermore, antifibrotic agents like simtuzumab, an anti-LOXL2 monoclonal antibody, are being evaluated in clinical trials for their potential to halt or reverse fibrosis progression. Another promising approach involves the modulation of the gut-liver axis. Dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability contribute to liver inflammation and fibrosis. Probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are being explored for their potential to restore gut homeostasis and mitigate liver injury. Additionally, the role of the immune system in fibrosis has gained attention, with immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents being investigated for their ability to modulate immune responses and reduce fibrosis. Keywords: Chronic Liver Disease, Fibrosis, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets.
{"title":"Chronic liver disease and fibrosis: A review of emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets","authors":"Kelly Osayi Otakhor, Elizabeth O. Soladoye","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1305","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic liver disease (CLD) and fibrosis represent a significant global health burden, driven by a range of etiologies including viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These conditions often progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), underscoring the urgent need for effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets offer promising avenues for early diagnosis and intervention in CLD and fibrosis. Biomarkers are crucial for the early detection and monitoring of CLD and fibrosis, allowing for timely therapeutic intervention. Serum biomarkers such as liver enzymes (ALT, AST), bilirubin, and platelet count have traditionally been used, but they lack specificity and sensitivity. Recent advances have identified novel biomarkers with improved diagnostic performance. For instance, serum levels of fibrosis markers like hyaluronic acid, procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (P3NP), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) have shown potential in assessing liver fibrosis. Additionally, non-invasive imaging techniques such as transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography provide quantitative measures of liver stiffness, correlating with fibrosis stage. The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis involves complex interactions between hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the extracellular matrix (ECM). HSCs play a central role in fibrogenesis by transforming into myofibroblasts that secrete collagen and other ECM components. Targeting the activation and proliferation of HSCs has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Small molecule inhibitors, such as those targeting the PDGF and TGF-? signaling pathways, have shown efficacy in preclinical models. Furthermore, antifibrotic agents like simtuzumab, an anti-LOXL2 monoclonal antibody, are being evaluated in clinical trials for their potential to halt or reverse fibrosis progression. Another promising approach involves the modulation of the gut-liver axis. Dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability contribute to liver inflammation and fibrosis. Probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are being explored for their potential to restore gut homeostasis and mitigate liver injury. Additionally, the role of the immune system in fibrosis has gained attention, with immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents being investigated for their ability to modulate immune responses and reduce fibrosis. \u0000Keywords: Chronic Liver Disease, Fibrosis, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1228
Oluwabunmi Layode, Henry Nwapali Ndidi Naiho, Gbenga Sheriff Adeleke, Ezekiel Onyekachukwu Udeh, Talabi Temitope Labake
This study systematically reviews the intersection of cybersecurity and healthcare, aiming to identify the evolving threats, technological advancements, and the efficacy of current cybersecurity measures. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the research scrutinizes peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, and white papers from 2014 to 2023, focusing on the integration of advanced cybersecurity technologies, the impact of standards and regulations, and stakeholder implications in healthcare cybersecurity. Key findings reveal a dynamic cybersecurity landscape characterized by sophisticated threats and the critical role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and machine learning in enhancing security measures. The study underscores the importance of standards and regulations in establishing a unified cybersecurity framework and highlights the multifaceted implications for stakeholders, including healthcare providers, patients, policymakers, and technology developers. The research concludes that while significant advancements have been made in healthcare cybersecurity, challenges remain in integrating emerging technologies, educating healthcare staff, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. Strategic recommendations for healthcare leaders and policymakers include prioritizing cybersecurity as a core component of healthcare delivery, investing in cybersecurity education, and advocating for robust standards and regulations. This study contributes to the understanding of cybersecurity in healthcare, providing a foundation for future research and strategic planning to safeguard sensitive health information and ensure the resilience of healthcare services against cyber threats. Keywords: Healthcare Cybersecurity, Emerging Technologies, Standards and Regulations, Stakeholder Implications.
{"title":"The role of cybersecurity in facilitating sustainable healthcare solutions: Overcoming challenges to protect sensitive data","authors":"Oluwabunmi Layode, Henry Nwapali Ndidi Naiho, Gbenga Sheriff Adeleke, Ezekiel Onyekachukwu Udeh, Talabi Temitope Labake","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1228","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically reviews the intersection of cybersecurity and healthcare, aiming to identify the evolving threats, technological advancements, and the efficacy of current cybersecurity measures. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the research scrutinizes peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, and white papers from 2014 to 2023, focusing on the integration of advanced cybersecurity technologies, the impact of standards and regulations, and stakeholder implications in healthcare cybersecurity. Key findings reveal a dynamic cybersecurity landscape characterized by sophisticated threats and the critical role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and machine learning in enhancing security measures. The study underscores the importance of standards and regulations in establishing a unified cybersecurity framework and highlights the multifaceted implications for stakeholders, including healthcare providers, patients, policymakers, and technology developers. The research concludes that while significant advancements have been made in healthcare cybersecurity, challenges remain in integrating emerging technologies, educating healthcare staff, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. Strategic recommendations for healthcare leaders and policymakers include prioritizing cybersecurity as a core component of healthcare delivery, investing in cybersecurity education, and advocating for robust standards and regulations. This study contributes to the understanding of cybersecurity in healthcare, providing a foundation for future research and strategic planning to safeguard sensitive health information and ensure the resilience of healthcare services against cyber threats. \u0000Keywords: Healthcare Cybersecurity, Emerging Technologies, Standards and Regulations, Stakeholder Implications.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141346192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1189
Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul
Nutritional breakthroughs have the potential to revolutionize the prevention and management of liver and kidney diseases in both the United States and Africa. Liver and kidney diseases are significant public health concerns globally, with risk factors including poor diet, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Dietary interventions offer a promising approach to reducing the burden of these diseases, as diet plays a crucial role in their development and progression. In recent years, research has highlighted the importance of specific nutrients and dietary patterns in promoting liver and kidney health. For example, studies have shown that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help prevent and manage liver and kidney diseases. These foods are high in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, which play key roles in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and the risk of developing fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, emerging research suggests that certain dietary components, such as omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and prebiotics, may have protective effects on the liver and kidneys. These nutrients can help improve liver and kidney function, reduce the risk of fibrosis and kidney stones, and enhance overall organ health. In Africa, where the burden of liver and kidney diseases is rising due to urbanization and changes in dietary habits, nutritional interventions offer a cost-effective and sustainable approach to preventing these diseases. By promoting traditional African diets, which are rich in plant-based foods, fiber, and healthy fats, public health efforts can help reduce the incidence of liver and kidney diseases in the region. Overall, nutritional breakthroughs in dietary interventions offer promising strategies for preventing liver and kidney diseases in both the United States and Africa. By promoting healthy eating habits and incorporating key nutrients into daily diets, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their liver and kidney health. Keywords: Nutritional Breakthroughs; Dietary Interventions; Prevent; Liver Diseases; Kidney Diseases.
{"title":"Nutritional breakthroughs: Dietary interventions to prevent liver and kidney diseases in the US and Africa","authors":"Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1189","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional breakthroughs have the potential to revolutionize the prevention and management of liver and kidney diseases in both the United States and Africa. Liver and kidney diseases are significant public health concerns globally, with risk factors including poor diet, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Dietary interventions offer a promising approach to reducing the burden of these diseases, as diet plays a crucial role in their development and progression. In recent years, research has highlighted the importance of specific nutrients and dietary patterns in promoting liver and kidney health. For example, studies have shown that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help prevent and manage liver and kidney diseases. These foods are high in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, which play key roles in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and the risk of developing fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, emerging research suggests that certain dietary components, such as omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and prebiotics, may have protective effects on the liver and kidneys. These nutrients can help improve liver and kidney function, reduce the risk of fibrosis and kidney stones, and enhance overall organ health. In Africa, where the burden of liver and kidney diseases is rising due to urbanization and changes in dietary habits, nutritional interventions offer a cost-effective and sustainable approach to preventing these diseases. By promoting traditional African diets, which are rich in plant-based foods, fiber, and healthy fats, public health efforts can help reduce the incidence of liver and kidney diseases in the region. Overall, nutritional breakthroughs in dietary interventions offer promising strategies for preventing liver and kidney diseases in both the United States and Africa. By promoting healthy eating habits and incorporating key nutrients into daily diets, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their liver and kidney health. \u0000Keywords: Nutritional Breakthroughs; Dietary Interventions; Prevent; Liver Diseases; Kidney Diseases.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"29 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1190
Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile health data has ushered in a new era of real-time infectious disease surveillance, offering unprecedented insights into disease dynamics and enabling proactive public health interventions. This paper explores the innovative applications of AI and mobile data in transforming traditional surveillance systems for infectious diseases. By harnessing the power of AI algorithms, coupled with the vast amount of data generated from mobile devices, researchers and public health authorities can now monitor disease outbreaks in real-time with greater accuracy and efficiency. AI-driven predictive models analyze diverse datasets, including demographic information, travel patterns, and social media activity, to detect early signs of disease emergence and predict potential outbreaks. The use of mobile health data provides a wealth of information that was previously inaccessible to traditional surveillance methods. Mobile apps, wearables, and other connected devices enable continuous monitoring of individuals' health indicators, allowing for early detection of symptoms and rapid response to potential threats. Furthermore, geolocation data from mobile devices facilitates the tracking of population movements and the identification of high-risk areas for disease transmission. However, this innovative approach to infectious disease surveillance also presents challenges and ethical considerations. Privacy concerns regarding the collection and use of mobile health data must be carefully addressed to ensure individuals' rights are protected. Additionally, issues related to data quality, interoperability, and algorithm bias need to be mitigated to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of AI-driven surveillance systems. In conclusion, the integration of AI and mobile health data holds immense promise for revolutionizing real-time infectious disease surveillance. By leveraging these technologies, public health authorities can gain valuable insights into disease dynamics, enhance early detection capabilities, and implement targeted interventions to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. However, it is essential to address the challenges and ethical considerations associated with this approach to ensure its responsible and effective implementation. Keywords: Innovations, Real-Time Infectious Disease, Surveillance, AI, Mobile Data.
{"title":"Innovations in real-time infectious disease surveillance using AI and mobile data","authors":"Janet Aderonke Olaboye, Chukwudi Cosmos Maha, Tolulope Olagoke Kolawole, Samira Abdul","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i6.1190","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile health data has ushered in a new era of real-time infectious disease surveillance, offering unprecedented insights into disease dynamics and enabling proactive public health interventions. This paper explores the innovative applications of AI and mobile data in transforming traditional surveillance systems for infectious diseases. By harnessing the power of AI algorithms, coupled with the vast amount of data generated from mobile devices, researchers and public health authorities can now monitor disease outbreaks in real-time with greater accuracy and efficiency. AI-driven predictive models analyze diverse datasets, including demographic information, travel patterns, and social media activity, to detect early signs of disease emergence and predict potential outbreaks. The use of mobile health data provides a wealth of information that was previously inaccessible to traditional surveillance methods. Mobile apps, wearables, and other connected devices enable continuous monitoring of individuals' health indicators, allowing for early detection of symptoms and rapid response to potential threats. Furthermore, geolocation data from mobile devices facilitates the tracking of population movements and the identification of high-risk areas for disease transmission. However, this innovative approach to infectious disease surveillance also presents challenges and ethical considerations. Privacy concerns regarding the collection and use of mobile health data must be carefully addressed to ensure individuals' rights are protected. Additionally, issues related to data quality, interoperability, and algorithm bias need to be mitigated to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of AI-driven surveillance systems. In conclusion, the integration of AI and mobile health data holds immense promise for revolutionizing real-time infectious disease surveillance. By leveraging these technologies, public health authorities can gain valuable insights into disease dynamics, enhance early detection capabilities, and implement targeted interventions to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. However, it is essential to address the challenges and ethical considerations associated with this approach to ensure its responsible and effective implementation. \u0000Keywords: Innovations, Real-Time Infectious Disease, Surveillance, AI, Mobile Data.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1129
Katherine Ning li, Zhiyuan Tan
Resting heart rate, as a vital physiological indicator, holds significant potential in monitoring the training load intensity of football players. This paper systematically explores the concept, role, and application of resting heart rate in football player training. Firstly, it elucidates the concept and role of resting heart rate, including its indication of health status and training adaptation. Secondly, it discusses the importance of resting heart rate in evaluating the training load intensity of football players and proposes corresponding practical application methods. Lastly, it offers some suggestions to facilitate the effective utilization of resting heart rate in football player training. By following these recommendations, coaches and athletes can effectively utilize resting heart rate to optimize training programs for football players, improving their performance and reducing the risk of injury. Keywords: Resting Heart Rate (RHR), Football Players, Training Load, Medical Supervision.
{"title":"Application strategies of resting heart rate for monitoring training load intensity in football players","authors":"Katherine Ning li, Zhiyuan Tan","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1129","url":null,"abstract":"Resting heart rate, as a vital physiological indicator, holds significant potential in monitoring the training load intensity of football players. This paper systematically explores the concept, role, and application of resting heart rate in football player training. Firstly, it elucidates the concept and role of resting heart rate, including its indication of health status and training adaptation. Secondly, it discusses the importance of resting heart rate in evaluating the training load intensity of football players and proposes corresponding practical application methods. Lastly, it offers some suggestions to facilitate the effective utilization of resting heart rate in football player training. By following these recommendations, coaches and athletes can effectively utilize resting heart rate to optimize training programs for football players, improving their performance and reducing the risk of injury. \u0000Keywords: Resting Heart Rate (RHR), Football Players, Training Load, Medical Supervision.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"117 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-05DOI: 10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1120
Charles Chukwudalu Ebulue, Ogochukwu Virginia Ekkeh, Ogochukwu Roseline Ebulue, Chukwunonso Sylvester Ekesiobi
Vaccine distribution in resource-limited settings remains a crucial global health challenge, exacerbated by factors such as inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and complex supply chains. Leveraging machine learning (ML) holds promise for optimizing distribution efficiency and ensuring equitable access to life-saving vaccines. This paper synthesizes various ML approaches aimed at addressing vaccine distribution challenges in resource-constrained environments. The literature review examines existing research on ML applications in healthcare and vaccine distribution, highlighting key findings and methodologies. Methodologically, criteria were established for selecting relevant studies, with a focus on ML techniques and their effectiveness in resource-limited contexts. Key ML approaches identified include predictive analytics for demand forecasting, route optimization algorithms for efficient vaccine delivery, and decision support systems for prioritizing distribution efforts. Case studies illustrate successful ML implementations in real-world settings, showcasing improved vaccine coverage and reduced wastage. Despite promising results, challenges persist, including data scarcity, model generalization, and ethical considerations. Future research directions include enhancing data collection methods, refining ML algorithms for specific contexts, and integrating ML solutions into existing healthcare systems. In conclusion, this synthesis underscores the transformative potential of ML in revolutionizing vaccine distribution in resource-limited settings. By addressing logistical barriers and optimizing resource allocation, ML-driven approaches offer a pathway towards achieving universal immunization coverage and mitigating the impact of infectious diseases on vulnerable populations. Keywords: Machine Learning, Vaccine Distribution, Resource-Limited Settings, Synthesis of Approaches.
在资源有限的环境中分发疫苗仍然是全球健康面临的一项重要挑战，基础设施不足、资源有限和供应链复杂等因素加剧了这一挑战。利用机器学习（ML）有望优化分发效率，确保公平获得救命疫苗。本文综述了旨在应对资源有限环境下疫苗分发挑战的各种 ML 方法。文献综述审查了有关 ML 在医疗保健和疫苗分发领域应用的现有研究，重点介绍了主要研究成果和方法。在方法论上，为选择相关研究制定了标准，重点关注 ML 技术及其在资源有限环境中的有效性。 已确定的主要 ML 方法包括需求预测的预测分析、高效运送疫苗的路线优化算法以及确定分发工作优先次序的决策支持系统。案例研究说明了在实际环境中成功实施的 ML，展示了疫苗覆盖率的提高和浪费的减少。尽管成果喜人，但挑战依然存在，包括数据稀缺、模型泛化和伦理考虑。未来的研究方向包括改进数据收集方法、针对具体情况完善 ML 算法，以及将 ML 解决方案整合到现有的医疗保健系统中。总之，本综述强调了 ML 在彻底改变资源有限环境中疫苗分配方面的变革潜力。通过解决后勤障碍和优化资源分配，ML 驱动的方法为实现全民免疫覆盖和减轻传染病对弱势群体的影响提供了一条途径。关键词 机器学习 疫苗分发 资源有限环境 方法综述
{"title":"Leveraging machine learning for vaccine distribution in resource-limited settings: A synthesis of approaches","authors":"Charles Chukwudalu Ebulue, Ogochukwu Virginia Ekkeh, Ogochukwu Roseline Ebulue, Chukwunonso Sylvester Ekesiobi","doi":"10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i5.1120","url":null,"abstract":" Vaccine distribution in resource-limited settings remains a crucial global health challenge, exacerbated by factors such as inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and complex supply chains. Leveraging machine learning (ML) holds promise for optimizing distribution efficiency and ensuring equitable access to life-saving vaccines. This paper synthesizes various ML approaches aimed at addressing vaccine distribution challenges in resource-constrained environments. The literature review examines existing research on ML applications in healthcare and vaccine distribution, highlighting key findings and methodologies. Methodologically, criteria were established for selecting relevant studies, with a focus on ML techniques and their effectiveness in resource-limited contexts. Key ML approaches identified include predictive analytics for demand forecasting, route optimization algorithms for efficient vaccine delivery, and decision support systems for prioritizing distribution efforts. Case studies illustrate successful ML implementations in real-world settings, showcasing improved vaccine coverage and reduced wastage. Despite promising results, challenges persist, including data scarcity, model generalization, and ethical considerations. Future research directions include enhancing data collection methods, refining ML algorithms for specific contexts, and integrating ML solutions into existing healthcare systems. In conclusion, this synthesis underscores the transformative potential of ML in revolutionizing vaccine distribution in resource-limited settings. By addressing logistical barriers and optimizing resource allocation, ML-driven approaches offer a pathway towards achieving universal immunization coverage and mitigating the impact of infectious diseases on vulnerable populations. \u0000Keywords: Machine Learning, Vaccine Distribution, Resource-Limited Settings, Synthesis of Approaches.","PeriodicalId":508118,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Science Research Journal","volume":"288 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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