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Adaptive parameter local consistency automatic outlier removal algorithm for area-based matching 基于区域匹配的自适应参数局部一致性自动离群点去除算法
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-2024-99-2024
Tao Huang, Hongbo Pan, Nanxi Zhou
Abstract. Due to the influence of image differences and matching methods, geometric calibration of remote sensing images often results in the extraction of control points with inevitable outliers. Moreover, it is susceptible to limitations imposed by locally constrained outlier rejection methods, making it challenging to automatically remove relatively small gross errors. This paper introduces an adaptive parameter local consistency automatic outlier removal algorithm, referred to as APLC. Initially, we construct k-nearest neighbors for each pair of matching points, deriving distance and topological uncertainty based on the accuracy of point matching. Subsequently, we conduct cross-validation on the uncertainty between the two pairs of vectors formed by points within the neighborhood, aiming for parameter adaptation. Finally, a cost-defined function is introduced to assess the consistency of local structures. Through a two-stage outlier removal strategy, matching points that do not maintain local structural consistency are eliminated. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we conduct experimental comparisons using region-based initial matching results from the FY-3D remote sensing dataset, demonstrating its superiority compared to three state-of-the-art methods.
摘要由于图像差异和匹配方法的影响,遥感图像的几何校准往往会导致控制点的提取不可避免地出现离群值。此外,它还容易受到局部约束离群值剔除方法的限制,使得自动剔除相对较小的粗大误差具有挑战性。本文介绍了一种自适应参数局部一致性自动离群点剔除算法,简称 APLC。首先,我们为每对匹配点构建 k 个近邻,根据点匹配的准确性推导出距离和拓扑不确定性。随后,我们对邻域内的点所形成的两对向量之间的不确定性进行交叉验证,以达到参数调整的目的。最后,我们引入了一个成本定义函数来评估局部结构的一致性。通过两阶段离群点去除策略,剔除不能保持局部结构一致性的匹配点。为了评估所提算法的有效性,我们使用 FY-3D 遥感数据集的基于区域的初始匹配结果进行了实验比较,结果表明该算法优于三种最先进的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Seasonal Comparison of Land Surface Temperature Dominant Factors in the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原地表温度主导因素的季节比较探索
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-2024-197-2024
Qinghong Sheng, Yuejie Zhang, Kerui Li, Xiao Ling, Jun Li
Abstract. LST (Land Surface Temperature) is a significant parameter that represents the ground energy balance and plays a crucial role in understanding climate change. The LST of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has a direct influence on the climate and environmental changes of the TP, and it also has a significant impact on global climate and atmospheric circulation. Although there are various factors that drive the spatial and temporal distribution of LST on the TP, the primary driving forces and its seasonal variations of LST are not yet well understood. The research focuses specifically on the TP region, selecting three types of LST data, using geodetector model, to analyze the driving factors affecting the spatial pattern of LST in different seasons. The results indicate that the three factors, Air Temperature (AT), Elevation (Ele), and Permafrost Thermal Stability (PTS), have a significant influence on LST throughout all seasons, whereas other variables demonstrate varying contributions to LST depending on the season. This study contributes to the understanding of the spatial variability of surface thermal conditions and the intricate relationships between their driving factors. It also emphasizes the potential changes in these relationships throughout the year.
摘要陆面温度(LST)是代表地面能量平衡的一个重要参数,在理解气候变化方面起着至关重要的作用。青藏高原的地表温度直接影响青藏高原的气候和环境变化,对全球气候和大气环流也有重要影响。尽管青藏高原 LST 的时空分布受多种因素的影响,但其主要驱动力及其季节变化尚未得到充分认识。本研究专门针对大埔地区,选取三类 LST 数据,利用地球探测仪模型,分析影响不同季节 LST 空间格局的驱动因素。结果表明,气温(AT)、海拔(Ele)和冻土热稳定性(PTS)这三个因素在所有季节都对 LST 有显著影响,而其他变量在不同季节对 LST 的影响则各不相同。这项研究有助于了解地表热状况的空间变化及其驱动因素之间错综复杂的关系。它还强调了这些关系在全年中的潜在变化。
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引用次数: 0
Updating Orthophotos around Gas Pipelines based on "Cloud Control" Photogrammetry 基于 "云控制 "摄影测量更新天然气管道周围的正射影像图
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-2024-191-2024
Lei Qin, Yawen Liu, Xinbo Zhao, Yansong Duan
Abstract. As a clean energy source, natural gas is widely used and primarily transported through long-distance pipelines. Regular maintenance and inspection of long-distance gas pipelines are crucial tasks. Due to the extensive coverage and distance of these pipelines, the workload is enormous. It is necessary to first identify areas of change, which can be carried out using multiple sets of orthophotos produced by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, UAV images have small footprints and significant geometric distortions, requiring a large number of ground control points (GCPs) for accurate positioning. Measuring these points in the field is challenging and time-consuming, becoming a key factor limiting the rapid production of orthophotos. To overcome this challenge, this paper introduces the "cloud control" photogrammetry technology to achieve fully automatic updates of orthophotos around long-distance pipelines, providing foundational data for the maintenance and inspection of these gas pipelines. This method replaces GCPs with images containing known orientation parameters, serving as control information. By matching tie points between new and old images, the "cloud control points" are transferred to the new images, enabling the image registration and production of orthophotos. The experiments conducted on the Fumin and Zhaotong segments of a long-distance gas pipeline in Yunnan Province demonstrate that, for UAV images with a ground resolution of 0.05 meters, using the "cloud control" method achieves a planar accuracy of 0.05 meters and an elevation accuracy of 0.07 meters. These results are comparable to the accuracy obtained by orienting the results using GCPs.
摘要天然气作为一种清洁能源被广泛使用,主要通过长输管道运输。天然气长输管道的定期维护和检查是一项重要任务。由于这些管道覆盖面广、距离远,工作量巨大。首先需要确定变化区域,这可以使用无人机(UAV)拍摄的多套正射影像图来完成。然而,无人机图像的足迹较小,几何失真严重,需要大量的地面控制点(GCP)来进行精确定位。实地测量这些点既具有挑战性又耗费时间,成为限制正射影像图快速制作的关键因素。为了克服这一挑战,本文介绍了 "云控制 "摄影测量技术,以实现长输管道周围正射影像的全自动更新,为这些天然气管道的维护和检查提供基础数据。这种方法用包含已知方位参数的图像取代 GCP,作为控制信息。通过匹配新旧图像之间的连接点,将 "云控制点 "转移到新图像上,从而实现图像注册并制作正射影像图。在云南省天然气长输管道富民段和昭通段进行的实验表明,对于地面分辨率为 0.05 米的无人机图像,使用 "云控制 "方法可实现 0.05 米的平面精度和 0.07 米的高程精度。这些结果与使用全球定位系统(GCP)确定方向所获得的精度相当。
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引用次数: 0
Full-scale semantic segmentation of hyperspectral imaging based on spatial spatial-spectral joint network 基于空间-空间-光谱联合网络的高光谱成像全尺寸语义分割
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-2024-267-2024
Hao Wu, Canhai Li, Yongchang Li
Abstract. Hyperspectral images contain dozens or even hundreds of spectral bands, which contain rich spectral information and help distinguish different ground objects. Hyperspectral images have a wide range of applications in urban planning, environmental monitoring, and other fields. The semantic segmentation of hyperspectral images is one of the current research hotspots. The difficulty lies in the rich spectral information and strong correlation of hyperspectral images. Traditional semantic segmentation methods cannot fully extract information, which affects the accuracy of classification. This article utilizes an encoding decoding structure to simultaneously extract deep and shallow features of images. A REGCS convolution module was constructed using the idea of group convolution to extract spectral and spatial features of images. We compared the Salinas Valley dataset and MUUFL dataset with various classification algorithms. The experimental results show that compared with other classification models, the RESSU model has achieved stable and excellent results in hyperspectral image classification experiments. Among them, in the classification experiment of the Salinas Valley dataset, the accuracy of single class classification reached over 92%. In the effectiveness analysis experiment, we calculated different model parameter quantities to verify the performance of our method, and ultimately achieved good results.
摘要高光谱图像包含数十个甚至数百个光谱带,其中包含丰富的光谱信息,有助于区分不同的地面物体。高光谱图像在城市规划、环境监测等领域有着广泛的应用。高光谱图像的语义分割是当前的研究热点之一。其难点在于高光谱图像具有丰富的光谱信息和较强的相关性。传统的语义分割方法无法充分提取信息,影响了分类的准确性。本文利用编码解码结构同时提取图像的深层和浅层特征。利用群卷积的思想构建了一个 REGCS 卷积模块,以提取图像的光谱和空间特征。我们将 Salinas Valley 数据集和 MUUFL 数据集与各种分类算法进行了比较。实验结果表明,与其他分类模型相比,RESSU 模型在高光谱图像分类实验中取得了稳定而优异的结果。其中,在萨利纳斯谷数据集的分类实验中,单类分类准确率达到 92% 以上。在效果分析实验中,我们计算了不同的模型参数量来验证方法的性能,最终取得了良好的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Few-shot SAR vehicle target augmentation based on generative adversarial networks 基于生成式对抗网络的少发合成孔径雷达飞行器目标增强技术
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-2024-83-2024
Dan Gao, Xiaofang Wu, Zhijin Wen, Yue Xu, Zhengchao Chen
Abstract. The study of few-shot SAR image generation is an effective way to expand the SAR dataset, which not only provides diversified data support for SAR target classification, but also provides a high-fidelity false image template for SAR deceptive jamming. In this paper, we have constructed a multi-frequency and multi-target type SAR vehicle imagery dataset that encompasses frequencies such as X, Ka, P, and S bands. The vehicle types are coaster, suv and cabin. Subsequently, we utilized various Generative Adversarial Networks for image generation from the SAR vehicle dataset. The experimental result indicates that the images generated by the DCGAN and the LSGAN models are of superior quality. Furthermore, we employed different recognition networks to evaluate the classification accuracy of the generated images. Of all the frequency bands, the Ka band generated images achieved the highest recognition rate, with an accuracy of up to 99%. Under conditions of a limited number of samples, the LSGAN model performed the best, reaching a classification recognition rate of 71.48% with a dataset of only 20 samples. Finally, we use a conditional network generation model to generate conditions based on target categories and frequency bands, providing high fidelity samples for SAR deception jamming.
摘要少发 SAR 图像生成研究是拓展 SAR 数据集的有效途径,不仅能为 SAR 目标分类提供多样化的数据支持,还能为 SAR 欺骗性干扰提供高保真的虚假图像模板。本文构建了一个多频率、多目标类型的 SAR 车辆图像数据集,涵盖 X、Ka、P 和 S 波段。车辆类型包括飞车、越野车和客舱。随后,我们利用各种生成对抗网络从合成孔径雷达车辆数据集生成图像。实验结果表明,DCGAN 和 LSGAN 模型生成的图像质量上乘。此外,我们还采用了不同的识别网络来评估生成图像的分类准确性。在所有频段中,Ka 频段生成的图像识别率最高,准确率高达 99%。在样本数量有限的条件下,LSGAN 模型表现最佳,在只有 20 个样本的数据集上,分类识别率达到 71.48%。最后,我们使用条件网络生成模型,根据目标类别和频段生成条件,为合成孔径雷达欺骗干扰提供高保真样本。
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引用次数: 0
A method for hierarchical weighted fitting of regular grid DSM with discrete points 离散点规则网格 DSM 的分层加权拟合方法
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-2024-91-2024
Haoran Guo, Weijun Li, J. Dong, Yansong Duan
Abstract. A Digital Surface Model (DSM) is a crucial spatial geographic information data used to describe the shape of the earth’s surface in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). DSM is the core data used in terrain analysis in GIS. A regular grid DSM is generally generated by interpolating a large number of discrete point clouds. This paper proposes a method of using a hierarchical weighted strategy to fit a regular grid DSM with discrete points. This method uses a pyramid hierarchical strategy to refine the target regular grid from one grid with finer parameters of 3*3, until the nth level (the interval of the grid is equal to the expected interval), and then gradually places the discrete point cloud into the corresponding grid by weighted averaging, and uses the result of this level as the initial value of the next level. This algorithm can avoid the problem of low efficiency in retrieving a large number of discrete point clouds, and the indirect interpolation method not considering the contribution of distant neighboring point clouds. The operation of point cloud data is a stream operation, which does not require consideration of the topological information of point clouds, and has simple operation and no additional memory consumption. It is especially suitable for the production of regular grid DSM with massive point clouds. To verify the effectiveness of this method, the article selected six typical terrain data such as high mountains, mountains, hills, plains, urban areas, and lakes for experiments. The results show that compared with the construct-TIN method for producing DSM, this method has very good processing accuracy and processing efficiency.
摘要数字地表模型(DSM)是地理信息系统(GIS)中用来描述地球表面形状的重要空间地理信息数据。DSM 是 GIS 中用于地形分析的核心数据。规则网格 DSM 通常由大量离散点云插值生成。本文提出了一种使用分层加权策略拟合离散点的规则网格 DSM 的方法。该方法采用金字塔分层策略,从参数更细的 3*3 的一个网格开始细化目标规则网格,直到第 n 层(网格的间隔等于期望间隔),然后通过加权平均将离散点云逐步放入相应的网格中,并将这一层的结果作为下一层的初始值。这种算法可以避免大量离散点云检索效率低的问题,也避免了间接插值法不考虑远邻点云贡献的问题。对点云数据的操作是流操作,不需要考虑点云的拓扑信息,操作简单,不额外消耗内存。它特别适用于制作具有海量点云的规则网格 DSM。为了验证该方法的有效性,文章选取了高山、山地、丘陵、平原、城区、湖泊等六种典型地形数据进行实验。结果表明,与构造-TIN 生成 DSM 的方法相比,该方法具有很好的处理精度和处理效率。
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引用次数: 0
Simultaneous Calibration of Multiple Cameras and Generation of Omnidirectional Images 同时校准多台相机并生成全向图像
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-2024-183-2024
José M. Pacheco, A. Tommaselli
Abstract. Omnidirectional images are increasingly being used in various areas, such as urban mapping, virtual reality, agriculture, and robotics. These images can be generated by different acquisition systems, including multi-camera systems, which can acquire higher-resolution images. Stitching techniques are often used and can be suitable for non-metric applications, but rigorous photogrammetric processing is recommended when having more accurate requirements. The main challenges related to this kind of product are the system calibration and the generation of the final omnidirectional images. When using multi-camera systems, the displacement of the cameras' perspective centres can affect the generation of the omnidirectional images and the resulting accuracy. A common approach to minimising the resulting parallax error is to establish a value for the projection cylinder radius as close as possible to the object's depth. This work proposes a highly accurate simultaneous calibration technique for multiple camera systems using self-calibrating bundle adjustment with constraints of stability of the relative orientation parameters. These parameters are later used to generate a projecting cylindrical surface, maintaining the original camera perspective centres and relative orientation angles. The experiments show that using constraints improved both the calibration results and the final omnidirectional images. Residual mismatches between points in overlapping areas are subpixel.
摘要全方位图像正越来越多地应用于城市制图、虚拟现实、农业和机器人等各个领域。这些图像可由不同的采集系统生成,包括可采集更高分辨率图像的多摄像头系统。拼接技术经常被使用,适用于非测量应用,但如果有更精确的要求,建议进行严格的摄影测量处理。与此类产品相关的主要挑战是系统校准和最终全向图像的生成。在使用多相机系统时,相机透视中心的位移会影响全向图像的生成和精度。将视差误差最小化的常用方法是确定一个尽可能接近物体深度的投影圆柱体半径值。这项工作提出了一种高精度的多相机系统同步校准技术,该技术使用自校准捆绑调整,并限制相对方向参数的稳定性。这些参数随后用于生成一个投影圆柱面,同时保持原有的摄像机透视中心和相对方向角。实验结果表明,使用约束条件可以改善校准结果和最终的全向图像。重叠区域内各点之间的残余不匹配度为亚像素级。
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引用次数: 0
Preface: Workshop “GeoHB 2023: Geo-Spatial Computing for Understanding Human Behaviours” 前言研讨会 "GeoHB 2023:了解人类行为的地理空间计算 "研讨会
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-1157-2023
W. Huang, B. Y. Chen, F. Biljecki, Y. Yan, Y. Grinberger, H. Li
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引用次数: 0
Preface: Workshop “IAMS - Intelligent Autonomous Mapping Systems” 前言IAMS - 智能自主测绘系统 "研讨会
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-1159-2023
F. Nex, F. Chiabrando, E. Honkavaara
{"title":"Preface: Workshop “IAMS - Intelligent Autonomous Mapping Systems”","authors":"F. Nex, F. Chiabrando, E. Honkavaara","doi":"10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-1159-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-1159-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p> </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":508124,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"51 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preface: Workshop “Laser Scanning 2023” 前言2023 年激光扫描 "研讨会
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-1163-2023
J. Boehm, B. Yang, M. Weinmann, K. Anders, R. Wang
{"title":"Preface: Workshop “Laser Scanning 2023”","authors":"J. Boehm, B. Yang, M. Weinmann, K. Anders, R. Wang","doi":"10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-1163-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-1163-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p> </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":508124,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","volume":"817 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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