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Using n-ary multi-modal logics in argumentation frameworks to reason about ethics 在论证框架中使用 nary 多模态逻辑进行伦理推理
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220301
Christopher Leturc, Grégory Bonnet
Autonomous behaviors may raise ethical issues that agents must consider in their reasoning. Some approaches use deontic logics, while others consider a value-based argumentation framework. However, no work combines both modal logic and argumentation to reason about ethics. Hence, we propose a new argumentation framework where arguments are built from a n-ary multi-modal logic. It allows to express different kinds of operators, e.g. nullary choice or moral worth operators, dyadic deontic operators or mental states. However the standard attacks based on logical contradictions are no longer sufficient to catch an intuitive meaning for attacks. Hence, we enrich standard attacks by characterizing how oppositions between modal operators arise. Furthermore we show the standard logic-based attacks have a quasi-symmetry property, i.e. when an argument attacks another, this argument is necessarily attacked by another one. Our modal attacks do not have this property, which is highly relevant to decide a dilemma.
自主行为可能会引发伦理问题,代理人在推理时必须加以考虑。一些方法使用了deontic 逻辑,而另一些方法则考虑了基于价值的论证框架。然而,目前还没有研究将模态逻辑和论证结合起来进行伦理推理。因此,我们提出了一个新的论证框架,在这个框架中,论据由 nary 多模态逻辑构建。它允许表达不同类型的运算符,例如空值选择或道德价值运算符、二元deontic运算符或心理状态。然而,基于逻辑矛盾的标准攻击已不足以为攻击提供直观的意义。因此,我们通过描述模态算子之间的对立是如何产生的来丰富标准攻击。此外,我们还证明了基于逻辑的标准攻击具有准对称性,即当一个论证攻击另一个论证时,这个论证必然会受到另一个论证的攻击。而我们的模态攻击不具备这一特性,而这一点对于破解两难问题非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Entity alignment with fusing relation representation 用融合关系表示法进行实体对齐
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220214
Li Feng Ying, Li Jia Peng, Dong Rong Sheng
Entity alignment is the task of identifying entities from different knowledge graphs (KGs) that point to the same item and is important for KG fusion. In the real world, due to the heterogeneity between different KGs, equivalent entities often have different relations around them, so it is difficult for Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to accurately learn the relation information in the KGs. Moreover, to solve the problem regarding inadequate utilisation of relation information in entity alignment, a novel GCN-based model, joint Unsupervised Relation Alignment for Entity Alignment (URAEA), is proposed. The model first employs a novel method for calculating relation embeddings by using entity embeddings, then constructs unsupervised seed relation alignments through these relation embeddings, and finally performs entity alignment together with relation alignment. In addition, the seed entity alignments are expanded based on the generated seed relation alignments. Experiments conducted on three real-world datasets show that this approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
实体对齐是指识别不同知识图谱(KG)中指向同一项目的实体,对于知识图谱融合非常重要。在现实世界中,由于不同知识图谱之间存在异质性,等同的实体周围往往存在不同的关系,因此图卷积网络(GCN)很难准确地学习知识图谱中的关系信息。此外,为了解决实体配准中关系信息利用不足的问题,我们提出了一种基于 GCN 的新型模型--实体配准的无监督关系配准(URAEA)。该模型首先采用一种新方法通过实体嵌入计算关系嵌入,然后通过这些关系嵌入构建无监督的种子关系对齐,最后在进行实体对齐的同时进行关系对齐。此外,种子实体配准会根据生成的种子关系配准进行扩展。在三个真实世界数据集上进行的实验表明,这种方法优于最先进的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Conception and evaluation of anomaly detection models for monitoring analytical parameters in wastewater treatment plants 监测污水处理厂分析参数的异常检测模型的构思与评估
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.3233/aic-230064
P. Oliveira, M. Salomé Duarte, Paulo Novais
The exponential growth of technology in recent decades has led to the emergence of some challenges inherent to this growth. One of these challenges is the enormous amount of data collected by the different sensors in our society, namely in management processes such as Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). These infrastructures comprise several processes to treat wastewater and discharge clean water in water courses. Therefore, the concentration of pollutants must be below the allowable emissions limits. In this work, anomaly detection models were conceived, tuned and evaluated to monitor essential parameters such as nitrate and ammonia concentrations and pH to improve WWTP management. Four Machine Learning models were considered, particularly Local Outlier Fraction, Isolation Forest, One-Class Support Vector Machines and Long Short-Term Memory-Autoencoders (LSTM-AE), to detect anomalies in the three parameters mentioned. Through the different experiments, it was possible to verify that, in terms of F1-Score, the best candidate model for the three analyzed parameters was LSTM-AE-based, with a value consistently higher than 97%.
近几十年来,技术呈指数级增长,由此带来了一些固有的挑战。其中一个挑战是社会中不同传感器收集的大量数据,即污水处理厂(WWTP)等管理过程中的数据。这些基础设施包括处理废水和向水道排放清洁水的多个过程。因此,污染物的浓度必须低于允许的排放限值。在这项工作中,对异常检测模型进行了构思、调整和评估,以监测硝酸盐、氨浓度和 pH 值等重要参数,从而改善污水处理厂的管理。考虑了四种机器学习模型,特别是局部离群分数、隔离森林、单类支持向量机和长短期记忆自动编码器(LSTM-AE),以检测上述三个参数中的异常情况。通过不同的实验,可以验证就 F1 分数而言,三个分析参数的最佳候选模型是基于 LSTM-AE 的,其值始终高于 97%。
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引用次数: 0
GWS: Rotation object detection in aerial remote sensing images based on Gauss–Wasserstein scattering GWS:基于高斯-瓦瑟斯坦散射的航空遥感图像旋转物体检测
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.3233/aic-230135
Ling Gan, Xiaodong Tan, Liuhui Hu
The majority of existing rotating target detectors inherit the horizontal detection paradigm and design the rotational regression loss based on the inductive paradigm. But the loss design limitation of the inductive paradigm makes these detectors hardly detect effectively tiny targets with high accuracy, particularly for large-aspect-ratio objects. Therefore, in view of the fact that horizontal detection is a special scenario of rotating target detection and based on the relationship between rotational and horizontal detection, we shift from an inductive to a deductive paradigm of design to develop a new regression loss function named Gauss–Wasserstein scattering (GWS). First, the rotating bounding box is transformed into a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution, and then the regression losses between Gaussian distributions are calculated as the Wasserstein scatter; By analyzing the gradient of centroid regression, centroid regression is shown to be able to adjust gradients dynamically based on object characteristics, and small targets requiring high accuracy detection rely on this mechanism, and more importantly, it is further demonstrated that GWS is scale-invariant while possessing an explicit regression logic. The method is performed on a large public remote sensing dataset DOTA and two popular detectors and achieves a large accuracy improvement in both large aspect ratio targets and small targets detection compared to similar methods.
现有的旋转目标探测器大多继承了水平探测范式,并根据感应范式设计旋转回归损耗。但归纳范式的损耗设计局限性使得这些检测器很难有效地检测到高精度的微小目标,尤其是大宽比物体。因此,鉴于水平探测是旋转目标探测的一种特殊情况,并基于旋转探测与水平探测之间的关系,我们将设计范式从归纳法转向演绎法,开发了一种名为高斯-瓦瑟斯坦散射(GWS)的新回归损耗函数。首先,将旋转边界框转换为二维高斯分布,然后计算高斯分布之间的回归损失,即瓦瑟斯坦散射;通过分析中心点回归的梯度,证明中心点回归能够根据物体特征动态调整梯度,而需要高精度检测的小目标则依赖于这种机制,更重要的是,进一步证明了 GWS 在具有显式回归逻辑的同时,还具有规模不变性。该方法在大型公共遥感数据集 DOTA 和两种常用检测器上进行了验证,与同类方法相比,在大长宽比目标和小目标检测方面都取得了很大的精度提升。
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引用次数: 0
Semantic segmentation based on enhanced gated pyramid network with lightweight attention module 基于带轻量级注意力模块的增强型门控金字塔网络的语义分割技术
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220254
A. Viswanathan, V. S. kumar, M. Umamaheswari, V. Janarthanan, M. Jaganathan
Semantic segmentation has made tremendous progress in recent years. The development of large datasets and the regression of convolutional models have enabled effective training of very large semantic model. Nevertheless, higher capacity indicates a higher computational problem, thus preventing real-time operation. Yet, due to the limited annotations, the models may have relied heavily on the available contexts in the training data, resulting in poor generalization to previously unseen scenes. Therefore, to resolve these issues, Enhanced Gated Pyramid network (GPNet) with Lightweight Attention Module (LAM) is proposed in this paper. GPNet is used for semantic feature extraction and GPNet is enhanced by the pre-trained dilated DetNet and Dense Connection Block (DCB). LAM approach is applied to habitually rescale the different feature channels weights. LAM module can increase the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The performance of proposed method is validated using Google Colab environment with different datasets such as Cityscapes, CamVid and ADE20K. The experimental results are compared with various methods like GPNet-ResNet-101 and GPNet-ResNet-50 in terms of IoU, precision, accuracy, F1 score and recall. From the overall analysis cityscapes dataset achieves 94.82% pixel accuracy.
语义分割近年来取得了巨大的进展。大数据集的发展和卷积模型的回归使得超大型语义模型的有效训练成为可能。然而,更高的容量意味着更高的计算问题,从而阻碍了实时操作。然而,由于有限的注释,模型可能严重依赖于训练数据中的可用上下文,导致对以前未见过的场景的泛化能力差。因此,为了解决这些问题,本文提出了带有轻量级关注模块(LAM)的增强型门控金字塔网络(GPNet)。GPNet用于语义特征提取,并通过预训练的扩展DetNet和密集连接块(Dense Connection Block, DCB)对GPNet进行增强。采用LAM方法习惯性地调整不同特征通道的权重。LAM模块可以提高所提出方法的准确性和有效性。利用Google Colab环境对cityscape、CamVid和ADE20K等不同的数据集进行了性能验证。实验结果与GPNet-ResNet-101和GPNet-ResNet-50等多种方法在IoU、精密度、准确度、F1分数和召回率等方面进行了比较。从整体分析来看,城市景观数据集的像素精度达到了94.82%。
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引用次数: 0
A logical modeling of the Yōkai board game 阳海棋盘游戏的逻辑建模
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.3233/aic-230050
Jorge Fernandez, Dominique Longin, Emiliano Lorini, Frédéric Maris
We present an epistemic language for representing an artificial player’s beliefs and actions in the context of the Yōkai board game. Yōkai is a cooperative game which requires a combination of Theory of Mind (ToM), temporal and spatial reasoning to be played effectively by an artificial agent. We show that the language properly accounts for these three dimensions and that its satisfiability problem is NP-complete. This opens up the possibility of exploiting SAT techniques for automating reasoning of an artificial player in the context of the Yōkai board-game.
我们以 "阳海 "棋盘游戏为背景,介绍了一种表示人工玩家信念和行动的认识论语言。Yōkai是一种合作游戏,需要结合心智理论(ToM)、时间推理和空间推理,人工代理才能有效地进行游戏。我们的研究表明,该语言恰当地考虑了这三个维度,而且其可满足性问题是NP完备的。这就为利用 SAT 技术在阳海棋盘游戏中实现人工棋手的自动推理提供了可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective hyperparameter optimization approach with genetic algorithms towards efficient and environmentally friendly machine learning 采用遗传算法的多目标超参数优化方法,实现高效环保的机器学习
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3233/aic-230063
André M. Yokoyama, Mariza Ferro, Bruno Schulze
This paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach for developing efficient and environmentally friendly Machine Learning models. The proposed approach uses Genetic Algorithms to simultaneously optimize the accuracy, time-to-solution, and energy consumption simultaneously. This solution proposed to be part of an Automated Machine Learning pipeline and focuses on architecture and hyperparameter search. A customized Genetic Algorithm scheme and operators were developed, and its feasibility was evaluated using the XGBoost ML algorithm for classification and regression tasks. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the Genetic Algorithm for multi-objective optimization, indicating that it is possible to reduce energy consumption while minimizing predictive performance losses.
本文提出了一种多目标优化方法,用于开发高效、环保的机器学习模型。建议的方法使用遗传算法同时优化准确性、解决问题的时间和能耗。该解决方案拟作为自动机器学习管道的一部分,重点关注架构和超参数搜索。我们开发了一种定制的遗传算法方案和算子,并使用 XGBoost ML 算法对其可行性进行了评估,以完成分类和回归任务。结果证明了遗传算法在多目标优化方面的有效性,表明它有可能在减少预测性能损失的同时降低能耗。
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引用次数: 0
On the links between belief merging, the Borda voting method, and the cancellation property 1 论信念合并、Borda投票法与消去性之间的联系
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220306
Patricia Everaere, Chouaib Fellah, Sébastien Konieczny, Ramón Pino Pérez
In this work, we explore the links between the Borda voting rule and belief merging operators. More precisely, we define two families of merging operators inspired by the definition of the Borda voting rule. We also introduce a notion of cancellation in belief merging, inspired by the axiomatization of the Borda voting rule proposed by Young. This allows us to provide a characterization of the drastic merging operator and of a family of merging operators defined in a way which is similar to the Borda rule.
在这项工作中,我们探索了Borda投票规则与信念合并算子之间的联系。更准确地说,我们根据Borda投票规则的定义定义了两类合并算子。在Young提出的Borda投票规则公理化的启发下,我们还引入了信念合并中的消去概念。这允许我们提供一个剧烈合并算子和一系列合并算子的特征,定义的方式类似于Borda规则。
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引用次数: 0
Constrained incomplete argumentation frameworks: Expressiveness, complexity and enforcement 约束的不完全论证框架:表达性、复杂性和执行力
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220298
Jean-Guy Mailly
Operations like belief change or merging have been adapted to the context of abstract argumentation. However, these operations may require to express some uncertainty or some disjunction in the result, which is not representable in classical AFs. For this reason, some of these earlier works requirea set of AFs or a set of extensions as the outcome of the operation, somehow to represent a “disjunction” of AFs or extensions. In parallel, the notion of Incomplete AFs (IAFs) has been developed recently. It corresponds to AFs where the existence of some arguments or attacks may be uncertain. Each IAF can be associated with a set of classical AFs called completions, that correspond to different ways of resolving the uncertainty. While these IAFs could be good candidates for a compact representation of a disjunction of AFs, we prove that this model is not expressive enough. Then we introduce Constrained IAFs, that include a propositional formula allowing to select the set of completions used for reasoning. We prove that this model is expressive enough for representing any set of AFs, or any set of extensions. Moreover, we study the complexity of various decision problems related to the verification of extensions and the acceptability of arguments. While some of them are one level higher in the polynomial hierarchy (compared to their counterpart with standard IAFs), most of them have the same complexity than in the case of IAFs. Finally, we show that CIAFs can be used to model a new form of extension enforcement, where the possible evolutions of an AF are taken into account and modeled by the completions of the CIAF.
像信念改变或合并这样的操作已经适应了抽象论证的背景。然而,这些操作可能需要在结果中表达一些不确定性或一些脱节,这在经典的AFs中是无法表示的。由于这个原因,一些早期的工作需要一组AFs或一组扩展作为操作的结果,以某种方式表示AFs或扩展的“分离”。与此同时,不完全AFs (IAFs)的概念最近也得到了发展。它对应于一些论据或攻击的存在可能是不确定的AFs。每个IAF都可以与一组称为完井的经典af相关联,它们对应于解决不确定性的不同方法。虽然这些iaf可能是AFs分离的紧凑表示的良好候选者,但我们证明该模型的表达能力不够。然后,我们引入了约束iaf,其中包括一个命题公式,允许选择用于推理的补全集。我们证明了该模型具有足够的表达能力,可以表示任何af集或任何扩展集。此外,我们还研究了与扩展验证和论证可接受性相关的各种决策问题的复杂性。虽然它们中的一些在多项式层次结构中要高一级(与标准iaf相比),但它们中的大多数具有与iaf相同的复杂性。最后,我们展示了CIAF可以用于建模一种新的扩展执行形式,其中考虑到AF的可能演变,并通过CIAF的完成进行建模。
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引用次数: 0
Agents in Traffic and Transportation (ATT 2022): Revised and Extended Papers 交通运输代理(ATT 2022):修订和扩展文件
4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.3233/aic-239001
Ana L.C. Bazzan, Ivana Dusparic, Marin Lujak, Giuseppe Vizzari
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引用次数: 0
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AI Communications
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