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Conversational AI for multi-agent communication in Natural Language 自然语言中多智能体通信的会话AI
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220147
Oliver Lemon
Research at the Interaction Lab focuses on human-agent communication using conversational Natural Language. The ultimate goal is to create systems where humans and AI agents (including embodied robots) can spontaneously form teams and coordinate shared tasks through the use of Natural Language conversation as a universal communication interface. This paper first introduces machine learning approaches to problems in conversational AI in general, where computational agents must coordinate with humans to solve tasks using conversational Natural Language. It also covers some of the practical systems developed in the Interaction Lab, ranging from speech interfaces on smart speakers to embodied robots interacting using visually grounded language. In several cases communication between multiple agents is addressed. The paper surveys the central research problems addressed here, the approaches developed, and our main results. Some key open research questions and directions are then discussed, leading towards a future vision of conversational, collaborative multi-agent systems.
交互实验室的研究重点是使用会话式自然语言进行人机交互。最终目标是创建一个系统,在这个系统中,人类和人工智能代理(包括嵌入式机器人)可以自发地组成团队,并通过使用自然语言对话作为通用通信接口来协调共享任务。本文首先介绍了机器学习方法解决会话人工智能中的一般问题,其中计算代理必须与人类协调使用会话自然语言来解决任务。它还涵盖了交互实验室开发的一些实用系统,从智能扬声器的语音接口到使用视觉基础语言进行交互的嵌入式机器人。在一些情况下,多个代理之间的通信被寻址。本文概述了本文的主要研究问题、开发的方法和我们的主要成果。然后讨论了一些关键的开放研究问题和方向,引导人们走向对话、协作的多智能体系统的未来愿景。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-agent systems research in the United Kingdom 英国的多智能体系统研究
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.3233/aic-229003
Stefano V. Albrecht, M. Wooldridge
Multi-agent systems have been a core research topic in artificial intelligence for several decades. A multi-agent system consists of multiple decision-making agents – which may be software-based AI systems, physically-embodied robots, or humans – which must interact in a shared environment in pursuit of their goals. Multi-agent systems research spans a range of technical problems, such as how to design planning and learning algorithms which enable agents to achieve their goals; how to design multi-agent systems to incentivise certain behaviours in agents; how information is communicated and propagated among agents; and how norms, conventions, and roles may emerge in multi-agent systems. A vast array of applications have been addressed using multi-agent method-ologies, including autonomous driving, multi-robot factories, automated trading, commercial games, automated tutoring, and robotic rescue teams. The purpose of this special issue is to showcase current multi-agent systems research led by university and industry groups based in the United Kingdom. Research groups and institutes in the UK which have significant activity in multi-agent systems research were invited to submit an article describing: (1) the technical problems in multi-agent systems tackled by the group (their core research agenda), including applications and industry collaboration; (2) the main approaches developed by the group and any key results achieved; and (3) important open challenges in multi-agent systems research from the perspective of the group. A large number of high-quality submissions were received, of which 14 were included for publication in the special issue. These articles represent a broad set of research topics within the field of multi-agent systems, showcasing the strength of contributions made by UK-based research groups in both universities and industry. We believe the open research problems discussed in each of the articles will provide a rich resource for researchers in this field, both new and old.
几十年来,多智能体系统一直是人工智能领域的一个核心研究课题。多智能体系统由多个决策代理组成,这些决策代理可能是基于软件的人工智能系统、实体机器人或人类,它们必须在共享环境中进行交互,以实现其目标。多智能体系统研究涵盖了一系列技术问题,例如如何设计规划和学习算法,使智能体能够实现其目标;如何设计多智能体系统来激励智能体的某些行为;信息如何在代理人之间传递和传播;以及规范、约定和角色如何在多代理系统中出现。使用多智能体方法已经解决了大量的应用,包括自动驾驶、多机器人工厂、自动交易、商业游戏、自动辅导和机器人救援队。本期特刊的目的是展示当前由英国大学和工业团体领导的多智能体系统研究。邀请英国在多智能体系统研究方面有重要活动的研究小组和研究所提交一篇文章,描述:(1)该小组解决的多智能体系统中的技术问题(他们的核心研究议程),包括应用和行业合作;(2)小组开发的主要方法和取得的关键成果;(3)群体视角下多智能体系统研究中的重要开放性挑战。收到了大量高质量的报告,其中14份列入特刊出版。这些文章代表了多智能体系统领域内广泛的研究主题,展示了英国大学和工业界的研究小组所做的贡献。我们相信每篇文章中讨论的开放研究问题将为该领域的新老研究人员提供丰富的资源。
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引用次数: 1
Interaction-Oriented Software Engineering: Programming abstractions for autonomy and decentralization 面向交互的软件工程:自治和去中心化的编程抽象
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220144
A. Chopra
We review the main ideas and elements of Interaction-Oriented Software Engineering (IOSE), a program of research that we have pursued for the last two decades, a span of time in which it has grown from philosophy to practical programming abstractions. What distinguishes IOSE from any other program of research is its emphasis on supporting autonomy by modeling the meaning of communication and using that as the basis for engineering decentralized sociotechnical systems. Meaning sounds esoteric but is the basis for practical decision making and a holy grail for the field of distributed systems. We describe our contributions so far, directions for research, and the potential for broad impact on computing.
我们回顾了面向交互的软件工程(IOSE)的主要思想和元素,IOSE是我们过去二十年来一直在研究的一个项目,在这段时间里,IOSE从哲学发展到了实用的编程抽象。IOSE与其他研究项目的不同之处在于,它强调通过对交流的意义进行建模来支持自主性,并将其作为工程分散社会技术系统的基础。意义听起来深奥,但却是实际决策的基础,也是分布式系统领域的圣杯。我们描述了我们迄今为止的贡献,研究方向,以及对计算的广泛影响的潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Reasoning and interaction for social artificial intelligence 社会性人工智能的推理与交互
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220133
Elizabeth Black, M. Brandão, O. Cocarascu, Bart de Keijzer, Yali Du, Derek Long, Michael Luck, P. McBurney, Albert Meroño-Peñuela, S. Miles, S. Modgil, L. Moreau, M. Polukarov, O. Rodrigues, Carmine Ventre
Current work on multi-agent systems at King’s College London is extensive, though largely based in two research groups within the Department of Informatics: the Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) thematic group and the Reasoning & Planning (RAP) thematic group. DAI combines AI expertise with political and economic theories and data, to explore social and technological contexts of interacting intelligent entities. It develops computational models for analysing social, political and economic phenomena to improve the effectiveness and fairness of policies and regulations, and combines intelligent agent systems, software engineering, norms, trust and reputation, agent-based simulation, communication and provenance of data, knowledge engineering, crowd computing and semantic technologies, and algorithmic game theory and computational social choice, to address problems arising in autonomous systems, financial markets, privacy and security, urban living and health. RAP conducts research in symbolic models for reasoning involving argumentation, knowledge representation, planning, and other related areas, including development of logical models of argumentation-based reasoning and decision-making, and their usage for explainable AI and integration of machine and human reasoning, as well as combining planning and argumentation methodologies for strategic argumentation.
伦敦国王学院目前在多智能体系统方面的工作非常广泛,尽管主要是基于信息系的两个研究小组:分布式人工智能(DAI)专题小组和推理与规划(RAP)专题小组。DAI将人工智能专业知识与政治和经济理论和数据相结合,探索相互作用的智能实体的社会和技术背景。它开发了用于分析社会、政治和经济现象的计算模型,以提高政策和法规的有效性和公平性,并将智能代理系统、软件工程、规范、信任和声誉、基于代理的模拟、数据的通信和来源、知识工程、群体计算和语义技术、算法博弈论和计算社会选择相结合,以解决自治系统中出现的问题。金融市场,隐私和安全,城市生活和健康。RAP研究推理的符号模型,涉及论证、知识表示、规划等相关领域,包括开发基于论证的推理和决策的逻辑模型,以及将其用于可解释的人工智能和机器与人推理的集成,以及将规划和论证方法结合起来进行战略论证。
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引用次数: 1
Verifiable autonomy: From theory to applications 可验证自主性:从理论到应用
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220115
Louise Dennis, C. Dixon, M. Fisher
The Autonomy and Verification group11 Part of a wider, international, Autonomy and Verification Network of activity: https://autonomy-and-verification.github.io sits within the Department of Computer Science22 https://www.cs.manchester.ac.uk at the University of Manchester. The group has a long history of research into agents and multi-agent systems (both at Manchester and, previously, at the University of Liverpool) particularly in the areas of formal specification and verification, multi-agent programming, ethical agent reasoning, and swarms, teams and organisations.
自治和核查小组11是一个更广泛的国际自治和核查网络活动的一部分:https://autonomy-and-verification.github.io隶属于曼彻斯特大学计算机科学系22 https://www.cs.manchester.ac.uk。该小组在智能体和多智能体系统方面有着悠久的研究历史(在曼彻斯特大学和之前在利物浦大学),特别是在正式规范和验证、多智能体编程、道德智能体推理以及群体、团队和组织等领域。
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引用次数: 1
Agent-based modelling for Urban Analytics: State of the art and challenges 基于主体的城市分析模型:现状与挑战
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.3233/AIC-220114
N. Malleson, M. Birkin, Daniel Birks, Jiaqi Ge, A. Heppenstall, E. Manley, J. McCulloch, Patricia Ternes
Agent-based modelling (ABM) is a facet of wider Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) research that explores the collective behaviour of individual ‘agents’, and the implications that their behaviour and interactions have for wider systemic behaviour. The method has been shown to hold considerable value in exploring and understanding human societies, but is still largely confined to use in academia. This is particularly evident in the field of Urban Analytics; one that is characterised by the use of new forms of data in combination with computational approaches to gain insight into urban processes. In Urban Analytics, ABM is gaining popularity as a valuable method for understanding the low-level interactions that ultimately drive cities, but as yet is rarely used by stakeholders (planners, governments, etc.) to address real policy problems. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in the application of ABM at the interface of MAS and Urban Analytics by a group of ABM researchers who are affiliated with the Urban Analytics programme of the Alan Turing Institute in London (UK). It addresses issues around modelling behaviour, the use of new forms of data, the calibration of models under high uncertainty, real-time modelling, the use of AI techniques, large-scale models, and the implications for modelling policy. The discussion also contextualises current research in wider debates around Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, and MAS more broadly.
基于主体的建模(ABM)是更广泛的多主体系统(MAS)研究的一个方面,它探索个体“主体”的集体行为,以及它们的行为和相互作用对更广泛的系统行为的影响。该方法已被证明在探索和理解人类社会方面具有相当大的价值,但在很大程度上仍局限于学术界。这在城市分析领域尤为明显;它的特点是将新形式的数据与计算方法相结合,以深入了解城市进程。在《城市分析》中,ABM作为一种有价值的方法越来越受欢迎,它可以理解最终推动城市发展的底层相互作用,但迄今为止,利益相关者(规划者、政府等)很少使用ABM来解决实际的政策问题。本文介绍了一组隶属于伦敦艾伦图灵研究所城市分析计划的ABM研究人员在MAS和城市分析界面应用ABM的最新进展。它解决了围绕建模行为、新数据形式的使用、高不确定性下模型的校准、实时建模、人工智能技术的使用、大规模模型以及对建模政策的影响等问题。讨论还将当前关于数据科学、人工智能和MAS的更广泛辩论的研究置于更广泛的背景下。
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引用次数: 1
Dependable learning-enabled multiagent systems 可靠的支持学习的多智能体系统
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220128
Xiaowei Huang, Bei Peng, Xingyu Zhao
We are concerned with the construction, formal verification, and safety assurance of dependable multiagent systems. For the case where the system (agents and their environment) can be explicitly modelled, we develop formal verification methods over several logic languages, such as temporal epistemic logic and strategy logic, to reason about the knowledge and strategy of the agents. For the case where the system cannot be explicitly modelled, we study multiagent deep reinforcement learning, aiming to develop efficient and scalable learning methods for cooperative multiagent tasks. In addition to these, we develop (both formal and simulation-based) verification methods for the neural network based perception agent that is trained with supervised learning, considering its safety and robustness against attacks from an adversarial agent, and other approaches (such as explainable AI, reliability assessment, and safety argument) for the analysis and assurance of the learning components. Our ultimate objective is to combine formal methods, machine learning, and reliability engineering to not only develop dependable learning-enabled multiagent systems but also provide rigorous methods for the verification and assurance of such systems.
我们关注可靠的多智能体系统的构造、形式验证和安全保证。对于系统(代理及其环境)可以显式建模的情况,我们开发了几种逻辑语言(如时间认知逻辑和策略逻辑)的形式化验证方法,以对代理的知识和策略进行推理。对于系统无法明确建模的情况,我们研究了多智能体深度强化学习,旨在为合作多智能体任务开发高效且可扩展的学习方法。除此之外,我们还开发了(正式的和基于模拟的)验证方法,用于基于神经网络的感知代理,该感知代理接受监督学习训练,考虑其安全性和抗敌对代理攻击的鲁棒性,以及用于分析和保证学习组件的其他方法(如可解释的AI,可靠性评估和安全参数)。我们的最终目标是将形式化方法、机器学习和可靠性工程相结合,不仅开发可靠的支持学习的多智能体系统,而且还为此类系统的验证和保证提供严格的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Resilience, reliability, and coordination in autonomous multi-agent systems 自主多主体系统中的弹性、可靠性和协调性
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220136
R. C. Cardoso, B. Logan, Felipe Meneguzzi, N. Oren, Bruno Yun
Multi-agent systems is an evolving discipline that encompasses many different branches of research. The long-standing Agents at Aberdeen ( A 3 ) group undertakes research across several areas of multi-agent systems, focusing in particular on aspects related to resilience, reliability, and coordination. In this article we introduce the group and highlight past research successes in those themes, building a picture of the strengths within the group. We close the paper outlining the future direction of the group and identify key open challenges and our vision towards solving them.
多智能体系统是一门不断发展的学科,涵盖了许多不同的研究分支。长期存在的阿伯丁代理(a3)小组进行跨多个领域的多代理系统研究,特别关注与弹性、可靠性和协调相关的方面。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了这个小组,并强调了过去在这些主题上的研究成功,建立了一个小组内部优势的图片。最后,我们概述了集团的未来方向,并确定了关键的开放式挑战以及我们解决这些挑战的愿景。
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引用次数: 2
Perspectives on the system-level design of a safe autonomous driving stack 安全自动驾驶堆栈系统级设计展望
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220148
Majd Hawasly, Jonathan Sadeghi, Morris Antonello, Stefano V. Albrecht, John Redford, Subramanian Ramamoorthy
Achieving safe and robust autonomy is the key bottleneck on the path towards broader adoption of autonomous vehicles technology. This motivates going beyond extrinsic metrics such as miles between disengagement, and calls for approaches that embody safety by design. In this paper, we address some aspects of this challenge, with emphasis on issues of motion planning and prediction. We do this through description of novel approaches taken to solving selected sub-problems within an autonomous driving stack, in the process introducing the design philosophy being adopted within Five. This includes safe-by-design planning, interpretable as well as verifiable prediction, and modelling of perception errors to enable effective sim-to-real and real-to-sim transfer within the testing pipeline of a realistic autonomous system.
实现安全和强大的自动驾驶是自动驾驶汽车技术广泛应用的关键瓶颈。这促使我们超越外在指标(如脱离距离),并呼吁通过设计体现安全的方法。在本文中,我们解决了这一挑战的一些方面,重点是运动规划和预测问题。我们通过描述解决自动驾驶堆栈中选定子问题的新方法来实现这一点,并在此过程中介绍了Five所采用的设计理念。这包括安全的设计规划、可解释和可验证的预测,以及感知误差建模,以实现在现实自主系统的测试管道中有效的模拟到真实和真实到模拟的传输。
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引用次数: 0
Deep reinforcement learning for multi-agent interaction 多智能体交互的深度强化学习
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3233/aic-220116
Ibrahim H. Ahmed, Cillian Brewitt, Ignacio Carlucho, Filippos Christianos, Mhairi Dunion, Elliot Fosong, Samuel Garcin, Shangmin Guo, Balint Gyevnar, Trevor McInroe, Georgios Papoudakis, Arrasy Rahman, Lukas Schäfer, Massimiliano Tamborski, Giuseppe Vecchio, Cheng Wang, Stefano V. Albrecht
The development of autonomous agents which can interact with other agents to accomplish a given task is a core area of research in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Towards this goal, the Autonomous Agents Research Group develops novel machine learning algorithms for autonomous systemscontrol, with a specific focus on deep reinforcement learning and multi-agent reinforcement learning. Research problems include scalable learning of coordinated agent policies and inter-agent communication; reasoning about the behaviours, goals, and composition of other agents from limited observations; and sample-efficient learning based on intrinsic motivation, curriculum learning, causal inference, and representation learning. This article provides a broad overview of the ongoing research portfolio of the group and discusses open problems for future directions.
自主智能体的发展是人工智能和机器学习研究的一个核心领域,它可以与其他智能体相互作用来完成给定的任务。为了实现这一目标,自主代理研究小组开发了用于自主系统控制的新型机器学习算法,特别关注深度强化学习和多代理强化学习。研究问题包括协调代理策略的可扩展学习和代理间通信;从有限的观察中推断其他主体的行为、目标和组成;以及基于内在动机、课程学习、因果推理和表征学习的样本高效学习。本文提供了该小组正在进行的研究组合的广泛概述,并讨论了未来方向的开放问题。
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引用次数: 0
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