Abstract Purpose Through a close examination of various platforms and content offered by the top three Chinese streaming services, iQiyi, Tencent Video and YouKu, this study provides an overview of these services’ international operation and starts mapping out the global presence of Chinese pop culture content. Design/methodology/approach This study mostly relies on empirical data collected from several sources, including documents and digital artifacts. Documents include BAT’s financial results and annual reports in recent years, as well as some analyses of their reports. Digital artifacts include hundreds of screenshots taken from various platforms run by iQiyi, Tencent Video, YouKu, and third-party platforms: Netflix, Rakuten Viki and YouTube. These data are sorted and analyzed to map out their global reach. Findings The study finds that the three platforms have wide global reach that can be conceptualized as the first stage of deterritorialization. This stage is carried out with scale, synergy and strings attached, and that private-sector media companies are the main force. Practical implications It maps out the global reach of China’s pop culture content. Social implications The case of global reach of China pop is a significant development in cultural globalization. The deterritorialization of Chinese media content further complicates but also advances cultural globalization. Originality/value By conceptualizing the global reach of Chinese streaming services as the first stage cultural deterritorialization, this study makes theoretical contributions to the broader discussion of cultural globalization. This study also makes contributions to the study of Chinese media globalization by providing micro level analysis of the global expansion of iQiyi, Tencent Video and YouKu, China’s top three video streaming services.
{"title":"The deterritorialization of China pop: a pilot study on the global presence of Chinese streaming services","authors":"Zhaoxi (Josie) Liu","doi":"10.1515/omgc-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose Through a close examination of various platforms and content offered by the top three Chinese streaming services, iQiyi, Tencent Video and YouKu, this study provides an overview of these services’ international operation and starts mapping out the global presence of Chinese pop culture content. Design/methodology/approach This study mostly relies on empirical data collected from several sources, including documents and digital artifacts. Documents include BAT’s financial results and annual reports in recent years, as well as some analyses of their reports. Digital artifacts include hundreds of screenshots taken from various platforms run by iQiyi, Tencent Video, YouKu, and third-party platforms: Netflix, Rakuten Viki and YouTube. These data are sorted and analyzed to map out their global reach. Findings The study finds that the three platforms have wide global reach that can be conceptualized as the first stage of deterritorialization. This stage is carried out with scale, synergy and strings attached, and that private-sector media companies are the main force. Practical implications It maps out the global reach of China’s pop culture content. Social implications The case of global reach of China pop is a significant development in cultural globalization. The deterritorialization of Chinese media content further complicates but also advances cultural globalization. Originality/value By conceptualizing the global reach of Chinese streaming services as the first stage cultural deterritorialization, this study makes theoretical contributions to the broader discussion of cultural globalization. This study also makes contributions to the study of Chinese media globalization by providing micro level analysis of the global expansion of iQiyi, Tencent Video and YouKu, China’s top three video streaming services.","PeriodicalId":508646,"journal":{"name":"Online Media and Global Communication","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The theme of diversity is a central feature of Netflix’s communication practice and is a key element for legitimizing its corporate strategy. Netflix’s discourse on diversity varies according to the company’s interests. This article highlights three dimensions of diversity which structure Netflix’s communication practices: algorithmic diversity, globalized diversity, and inclusive diversity.
{"title":"Cultural diversity according to Netflix: a means of legitimizing an industrial strategy?","authors":"Olivier Thuillas, Louis Wiart","doi":"10.1515/omgc-2024-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2024-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The theme of diversity is a central feature of Netflix’s communication practice and is a key element for legitimizing its corporate strategy. Netflix’s discourse on diversity varies according to the company’s interests. This article highlights three dimensions of diversity which structure Netflix’s communication practices: algorithmic diversity, globalized diversity, and inclusive diversity.","PeriodicalId":508646,"journal":{"name":"Online Media and Global Communication","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iliana Giannouli, Achilleas Karadimitriou, Ioanna Archontaki, S. Papathanassopoulos
Abstract Purpose The distinction between beliefs and facts, as well as between science and pseudoscience, appears to be hazy in the post-truth era. This study draws inspiration from public discourse concerning the safety of COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic, aiming to explore the narratives of COVID-19 vaccine skeptics within the Greek online public sphere. Methodology For the purposes of our study, we analyzed Facebook posts from users’ pages and public groups during a three-month period (from September 2021 to November 2021), focusing primarily on content related to COVID-19 vaccination. By employing thematic analysis, we investigated the main themes upon which the anti-vaccination camp bases its rhetoric and the sources it uses to justify its claims. Findings Our findings suggest that in the Greek online context, the anti-vaccination discourse, as expressed on Facebook platform, is an amalgam of distrust towards institutional actors (politicians, the medical community, legacy media, the establishment in general) and concerns regarding the safety/complications of COVID-19 vaccination itself. Social implications Our study contributes to the existing body of academic literature addressing the impact of social media platforms on public opinion related to health matters. It underscores the potential and challenges associated with the unregulated dissemination of information within polarized digital contexts. Originality/value This study sheds light on the distinctive characteristics of anti-vaccine rhetoric, as expressed on social media, within the context of Greek society. It offers insights to scholars and researchers interested in the dynamics of social media discourse and its implications for public health communication.
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: analyzing anti-vaccine rhetoric on Greek Facebook","authors":"Iliana Giannouli, Achilleas Karadimitriou, Ioanna Archontaki, S. Papathanassopoulos","doi":"10.1515/omgc-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose The distinction between beliefs and facts, as well as between science and pseudoscience, appears to be hazy in the post-truth era. This study draws inspiration from public discourse concerning the safety of COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic, aiming to explore the narratives of COVID-19 vaccine skeptics within the Greek online public sphere. Methodology For the purposes of our study, we analyzed Facebook posts from users’ pages and public groups during a three-month period (from September 2021 to November 2021), focusing primarily on content related to COVID-19 vaccination. By employing thematic analysis, we investigated the main themes upon which the anti-vaccination camp bases its rhetoric and the sources it uses to justify its claims. Findings Our findings suggest that in the Greek online context, the anti-vaccination discourse, as expressed on Facebook platform, is an amalgam of distrust towards institutional actors (politicians, the medical community, legacy media, the establishment in general) and concerns regarding the safety/complications of COVID-19 vaccination itself. Social implications Our study contributes to the existing body of academic literature addressing the impact of social media platforms on public opinion related to health matters. It underscores the potential and challenges associated with the unregulated dissemination of information within polarized digital contexts. Originality/value This study sheds light on the distinctive characteristics of anti-vaccine rhetoric, as expressed on social media, within the context of Greek society. It offers insights to scholars and researchers interested in the dynamics of social media discourse and its implications for public health communication.","PeriodicalId":508646,"journal":{"name":"Online Media and Global Communication","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vision and aesthetics are inseparable dimensions of national image building. Based on 106,562 China-related images from Twitter (renamed as X), this paper introduced a computational aesthetic approach to investigate the visual communication activities of social bots on Twitter and compared the similarities and differences between human and bot accounts’ posted images so as to explore the influence of social bots’ aesthetic strategies. The results show that social bots have displayed different aesthetic strategies in the construction of the China-related visual frame, and formed obvious stylistic differences with humans in brightness, saturation, color, etc. Negative binomial regression indicates that the aesthetic strategies of social bots contribute to more likes and shares. The automation of visual communication and aesthetic construction not only makes the global building and communication of national image face new situations and challenges, but also pushes the whole human visual aesthetic, creation, and communication activities under the potential subjectivity crisis.
{"title":"Automation of visual communication and aesthetic construction of national image: a computational aesthetic analysis of social bots on Twitter","authors":"Yangkun Huang, Changfeng Chen","doi":"10.1515/omgc-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Vision and aesthetics are inseparable dimensions of national image building. Based on 106,562 China-related images from Twitter (renamed as X), this paper introduced a computational aesthetic approach to investigate the visual communication activities of social bots on Twitter and compared the similarities and differences between human and bot accounts’ posted images so as to explore the influence of social bots’ aesthetic strategies. The results show that social bots have displayed different aesthetic strategies in the construction of the China-related visual frame, and formed obvious stylistic differences with humans in brightness, saturation, color, etc. Negative binomial regression indicates that the aesthetic strategies of social bots contribute to more likes and shares. The automation of visual communication and aesthetic construction not only makes the global building and communication of national image face new situations and challenges, but also pushes the whole human visual aesthetic, creation, and communication activities under the potential subjectivity crisis.","PeriodicalId":508646,"journal":{"name":"Online Media and Global Communication","volume":"116 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to analyze how vloggers use interactions of different modalities in transnational travel vlogs on YouTube to draw audiences’ attentions, as well as the impact of the socio-cultural context on the discourse of these vlogs and the represented city images. This research project adopts a multimodal approach by using a new analytical framework based on provenance symbols in semiotics, appraisal systems, and visual grammar in linguistics as theoretical foundations. Our research findings show that there are four dominant themes, including nature enjoyment, landmark visiting and street wandering, food tasting, and infrastructure evaluation in these vlogs. North American full-time vloggers with advanced skills and rich experience are the main contributors, which may lead to a fixed and biased representation of city images. The mechanism of city image formation, from cities’ physical existence to foreign viewers’ perception via transnational travel vlogs, has also been illustrated. The city image exists in a dynamic landscape where online opinion leaders also hold significant discourse power. Though becoming more visible, cities are facing challenges related to the increasing homogenization of mediated images. The research findings also have practical implications for redefining approaches to the international communication of city images to diverse stakeholders including city administrators and travel vloggers. This paper expands the scope of research on urban communication by adopting a comparative and global perspective. The new analytical framework can serve as a reference for future studies on new media content. Furthermore, the systematic mechanism of city image formation presented contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of new media in the international communication of city images.
{"title":"City images in transnational travel vlogs from a multimodal perspective: an investigation of 20 port cities worldwide","authors":"Sitian Chen, Yinglei Zang, Ping Yang","doi":"10.1515/omgc-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper aims to analyze how vloggers use interactions of different modalities in transnational travel vlogs on YouTube to draw audiences’ attentions, as well as the impact of the socio-cultural context on the discourse of these vlogs and the represented city images.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This research project adopts a multimodal approach by using a new analytical framework based on provenance symbols in semiotics, appraisal systems, and visual grammar in linguistics as theoretical foundations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our research findings show that there are four dominant themes, including nature enjoyment, landmark visiting and street wandering, food tasting, and infrastructure evaluation in these vlogs. North American full-time vloggers with advanced skills and rich experience are the main contributors, which may lead to a fixed and biased representation of city images. The mechanism of city image formation, from cities’ physical existence to foreign viewers’ perception via transnational travel vlogs, has also been illustrated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The city image exists in a dynamic landscape where online opinion leaders also hold significant discourse power. Though becoming more visible, cities are facing challenges related to the increasing homogenization of mediated images. The research findings also have practical implications for redefining approaches to the international communication of city images to diverse stakeholders including city administrators and travel vloggers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper expands the scope of research on urban communication by adopting a comparative and global perspective. The new analytical framework can serve as a reference for future studies on new media content. Furthermore, the systematic mechanism of city image formation presented contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of new media in the international communication of city images.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508646,"journal":{"name":"Online Media and Global Communication","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun-Ju Yu, Haeyeop Song, Jaemin Jung, Young ju Kim
Abstract As the production and consumption of live video streaming have increased, a general concern is that live video streaming might yield social problems. This paper investigated how people perceived the current status of live video streaming through a nationwide survey. The survey was conducted with 825 users and 335 non-users in South Korea. The results demonstrate that people perceived live video streaming has more impact on adolescents than themselves, which confirms that the previous study of third-person perception. Respondents also evaluated that the current self-regulatory system is not functioning properly and regulation of live video streaming is required. Especially non-users are more supportive of regulation than users. The perception bias, the difference between the perceived influence on self and adolescents, is the strongest predictor of the need for regulation. Because of the difference between users and non-users regarding the perception of live video streaming, this study recommends that the policymakers should consider the actual status of live video streaming and not perception-based biases in orienting regulation.
{"title":"Perception and attitude toward the regulation of online video streaming (in South Korea)","authors":"Eun-Ju Yu, Haeyeop Song, Jaemin Jung, Young ju Kim","doi":"10.1515/omgc-2023-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2023-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the production and consumption of live video streaming have increased, a general concern is that live video streaming might yield social problems. This paper investigated how people perceived the current status of live video streaming through a nationwide survey. The survey was conducted with 825 users and 335 non-users in South Korea. The results demonstrate that people perceived live video streaming has more impact on adolescents than themselves, which confirms that the previous study of third-person perception. Respondents also evaluated that the current self-regulatory system is not functioning properly and regulation of live video streaming is required. Especially non-users are more supportive of regulation than users. The perception bias, the difference between the perceived influence on self and adolescents, is the strongest predictor of the need for regulation. Because of the difference between users and non-users regarding the perception of live video streaming, this study recommends that the policymakers should consider the actual status of live video streaming and not perception-based biases in orienting regulation.","PeriodicalId":508646,"journal":{"name":"Online Media and Global Communication","volume":"15 3-4","pages":"651 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This review essay offers an exhaustive examination of the multifaceted role of online media within the Central Asian context. Comprising 11 sections, the essay scrutinizes diverse facets of online media’s impact, spanning from its role in political dynamics to its implications for society, governance, national identity, cultural expression, and e-learning. By identifying recurring patterns, spotlighting ongoing debates, and revealing lacunae in extant scholarship, the essay aims to catalyze further research. Serving as an indispensable resource for scholars, policymakers, and those with an interest in the transformative potential of online media in Central Asia, the review underscores the complexity and dynamism inherent in the influence of online media within the region, fostering a more profound appreciation of this rapidly evolving field of study.
{"title":"Emerging perspectives and contemporary debates: assessing the landscape of online media communication research in Central Asia","authors":"Rashad Mammadov","doi":"10.1515/omgc-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review essay offers an exhaustive examination of the multifaceted role of online media within the Central Asian context. Comprising 11 sections, the essay scrutinizes diverse facets of online media’s impact, spanning from its role in political dynamics to its implications for society, governance, national identity, cultural expression, and e-learning. By identifying recurring patterns, spotlighting ongoing debates, and revealing lacunae in extant scholarship, the essay aims to catalyze further research. Serving as an indispensable resource for scholars, policymakers, and those with an interest in the transformative potential of online media in Central Asia, the review underscores the complexity and dynamism inherent in the influence of online media within the region, fostering a more profound appreciation of this rapidly evolving field of study.","PeriodicalId":508646,"journal":{"name":"Online Media and Global Communication","volume":"247 3","pages":"621 - 650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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