Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-89-96
А. S. Guseltsev
Background. In recent decades, the concept of weakened zones has become widespread in various fields of Earth science. Thus, this concept is currently used in geology, mining, geomechanics, tectonics, geodynamics, and seismology. As a result, weakened zones can be considered and interpreted both as large fault zones, including dilatancy zones, and zones with sharply or quite noticeably changing physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, the purpose of studying and recording such zones also changes, depending on particular research tasks.Aim. To consider structures that are widely termed as weakened zones, although having received no clear definition and classification. To provide a definition of this term from the standpoint of hydrogeology and engineering geology.Materials and methods. The research basis was formed by the author’s long-term experience in the selection of sites for the location of nuclear energy facilities. The main methods included collection, generalization, and processing of information obtained by the author during fieldwork and laboratory research.Results. The author considers structures that are termed as weakened zones in Earth sciences, concerning a fairly wide range of structures and conditions of mountain ranges and soils. A definition of a weakened zone from the standpoint of hydrogeology and engineering geology is proposed. Various factors indicating the presence of weakened zones and possible negative consequences for engineering structures are considered.Conclusion. The concept of weakened zones should be taken into consideration when conducting detailed surveys of areas for the location of engineering facilities. It is noted that, when carrying out detailed surveys, the key to quantifying the characteristics of weakened zones in dispersed soils consists in a correct assessment of the spatial variability of soil parameters, largely the density of dry soil and porosity.
{"title":"Definition of weakened zones from the standpoint of engineering geology and hydrogeology","authors":"А. S. Guseltsev","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-89-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-89-96","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In recent decades, the concept of weakened zones has become widespread in various fields of Earth science. Thus, this concept is currently used in geology, mining, geomechanics, tectonics, geodynamics, and seismology. As a result, weakened zones can be considered and interpreted both as large fault zones, including dilatancy zones, and zones with sharply or quite noticeably changing physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, the purpose of studying and recording such zones also changes, depending on particular research tasks.Aim. To consider structures that are widely termed as weakened zones, although having received no clear definition and classification. To provide a definition of this term from the standpoint of hydrogeology and engineering geology.Materials and methods. The research basis was formed by the author’s long-term experience in the selection of sites for the location of nuclear energy facilities. The main methods included collection, generalization, and processing of information obtained by the author during fieldwork and laboratory research.Results. The author considers structures that are termed as weakened zones in Earth sciences, concerning a fairly wide range of structures and conditions of mountain ranges and soils. A definition of a weakened zone from the standpoint of hydrogeology and engineering geology is proposed. Various factors indicating the presence of weakened zones and possible negative consequences for engineering structures are considered.Conclusion. The concept of weakened zones should be taken into consideration when conducting detailed surveys of areas for the location of engineering facilities. It is noted that, when carrying out detailed surveys, the key to quantifying the characteristics of weakened zones in dispersed soils consists in a correct assessment of the spatial variability of soil parameters, largely the density of dry soil and porosity.","PeriodicalId":508654,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration","volume":"28 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-81-88
Т. Т. Mazhrenova
Background. The development of objects that are complex from a geological point of view is characterized by the low efficiency of traditional methods of enhanced oil recovery, the absence or high cost of technological support for production by alternative methods. In this paper, the development features will be considered using the example of an existing object related to the Achimov strata of Western Siberia.Aim. A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of the development of a production facility, additional study of the possible causes of high water cut.Materials and methods. To write the work, design documents were used containing data on the geological and physical characteristics and dynamics of production at the production site, as well as graphic applications (geological sections, well logs, extracts from maps). The study of materials, graphic applications and graphing in Excel was carried out.Results. The possible reasons for the high water cut in the production were studied.Conclusion. The vector of further development of research activities within the framework of a given topic is determined.
{"title":"Features of the development of hard to recovery reserves of the Achimovskaya site of the “N” deposit","authors":"Т. Т. Mazhrenova","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-81-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-81-88","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The development of objects that are complex from a geological point of view is characterized by the low efficiency of traditional methods of enhanced oil recovery, the absence or high cost of technological support for production by alternative methods. In this paper, the development features will be considered using the example of an existing object related to the Achimov strata of Western Siberia.Aim. A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of the development of a production facility, additional study of the possible causes of high water cut.Materials and methods. To write the work, design documents were used containing data on the geological and physical characteristics and dynamics of production at the production site, as well as graphic applications (geological sections, well logs, extracts from maps). The study of materials, graphic applications and graphing in Excel was carried out.Results. The possible reasons for the high water cut in the production were studied.Conclusion. The vector of further development of research activities within the framework of a given topic is determined.","PeriodicalId":508654,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-27-36
A. D. Karinskiy, A. A. Ivanov, I. A. Zudenkov, A. A. Matyushenko, Р. V. Novikov
Background. Methods for electrical resistance surveys include those of electrical sounding and electrical profiling with various arrays. Measurements were originally carried out at direct current, although low-frequency alternating current was used later. In the case of direct current, the sole sources of the primary electric field in these methods comprise the charges of the A, B current electrodes, with the measured value being the electric field voltage E equal to the potential difference ΔUMN in the MN line with the measuring electrodes M, N. According to the measurement results, the apparent electrical resistivity is determined, which is convenient for interpreting the measurement results ρк. However, in some cases, e.g., when conducting measurements in permafrost areas, it can be difficult to ensure reliable grounding of the electrodes. Therefore, half a century ago, research was initiated to substantiate the possibility of contactless measurements in the method of electrical profiling with the alternating current I in the AB line. Until recently, the technique of non-contact measurements and interpretation of the results obtained has been based on approximate approaches, rather than on a strict solution of the forward problem of electrodynamics.Aim. Objective substantiation of the non-contact measurement technique based on the solution of a forward electrodynamics problem.Materials and methods. The data obtained by mathematical simulation were analyzed.Results. The results of calculations for a model corresponding to the possible conditions for contactless measurements in electrical exploration by the resistance method are presented. A case is considered when a generator line AB of a harmonically varying current I is located in the air, at a height h above a homogeneous conducting half-space with a specific electrical ρ2.Conclusion. In comparison with the method currently used for non-contact measurements, it seems more effective to determine the apparent electrical resistivity from the reactive component of the electric field voltage E in the measuring line MN that varies in phase with the current I in the generator line AB.
背景。电阻测量方法包括使用各种阵列进行电探测和电剖面测量。最初使用直流电进行测量，但后来也使用低频交流电。在直流电情况下，这些方法中唯一的一次电场源包括 A、B 电流电极的电荷，测量值为电场电压 E，等于测量电极 M、N 在 MN 线上的电位差 ΔUMN。然而，在某些情况下，例如在永久冻土地区进行测量时，很难确保电极可靠接地。因此，早在半个世纪前，人们就开始研究如何利用 AB 线 I 型交流电进行无接触测量。直到最近，非接触测量技术和对所获结果的解释都是基于近似方法，而不是基于对电动力学前沿问题的严格解决。在解决正向电动力学问题的基础上，客观证实非接触测量技术。对数学模拟获得的数据进行分析。介绍了通过电阻法在电气勘探中进行非接触测量的可能条件对应模型的计算结果。考虑的情况是，谐波变化电流 I 的发电机线路 AB 位于空气中，在具有特定电 ρ2 的均质导电半空间上方的高度 h 上。与目前使用的非接触式测量方法相比，通过测量线路 MN 中电场电压 E 的无功分量来确定视在电阻率似乎更为有效，因为该分量与发电机线路 AB 中的电流 I 相位变化。
{"title":"Substantiation for a new non-contact measurement technique in electrical resistance surveys","authors":"A. D. Karinskiy, A. A. Ivanov, I. A. Zudenkov, A. A. Matyushenko, Р. V. Novikov","doi":"10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2023-65-4-27-36","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Methods for electrical resistance surveys include those of electrical sounding and electrical profiling with various arrays. Measurements were originally carried out at direct current, although low-frequency alternating current was used later. In the case of direct current, the sole sources of the primary electric field in these methods comprise the charges of the A, B current electrodes, with the measured value being the electric field voltage E equal to the potential difference ΔUMN in the MN line with the measuring electrodes M, N. According to the measurement results, the apparent electrical resistivity is determined, which is convenient for interpreting the measurement results ρк. However, in some cases, e.g., when conducting measurements in permafrost areas, it can be difficult to ensure reliable grounding of the electrodes. Therefore, half a century ago, research was initiated to substantiate the possibility of contactless measurements in the method of electrical profiling with the alternating current I in the AB line. Until recently, the technique of non-contact measurements and interpretation of the results obtained has been based on approximate approaches, rather than on a strict solution of the forward problem of electrodynamics.Aim. Objective substantiation of the non-contact measurement technique based on the solution of a forward electrodynamics problem.Materials and methods. The data obtained by mathematical simulation were analyzed.Results. The results of calculations for a model corresponding to the possible conditions for contactless measurements in electrical exploration by the resistance method are presented. A case is considered when a generator line AB of a harmonically varying current I is located in the air, at a height h above a homogeneous conducting half-space with a specific electrical ρ2.Conclusion. In comparison with the method currently used for non-contact measurements, it seems more effective to determine the apparent electrical resistivity from the reactive component of the electric field voltage E in the measuring line MN that varies in phase with the current I in the generator line AB.","PeriodicalId":508654,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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