Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-53-59
I. Torbina
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adaptive properties of winter wheat varieties in the competitive variety testing, to identify the best ones for the soil and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic based on a set of economically valuable traits. In 2020–2023 seven winter wheat varieties were tested in comparison with the standard ‘Volzhskaya K’ and the variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’. The adaptability of the varieties was determined according to the method of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva (1985), S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell (1966). Weather conditions during the years of study (drought in 2021 and 2023, excessive moisture in 2022) made it possible to evaluate varieties for drought resistance, determine their resistance to lodging, and the ability to use favorable conditions to form high yields. It was revealed that the most adapted varieties were ‘Cheberina’ and ‘26.12/6’, in 2021–2023 they formed the highest yield (50.0–50.1 hwt/ha) and provided a significant increase of 5.5–5.6 hwt/ha to the standard variety ‘Volzhskaya K’. These varieties significantly exceeded the standard variety in general adaptive capacity (GAC). There was found that the varieties ‘Lyubava’, ‘2.05/3’ and ‘Cheberina’ were the most valuable breeding varieties that combined high productivity with a stable yield. The varieties ‘Cheberina’, ‘26.12/6’, ‘Volzhskaya K’, ‘A-332/2’ were highly responsive to improved environmental conditions (bi > 1). Based on the study results, the adaptable, highly productive variety ‘Cheberina’ was sent to the state variety testing. There has been established that the variety forms a strong elastic stem of medium height, resistant to lodging, and increases ear weight and length, and its grain content in favorable conditions of the spring-summer period. An estimation of disease infection during the spring-summer growing season in 2022 showed that the variety possesses complex resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, and blotch of an ear and leaves. The variety formed grain of the third class with such indicators as 66 % of kernel hardness, 779 g/l of grain nature weight, 28 % of gluten of the first quality group, 12.8 % of protein in grain.
{"title":"Adaptability of winter bread wheat varieties in the competitive variety testing in the Udmurt Republic","authors":"I. Torbina","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-53-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-53-59","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adaptive properties of winter wheat varieties in the competitive variety testing, to identify the best ones for the soil and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic based on a set of economically valuable traits. In 2020–2023 seven winter wheat varieties were tested in comparison with the standard ‘Volzhskaya K’ and the variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’. The adaptability of the varieties was determined according to the method of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva (1985), S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell (1966). Weather conditions during the years of study (drought in 2021 and 2023, excessive moisture in 2022) made it possible to evaluate varieties for drought resistance, determine their resistance to lodging, and the ability to use favorable conditions to form high yields. It was revealed that the most adapted varieties were ‘Cheberina’ and ‘26.12/6’, in 2021–2023 they formed the highest yield (50.0–50.1 hwt/ha) and provided a significant increase of 5.5–5.6 hwt/ha to the standard variety ‘Volzhskaya K’. These varieties significantly exceeded the standard variety in general adaptive capacity (GAC). There was found that the varieties ‘Lyubava’, ‘2.05/3’ and ‘Cheberina’ were the most valuable breeding varieties that combined high productivity with a stable yield. The varieties ‘Cheberina’, ‘26.12/6’, ‘Volzhskaya K’, ‘A-332/2’ were highly responsive to improved environmental conditions (bi > 1). Based on the study results, the adaptable, highly productive variety ‘Cheberina’ was sent to the state variety testing. There has been established that the variety forms a strong elastic stem of medium height, resistant to lodging, and increases ear weight and length, and its grain content in favorable conditions of the spring-summer period. An estimation of disease infection during the spring-summer growing season in 2022 showed that the variety possesses complex resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, and blotch of an ear and leaves. The variety formed grain of the third class with such indicators as 66 % of kernel hardness, 779 g/l of grain nature weight, 28 % of gluten of the first quality group, 12.8 % of protein in grain.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-18-26
A. V. Zhiltsov, A. A. Chekalin, O. V. Popova, I. V. Duvanov, D. Miroshnichenko
Over the past few decades, haploid biotechnologies have become an integral part of breeding programs for many crops. Using the strategy of doubling haploids induced in the culture of gametic cells and tissues in vitro, through androgenesis, gynogenesis and distant hybridization, it became possible to significantly reduce the time for developing new varieties. Using the technology of doubled haploids, within one or two generations, it is possible to obtain aligned homozygous lines, which can both help speed up the breeding process and study several scientific and practical issues. Another promising tool for developing lines and samples with specified traits within several generations is genome editing (engineering) using various nuclease-based engineering complexes. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which came into use ten years ago, allows solving a wide variety of problems in plant functional genomics, including engineering resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improving productivity and product quality. The technology is better than the most known methods for improving varieties for the traits which have mono- or polygenic control, since it allows changing several genes simultaneously, which is important for polyploid species. An integral part of plant genome editing, as well as haploidogenesis technologies, is cell and tissue culture in vitro, which gives possibility for their combination. The combination of technologies allows producing homozygous plants with new gene-specific mutations, which improves genetic diversity and accelerates the selection of linear material with new economically valuable traits. The current review has summarized the experience of combining haploidy and genome editing methods in spiked grains of the Triticeae family. In addition to analyzing the current state, there have been considered the prospects for further development of technologies for obtaining haploids of wheat, barley, triticale, and rye with an edited genome.
{"title":"Prospects for combining the methods of haploid biotechnology and genome editing to improve spiked grains of the Triticeae family (review)","authors":"A. V. Zhiltsov, A. A. Chekalin, O. V. Popova, I. V. Duvanov, D. Miroshnichenko","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-18-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-18-26","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, haploid biotechnologies have become an integral part of breeding programs for many crops. Using the strategy of doubling haploids induced in the culture of gametic cells and tissues in vitro, through androgenesis, gynogenesis and distant hybridization, it became possible to significantly reduce the time for developing new varieties. Using the technology of doubled haploids, within one or two generations, it is possible to obtain aligned homozygous lines, which can both help speed up the breeding process and study several scientific and practical issues. Another promising tool for developing lines and samples with specified traits within several generations is genome editing (engineering) using various nuclease-based engineering complexes. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which came into use ten years ago, allows solving a wide variety of problems in plant functional genomics, including engineering resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improving productivity and product quality. The technology is better than the most known methods for improving varieties for the traits which have mono- or polygenic control, since it allows changing several genes simultaneously, which is important for polyploid species. An integral part of plant genome editing, as well as haploidogenesis technologies, is cell and tissue culture in vitro, which gives possibility for their combination. The combination of technologies allows producing homozygous plants with new gene-specific mutations, which improves genetic diversity and accelerates the selection of linear material with new economically valuable traits. The current review has summarized the experience of combining haploidy and genome editing methods in spiked grains of the Triticeae family. In addition to analyzing the current state, there have been considered the prospects for further development of technologies for obtaining haploids of wheat, barley, triticale, and rye with an edited genome.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-12-17
A. Ashiev, K. N. Khabibullin, M. Skulova, N. Kravchenko
The purpose of the current study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds of pea samples. The study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the fields of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. The objects of research were 12 pea samples developed by the ARC “Donskoy”. The zoned variety ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’ was used as a standard. Quality characteristics of peas, such as protein percentage in seeds and their ability to boil soft, are highly dependent on environmental conditions and often have a negative correlation with seed productivity. One of the goals in pea breeding is to change this inverse correlation between productivity and seed quality. The mean productivity of the varieties and lines in the Competitive Variety Testing through the years of study was 3.66 t/ha on average. The standard ‘Aksai Usatiy 5’ (3.46 t/ha) was reliably exceeded by such varieties and lines as ‘G-1181’ (4.17 t/ha), ‘Kazak’ (4.02 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (3.99 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (3.80 t/ha). The samples with the highest protein percentage (second quality class, 22.0–25.0 %) were ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’ (23.7 %), ‘Skif’ (24.4 %), ‘Kazak’ (23.1 %), ‘AKM’ (23.6 %), ‘G-1141’ (24.3 %), ‘G-1172’ (25.0 %), ‘G-1181’ (22.3 %). The mean boiling time was 75 minutes. The minimum boiling time was 63 minutes for the varieties ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’, ‘Skif’, 65 minutes for the line ‘G-1234’ and 70 minutes for the line ‘G-1288’. The mean coefficient of the ability to boil soft over the years of study was 2.20, varying from 1.92 to 2.61. The mean protein yield over the years of study was 0.85 t/ha. The varieties ‘Kazak’ (0.94 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (0.93 t/ha) and breeding lines ‘G-1181’ (0.93 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (0.90 t/ha) showed the best indicators. The maximum values of protein yield were identified at maximum productivity of 4.2–4.3 t/ha and 23.5–24.0% of protein in seeds.
{"title":"Productivity, seed quality and protein yield of pea samples developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”","authors":"A. Ashiev, K. N. Khabibullin, M. Skulova, N. Kravchenko","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-12-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-12-17","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds of pea samples. The study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the fields of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. The objects of research were 12 pea samples developed by the ARC “Donskoy”. The zoned variety ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’ was used as a standard. Quality characteristics of peas, such as protein percentage in seeds and their ability to boil soft, are highly dependent on environmental conditions and often have a negative correlation with seed productivity. One of the goals in pea breeding is to change this inverse correlation between productivity and seed quality. The mean productivity of the varieties and lines in the Competitive Variety Testing through the years of study was 3.66 t/ha on average. The standard ‘Aksai Usatiy 5’ (3.46 t/ha) was reliably exceeded by such varieties and lines as ‘G-1181’ (4.17 t/ha), ‘Kazak’ (4.02 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (3.99 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (3.80 t/ha). The samples with the highest protein percentage (second quality class, 22.0–25.0 %) were ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’ (23.7 %), ‘Skif’ (24.4 %), ‘Kazak’ (23.1 %), ‘AKM’ (23.6 %), ‘G-1141’ (24.3 %), ‘G-1172’ (25.0 %), ‘G-1181’ (22.3 %). The mean boiling time was 75 minutes. The minimum boiling time was 63 minutes for the varieties ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’, ‘Skif’, 65 minutes for the line ‘G-1234’ and 70 minutes for the line ‘G-1288’. The mean coefficient of the ability to boil soft over the years of study was 2.20, varying from 1.92 to 2.61. The mean protein yield over the years of study was 0.85 t/ha. The varieties ‘Kazak’ (0.94 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (0.93 t/ha) and breeding lines ‘G-1181’ (0.93 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (0.90 t/ha) showed the best indicators. The maximum values of protein yield were identified at maximum productivity of 4.2–4.3 t/ha and 23.5–24.0% of protein in seeds.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-5-11
V. V. Kovtunov, N. A. Kovtunova
The current paper has presented brief information about the establishment of a sorghum breeding and seed production school at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (formerly the State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops named after I.G. Kalinenko, as well as the All-Russian Research Institute of Sorghum). A great contribution to the development of the breeding program for this crop was made by famous breeders Ya.I. Isakov, B.N. Malinovsky, N.A. Shepel. Under their leadership, there was identified and developed a significant number of varieties and hybrids of grain, sweet, grass and broom sorghum. Their experience given to subsequent breeders made it possible to develop present sorghum varieties and hybrids, which are currently included in the State List of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Russian Federation and are widely used in agricultural production. Thus, since 2021, new highly productive varieties of sweet sorghum ‘Yuzhnoye’ and ‘Feniks’ have been included in the State List. Since 2023, there have been included the white grained sorghum variety ‘Esaul’ and the sorghum-Sudan hybrid ‘Dobrynya’. There have been developed and are currently undergoing the state variety testing the grain sorghum variety ‘Sotnik’ and the Sudan grass ‘Kudesnitsa’, the sorghumSudan hybrid ‘Gordey’, the sweet sorghum variety ‘Orfey’ and the hybrid ‘Duet’.
{"title":"History of sorghum breeding and seed production in the ARC “Donskoy”","authors":"V. V. Kovtunov, N. A. Kovtunova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-92-3-5-11","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented brief information about the establishment of a sorghum breeding and seed production school at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (formerly the State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops named after I.G. Kalinenko, as well as the All-Russian Research Institute of Sorghum). A great contribution to the development of the breeding program for this crop was made by famous breeders Ya.I. Isakov, B.N. Malinovsky, N.A. Shepel. Under their leadership, there was identified and developed a significant number of varieties and hybrids of grain, sweet, grass and broom sorghum. Their experience given to subsequent breeders made it possible to develop present sorghum varieties and hybrids, which are currently included in the State List of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Russian Federation and are widely used in agricultural production. Thus, since 2021, new highly productive varieties of sweet sorghum ‘Yuzhnoye’ and ‘Feniks’ have been included in the State List. Since 2023, there have been included the white grained sorghum variety ‘Esaul’ and the sorghum-Sudan hybrid ‘Dobrynya’. There have been developed and are currently undergoing the state variety testing the grain sorghum variety ‘Sotnik’ and the Sudan grass ‘Kudesnitsa’, the sorghumSudan hybrid ‘Gordey’, the sweet sorghum variety ‘Orfey’ and the hybrid ‘Duet’.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-104-112
L. Asyakina, О. А. Isachkova, D. Kolpakova, Е. Е. Borodina, V. Y. Boger, A. Prosekov
The Kemerovo region is a region of extreme farming, and therefore requires the development of effective biological methods for improving productivity of cultivated plants adapted to these conditions. The purpose of the current work was to find plant growth-stimulating microorganisms associated with spring barley, as well as to form a microbial consortium on their basis and to conduct field trial. The objects of the study were spring barley seeds selected in the Kemerovo region, growth-stimulating microorganisms isolated from them, and consortia formed on their basis. During the study, there were isolated and tested 9 bacterial isolates for their ability to synthesize growth-stimulating substances (kinetin and indolyl-3-acetic acid). There were selected three strains with the best indicators SHv-2, SHv-5, SHv-6 for further studies. There has been found that the strains are capable of fixing nitrogen (SHv-2 – 800 µg/ml; SHv-5 – 210 µg/ml; SHv-6 – 840 µg/ml). There was also seen an ability to solubilize phosphates (SHv-2 – 2.53; SHv-5 – 1.25; SHv-6 – 3.33). The study of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties made it possible to identify such strains as SHv-2 – Pantoea allii; SHv-5 – Raoultella ornithinolytica; SHv-6 – Pantoea ananatis. Based on these microorganisms, there were made various variants of microbial consortia, which were also valued for their ability to produce growth-promoting substances and fix nitrogen. Consortium MC-7 composed with Pantoea allii, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pantoea ananatis in a ratio of 1:1:3, respectively, showed maximum activity in terms of the studied parameters. Field trials of this consortium have shown that it successfully improves spring barley productivity. Despite abnormal weather conditions (lack of productive rains), there was an increase in the growth of crops treated by the consortium in comparison with control options. There have been established the most promising options for processing spring barley, options 3 and 4.
{"title":"The effect of a microbial consortium on spring barley growth and development in the Kemerovo region, Kuzbass","authors":"L. Asyakina, О. А. Isachkova, D. Kolpakova, Е. Е. Borodina, V. Y. Boger, A. Prosekov","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-104-112","url":null,"abstract":"The Kemerovo region is a region of extreme farming, and therefore requires the development of effective biological methods for improving productivity of cultivated plants adapted to these conditions. The purpose of the current work was to find plant growth-stimulating microorganisms associated with spring barley, as well as to form a microbial consortium on their basis and to conduct field trial. The objects of the study were spring barley seeds selected in the Kemerovo region, growth-stimulating microorganisms isolated from them, and consortia formed on their basis. During the study, there were isolated and tested 9 bacterial isolates for their ability to synthesize growth-stimulating substances (kinetin and indolyl-3-acetic acid). There were selected three strains with the best indicators SHv-2, SHv-5, SHv-6 for further studies. There has been found that the strains are capable of fixing nitrogen (SHv-2 – 800 µg/ml; SHv-5 – 210 µg/ml; SHv-6 – 840 µg/ml). There was also seen an ability to solubilize phosphates (SHv-2 – 2.53; SHv-5 – 1.25; SHv-6 – 3.33). The study of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties made it possible to identify such strains as SHv-2 – Pantoea allii; SHv-5 – Raoultella ornithinolytica; SHv-6 – Pantoea ananatis. Based on these microorganisms, there were made various variants of microbial consortia, which were also valued for their ability to produce growth-promoting substances and fix nitrogen. Consortium MC-7 composed with Pantoea allii, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pantoea ananatis in a ratio of 1:1:3, respectively, showed maximum activity in terms of the studied parameters. Field trials of this consortium have shown that it successfully improves spring barley productivity. Despite abnormal weather conditions (lack of productive rains), there was an increase in the growth of crops treated by the consortium in comparison with control options. There have been established the most promising options for processing spring barley, options 3 and 4.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-97-103
G. Metlina, S. Vasilchenko, A. Ashiev, N. Kravchenko
There have been presented the study results on determining the quality of grain of wintering peas varieties ‘Fokus’ and ‘Zimus’ depending on agricultural methods. The purpose of the current study was to determine protein percentage and yield of basic nutrients in grain of wintering peas, depending on sowing dates and rates. The current study was carried out at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2019–2021. The soil of the experimental plot was represented by ordinary carbonate heavy loamy chernozem. The forecrop was winter wheat. Weather conditions during the years of study were characterized by increased air temperatures in autumn and the return of cold weather in spring, which led to significant damage and thinning of crops. The amount of productive precipitation during the period of grain filling had a positive effect on productivity formation. There has been found that the greatest collection of basic nutrients was obtained in the second ten days of October with a sowing rate of 1.2 and 1.4 million pcs/ha for the varieties ‘Fokus’ and ‘Zimus’, respectively. For the variety ‘Fokus’, the highest crude protein percentage was 25.42 %, with 2.58 t/ha of feed units, 0.557 t/ha of crude protein, 25.31 GJ/ha of metabolic energy, with 189 g of a supply of a feed unit with digestible protein. For the variety ‘Zimus’, the highest crude protein percentage was 25.46 %, with 2.57 t/ha of feed units, 0.555 t/ha of crude protein, 24.62 GJ/ha of metabolic energy, with 190 g of a supply of a feed unit with digestible protein. The studied varieties according to digestible protein percentage were at the level of 205–219 g per a kg of grain.
{"title":"The effect of sowing dates and sowing rates of wintering pea varieties on protein percentage and yield of nutrients","authors":"G. Metlina, S. Vasilchenko, A. Ashiev, N. Kravchenko","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-97-103","url":null,"abstract":"There have been presented the study results on determining the quality of grain of wintering peas varieties ‘Fokus’ and ‘Zimus’ depending on agricultural methods. The purpose of the current study was to determine protein percentage and yield of basic nutrients in grain of wintering peas, depending on sowing dates and rates. The current study was carried out at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2019–2021. The soil of the experimental plot was represented by ordinary carbonate heavy loamy chernozem. The forecrop was winter wheat. Weather conditions during the years of study were characterized by increased air temperatures in autumn and the return of cold weather in spring, which led to significant damage and thinning of crops. The amount of productive precipitation during the period of grain filling had a positive effect on productivity formation. There has been found that the greatest collection of basic nutrients was obtained in the second ten days of October with a sowing rate of 1.2 and 1.4 million pcs/ha for the varieties ‘Fokus’ and ‘Zimus’, respectively. For the variety ‘Fokus’, the highest crude protein percentage was 25.42 %, with 2.58 t/ha of feed units, 0.557 t/ha of crude protein, 25.31 GJ/ha of metabolic energy, with 189 g of a supply of a feed unit with digestible protein. For the variety ‘Zimus’, the highest crude protein percentage was 25.46 %, with 2.57 t/ha of feed units, 0.555 t/ha of crude protein, 24.62 GJ/ha of metabolic energy, with 190 g of a supply of a feed unit with digestible protein. The studied varieties according to digestible protein percentage were at the level of 205–219 g per a kg of grain.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-14-18
N. V. Deynes, A. P. Chebatarev
The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new pea variety ‘Antey’ of Altai breeding according to the most important economically valuable and morphological characteristics. Breeding work to develop a variety at the FSBSI “Federal Altai Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies” began in 2003 from the moment of hybridization of the original parental forms. The variety ‘Antey’ was developed by individual selection from a hybrid combination (Varyag x Novosibirets) x Batrak. The species of the variety was ecaducum. On average, over the years of testing (2020–2022), the variety ‘Antey’ reliably differed from the standard variety ‘Batrak’ in terms of a set of breeding valuable traits. This variety has the most important economic and biological indicators, such as high productivity (2.75 t/ha), resistance to lodging (5 points), low susceptibility to diseases (4.5 points), high protein percentage (23.5 %). Based on phenological observations of pea crops, there have been identified some morphological features of this variety. The variety ‘Antey’ is a middle maturing one. The vegetation period lasts 70...75 days. The variety is determinate, plant height is 65 cm. The leafless type and compressed internodes of the new pea variety increase the resistance of shoots to lodging. The plants bear white flowers of medium size. Beans are shelled, straight. The number of seeds in a bean is 4–7. Our research has shown that over the course of three years in the Competitive Variety Testing, according to the above-mentioned traits, the variety ‘Antey’ significantly exceeds those of the standard variety ‘Batrak’, which made it possible to send this pea variety to the State Variety Testing in 2022. The variety ‘Antey’ is going to be tested in region 10 (West Siberian).
{"title":"New pea variety ‘Antey’","authors":"N. V. Deynes, A. P. Chebatarev","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-14-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-14-18","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new pea variety ‘Antey’ of Altai breeding according to the most important economically valuable and morphological characteristics. Breeding work to develop a variety at the FSBSI “Federal Altai Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies” began in 2003 from the moment of hybridization of the original parental forms. The variety ‘Antey’ was developed by individual selection from a hybrid combination (Varyag x Novosibirets) x Batrak. The species of the variety was ecaducum. On average, over the years of testing (2020–2022), the variety ‘Antey’ reliably differed from the standard variety ‘Batrak’ in terms of a set of breeding valuable traits. This variety has the most important economic and biological indicators, such as high productivity (2.75 t/ha), resistance to lodging (5 points), low susceptibility to diseases (4.5 points), high protein percentage (23.5 %). Based on phenological observations of pea crops, there have been identified some morphological features of this variety. The variety ‘Antey’ is a middle maturing one. The vegetation period lasts 70...75 days. The variety is determinate, plant height is 65 cm. The leafless type and compressed internodes of the new pea variety increase the resistance of shoots to lodging. The plants bear white flowers of medium size. Beans are shelled, straight. The number of seeds in a bean is 4–7. Our research has shown that over the course of three years in the Competitive Variety Testing, according to the above-mentioned traits, the variety ‘Antey’ significantly exceeds those of the standard variety ‘Batrak’, which made it possible to send this pea variety to the State Variety Testing in 2022. The variety ‘Antey’ is going to be tested in region 10 (West Siberian).","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-26-32
N. A. Kovtunova, V. V. Kovtunov, А. Romanyukin, Е. Shishova
Hybridization is the main method for developing new breeding material, obtaining genetic variability, and combining desired traits. The purpose of the current work is to characterize new promising varieties and hybrids of sweet and grass sorghum developed by the “ARC “Donskoy” because of hybridization on a sterile and fertile basis. The study was conducted on the breeding field of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, Zernograd, Rostov region in 2021–2023. The zone is characterized by ordinary carbonate chernozem (3.2 % of humus, 10–40 mg/kg of phosphorus, 70–110 mg/kg of nitrogen, 300–500 mg per kg of soil of potassium). Meteorological conditions during the years of study (2021–2023) were contrasting: in 2022, HTC = 0.52 indicated average aridity and insufficient moisture with 0.81–0.82 in 2021 and 2023. The objects of the study were the varieties and hybrids of Sudan grass and sugar sorghum developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. As a result of hybridization on a sterile basis, there was developed a number of sorghumSudan hybrids (‘Jetta x Kudesnitsa’, ‘APV-1115 x Topolina’, ‘APV-1115 x FP’, ‘Dobrynya’, ‘Gordey’) and sweet sorghum hybrids (‘APV-115 x Yuzhnoye’, ‘Jetta x Severanay Vishnya’, ‘Duet’), allowing to obtain green mass yields of 51–63 and 47–49 t/ha, which was higher than the standard by 5–17 t/ha (10.8–37.0 %) and 5–7 t/ha (11.9–16.7 %) respectively. Using intervarietal hybridization, almost all varieties developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” have been created. Among them there are the Sudan grass varieties ‘Alisa’, ‘Gratsiya’, ‘Anastasiya’, ‘Kudesnitsa’, ‘FP’ and the sweet sorghum varieties ‘Yuzhnoe’, ‘Feniks’, ‘Orfey’, ‘SK-20/334’, ‘Severanay Vishnya’ with a green mass yield of 40–48 and 34–38 t/ha, which is higher than that of standard varieties by 3–11 t/ha (8.1–29.7 %) and 7–11 t/ha (25.9–40.7 %), respectively. Thus, hybridization is the main method for developing new breeding material and combining the desired traits in new samples.
{"title":"Use of hybridization to develop new sorghum varieties and hybrids","authors":"N. A. Kovtunova, V. V. Kovtunov, А. Romanyukin, Е. Shishova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-26-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-26-32","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridization is the main method for developing new breeding material, obtaining genetic variability, and combining desired traits. The purpose of the current work is to characterize new promising varieties and hybrids of sweet and grass sorghum developed by the “ARC “Donskoy” because of hybridization on a sterile and fertile basis. The study was conducted on the breeding field of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, Zernograd, Rostov region in 2021–2023. The zone is characterized by ordinary carbonate chernozem (3.2 % of humus, 10–40 mg/kg of phosphorus, 70–110 mg/kg of nitrogen, 300–500 mg per kg of soil of potassium). Meteorological conditions during the years of study (2021–2023) were contrasting: in 2022, HTC = 0.52 indicated average aridity and insufficient moisture with 0.81–0.82 in 2021 and 2023. The objects of the study were the varieties and hybrids of Sudan grass and sugar sorghum developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. As a result of hybridization on a sterile basis, there was developed a number of sorghumSudan hybrids (‘Jetta x Kudesnitsa’, ‘APV-1115 x Topolina’, ‘APV-1115 x FP’, ‘Dobrynya’, ‘Gordey’) and sweet sorghum hybrids (‘APV-115 x Yuzhnoye’, ‘Jetta x Severanay Vishnya’, ‘Duet’), allowing to obtain green mass yields of 51–63 and 47–49 t/ha, which was higher than the standard by 5–17 t/ha (10.8–37.0 %) and 5–7 t/ha (11.9–16.7 %) respectively. Using intervarietal hybridization, almost all varieties developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” have been created. Among them there are the Sudan grass varieties ‘Alisa’, ‘Gratsiya’, ‘Anastasiya’, ‘Kudesnitsa’, ‘FP’ and the sweet sorghum varieties ‘Yuzhnoe’, ‘Feniks’, ‘Orfey’, ‘SK-20/334’, ‘Severanay Vishnya’ with a green mass yield of 40–48 and 34–38 t/ha, which is higher than that of standard varieties by 3–11 t/ha (8.1–29.7 %) and 7–11 t/ha (25.9–40.7 %), respectively. Thus, hybridization is the main method for developing new breeding material and combining the desired traits in new samples.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-55-60
G. Kuznetsova, R. Polyakova
The current study was carried out on the experimental fields of SES, a branch of VNIIMK in 2021–2023. The purpose was to estimate spring rape varieties and hybrids of various ecological and geographical origins based on the main economically valuable traits, to identify the most productive and adapted to the conditions of Western Siberia. The objects of the study were 16 varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign breeding. The variety ‘Yubileiny’ and the hybrid ‘Ozorno’ were used as a standard. There was established that environmental testing of spring rape varieties and hybrids made it possible to identify significant differences in the main economically valuable traits. In the conditions of Western Siberia, among the rape varieties, the maximum productivity over three years of study was demonstrated by the varieties ‘Yarky’ (2.50 t/ha), ‘Sibiryak 60’ (2.43 t/ha) and ‘55region’ (2.42 t/ha), and among the hybrids ‘PR46X75’ (2.68 t/ha) and ‘Salsa KL’ (2.57 t/ha) were the best according to this indicator. The highest seed productivity was obtained in 2021 and ranged from 2.51 to 3.29 t/ha for varieties and from 3.02 to 3.52 t/ha for hybrids. High oil content in seeds was noted under the conditions of 2022 in such varieties as ‘Granit’, ‘55region’, ‘Yarkiy’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Geros’ and amounted to 51.2–52.6 %. With a short vegetation period of up to 85 days, the varieties ‘Amulet’, ‘Ruyan’, ‘Erebus’ and ‘Forpost KL’ were identified as early maturing varieties. Middle maturing varieties with a vegetation period of 88–90 days included ‘Granit’, ‘Yarkiy’, ‘Prometey’ and ‘Geros’. The plant height varied from 80 to 101 cm for hybrids and from 88 to 120 cm for rape varieties. The trait ‘1000-seed weight’ varied from 3.6 to 4.2 g. The varieties ‘55region’, ‘Sibiryak 60’, ‘Yarkiy’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Prometey’ and ‘Forpost KL’ were of greatest interest for practical breeding according to the complex of economically valuable traits in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.
{"title":"Comparative estimation of spring rape varieties and hybrids in Western Siberia","authors":"G. Kuznetsova, R. Polyakova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-55-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-55-60","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out on the experimental fields of SES, a branch of VNIIMK in 2021–2023. The purpose was to estimate spring rape varieties and hybrids of various ecological and geographical origins based on the main economically valuable traits, to identify the most productive and adapted to the conditions of Western Siberia. The objects of the study were 16 varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign breeding. The variety ‘Yubileiny’ and the hybrid ‘Ozorno’ were used as a standard. There was established that environmental testing of spring rape varieties and hybrids made it possible to identify significant differences in the main economically valuable traits. In the conditions of Western Siberia, among the rape varieties, the maximum productivity over three years of study was demonstrated by the varieties ‘Yarky’ (2.50 t/ha), ‘Sibiryak 60’ (2.43 t/ha) and ‘55region’ (2.42 t/ha), and among the hybrids ‘PR46X75’ (2.68 t/ha) and ‘Salsa KL’ (2.57 t/ha) were the best according to this indicator. The highest seed productivity was obtained in 2021 and ranged from 2.51 to 3.29 t/ha for varieties and from 3.02 to 3.52 t/ha for hybrids. High oil content in seeds was noted under the conditions of 2022 in such varieties as ‘Granit’, ‘55region’, ‘Yarkiy’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Geros’ and amounted to 51.2–52.6 %. With a short vegetation period of up to 85 days, the varieties ‘Amulet’, ‘Ruyan’, ‘Erebus’ and ‘Forpost KL’ were identified as early maturing varieties. Middle maturing varieties with a vegetation period of 88–90 days included ‘Granit’, ‘Yarkiy’, ‘Prometey’ and ‘Geros’. The plant height varied from 80 to 101 cm for hybrids and from 88 to 120 cm for rape varieties. The trait ‘1000-seed weight’ varied from 3.6 to 4.2 g. The varieties ‘55region’, ‘Sibiryak 60’, ‘Yarkiy’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Prometey’ and ‘Forpost KL’ were of greatest interest for practical breeding according to the complex of economically valuable traits in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-19-25
V. I. Blokhin, I. Y. Nikiforova, I. S. Ganieva, M. Lanochkina, Yu. V. Malafeeva, D. Dyurbin
The aim of the work is to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of grain of spring barley varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research was conducted in Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC of Kazan Research Center RAS in 2015–2022. In the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, on average over the years of research, the late maturing variety Endan was characterized by reliably high values of 1000 grain weight (48.5 g), the early maturing variety Kamashevsky – reliably high values of natural grain weight (686, 3 g/l), convergence from 2.8 x 20 mm sieve (33.9 %) and coarseness (70.02 %), medium maturing variety Raushan – higher variability in 1000 grain weight (18.6 %), convergence from 2.8 and 2.5 x 20 mm sieves (55.6 and 29.7 %, respectively) and coarseness (39.5 %). The direct dependence of the mass of 1000 grains, runoff from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm and coarseness on the sum of precipitation (r = 0.41/0.58/0.56, respectively), GTC (r = 0.40/0.58/0.55, respectively) and inverse dependence of these physical and mechanical properties on the average daily air temperature (r = -0.51/-0.62/-0.63, respectively) of the interphase period "earing-full ripeness" were established at 1% significance level. Judging by the value of the coefficient of determination (r2), the most closely related to the average daily air temperature are the signs "mass of 1000 grains", "drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm" and "coarseness". The analysis of path coefficients revealed a high direct positive contribution (0.87) of 2.8 x 20 mm sieve runoff and an average direct positive contribution (0.43) of 2.5 x 20 mm sieve runoff to grain yield. Under the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, the prevailing contribution to the total variance of the traits "drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm", "coarseness", "weight of 1000 grains", "bulk grain weight", "drift from the sieve 2.5 x 20 mm" was made by the factor "year", which accounted for (in descending order) 81.7...80.3...76.6...76.2. 68.7 %, respectively.
该研究旨在分析在鞑靼斯坦共和国普雷德卡姆斯克地区条件下种植的春大麦品种谷粒的物理和机械特性。该研究于2015-2022年在俄罗斯科学院喀山研究中心塔塔尔斯基农业研究所（Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC）进行。在普雷德卡姆斯克地区的条件下，平均而言，晚熟品种 "恩丹 "的1000粒重（48.5克）值较高，早熟品种 "卡玛舍夫斯基 "的自然粒重（686，3克/升）值较高，从2.8 x 20 毫米筛网（33.9 %）和粗度（70.02 %），中熟品种劳山 - 1000 粒重的变异性较高（18.6 %），2.8 和 2.5 x 20 毫米筛网的趋同性（分别为 55.6 % 和 29.7 %）和粗度（39.5 %）。千粒重、2.8 x 20 毫米筛孔径流量和粗度与降水量之和（r = 0.41/0.58/0.56，分别为 0.41/0.58/0.56）和 GTC（r = 0.40/0.58/0.55，分别为 0.40/0.58/0.55）直接相关，而这些物理和机械特性与 "抽穗-全熟 "间期的日平均气温（r = -0.51/-0.62/-0.63，分别为 -0.51/-0.62/-0.63）反向相关，显著性水平为 1%。从判定系数（r2）值来看，与日平均气温关系最密切的是 "千粒重"、"2.8 x 20 毫米筛孔漂移 "和 "粗度"。路径系数分析表明，2.8 x 20 毫米筛孔径流对谷物产量的直接正贡献（0.87）较高，而 2.5 x 20 毫米筛孔径流对谷物产量的平均直接正贡献（0.43）较低。在普雷德卡姆斯克地区，"年份 "因素对 "2.8 x 20 毫米筛孔流出量"、"粗度"、"千粒重"、"容重"、"2.5 x 20 毫米筛孔流出量 "等性状的总方差贡献最大，分别占（从大到小）81.7...80.3...76.6...76.2%、68.7%。分别占 68.7%。
{"title":"Physical and mechanical properties of grain of spring barley varieties in the conditions of Tatarstan","authors":"V. I. Blokhin, I. Y. Nikiforova, I. S. Ganieva, M. Lanochkina, Yu. V. Malafeeva, D. Dyurbin","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-19-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-19-25","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work is to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of grain of spring barley varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research was conducted in Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC of Kazan Research Center RAS in 2015–2022. In the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, on average over the years of research, the late maturing variety Endan was characterized by reliably high values of 1000 grain weight (48.5 g), the early maturing variety Kamashevsky – reliably high values of natural grain weight (686, 3 g/l), convergence from 2.8 x 20 mm sieve (33.9 %) and coarseness (70.02 %), medium maturing variety Raushan – higher variability in 1000 grain weight (18.6 %), convergence from 2.8 and 2.5 x 20 mm sieves (55.6 and 29.7 %, respectively) and coarseness (39.5 %). The direct dependence of the mass of 1000 grains, runoff from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm and coarseness on the sum of precipitation (r = 0.41/0.58/0.56, respectively), GTC (r = 0.40/0.58/0.55, respectively) and inverse dependence of these physical and mechanical properties on the average daily air temperature (r = -0.51/-0.62/-0.63, respectively) of the interphase period \"earing-full ripeness\" were established at 1% significance level. Judging by the value of the coefficient of determination (r2), the most closely related to the average daily air temperature are the signs \"mass of 1000 grains\", \"drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm\" and \"coarseness\". The analysis of path coefficients revealed a high direct positive contribution (0.87) of 2.8 x 20 mm sieve runoff and an average direct positive contribution (0.43) of 2.5 x 20 mm sieve runoff to grain yield. Under the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, the prevailing contribution to the total variance of the traits \"drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm\", \"coarseness\", \"weight of 1000 grains\", \"bulk grain weight\", \"drift from the sieve 2.5 x 20 mm\" was made by the factor \"year\", which accounted for (in descending order) 81.7...80.3...76.6...76.2. 68.7 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":508743,"journal":{"name":"Grain Economy of Russia","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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