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From the Initial Celebration to the Current Disappointment, the Evolution of the Internet beyond Determinisms 从最初的庆祝到现在的失望,互联网的发展超越了决定论
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020099
Ezequiel Ramon-Pinat, Ludovico Longhi
In the first phase, the eruption of the Internet was embraced by academics who saw it as a way of involving young people in politics who had suffered from disaffection and rejection. They emphasized its emancipatory, horizontal, and participatory qualities. Decades later, a wave of disenchantment, apathy, and rejection of platforms has swept through the academy. The previous generation of technological determinists, who welcomed it with open arms, left the arena to their counterparts: the ones that claimed that we had no chance of participation and perpetuated industrial age exploitation. In this article, we will present the two opposite visions, but first, we will briefly review the Internet’s beginnings, its motivations, and its technical characteristics in order to better understand the two antagonistic positions.
在第一阶段,互联网的兴起受到了学术界的欢迎,他们认为互联网是让那些对政治不满和排斥的年轻人参与政治的一种方式。他们强调互联网的解放性、横向性和参与性。几十年后,一股对平台的失望、冷漠和排斥席卷了整个学术界。上一代的技术决定论者张开双臂欢迎平台的出现,但他们却把舞台留给了自己的同行:那些声称我们没有参与机会、延续工业时代剥削的人。在本文中,我们将介绍这两种截然相反的观点,但首先,我们将简要回顾互联网的起源、动机及其技术特点,以便更好地理解这两种对立的立场。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Death and Spectacular Death 数字死亡与壮观死亡
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020101
Johanna Sumiala, Michael Hviid Jacobsen
Throughout human history, individuals, communities and societies have always had to confront and tackle the problem of death. Consequently, death remains a topic of social scientific relevance, highlighting the need for its study and for theorising around it. This article analyses the development of the social scientific study of death and dying, taking inspiration from Philippe Ariès’s historical stages to discuss the recent developments in the field, namely the study of digital death. The article begins with a discussion of the visibility of death in modern society in the context of spectacular death. The analysis emphasises its four dimensions: mediatisation, commercialisation, re-ritualisation and the revolution in end-of-life care. The article moves on to discuss the emergence of digital death as the current stage and reflects on its similarities to spectacular death and its transformation of public imaginaries around death in contemporary society. The article concludes with a reflection on future developments in the field, specifically the emergence and study of artificial intelligence (AI) in digitalised death culture.
纵观人类历史,个人、社区和社会总是不得不面对和解决死亡问题。因此,死亡仍然是一个具有社会科学意义的话题,凸显了对其进行研究并围绕其展开理论探讨的必要性。本文分析了死亡与临终社会科学研究的发展,从菲利普-阿里斯的历史阶段中汲取灵感,讨论了该领域的最新发展,即数字死亡研究。文章首先从壮观死亡的角度讨论了死亡在现代社会中的可见性。分析强调了其四个方面:媒体化、商业化、重新仪式化和临终关怀革命。文章接着讨论了数字死亡作为当前阶段的出现,并反思了其与壮观死亡的相似之处及其对当代社会围绕死亡的公共想象的转变。文章最后反思了该领域的未来发展,特别是数字化死亡文化中人工智能(AI)的出现和研究。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Death and Spectacular Death 数字死亡与壮观死亡
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020101
Johanna Sumiala, Michael Hviid Jacobsen
Throughout human history, individuals, communities and societies have always had to confront and tackle the problem of death. Consequently, death remains a topic of social scientific relevance, highlighting the need for its study and for theorising around it. This article analyses the development of the social scientific study of death and dying, taking inspiration from Philippe Ariès’s historical stages to discuss the recent developments in the field, namely the study of digital death. The article begins with a discussion of the visibility of death in modern society in the context of spectacular death. The analysis emphasises its four dimensions: mediatisation, commercialisation, re-ritualisation and the revolution in end-of-life care. The article moves on to discuss the emergence of digital death as the current stage and reflects on its similarities to spectacular death and its transformation of public imaginaries around death in contemporary society. The article concludes with a reflection on future developments in the field, specifically the emergence and study of artificial intelligence (AI) in digitalised death culture.
纵观人类历史,个人、社区和社会总是不得不面对和解决死亡问题。因此,死亡仍然是一个具有社会科学意义的话题,凸显了对其进行研究并围绕其展开理论探讨的必要性。本文分析了死亡与临终社会科学研究的发展,从菲利普-阿里斯的历史阶段中汲取灵感,讨论了该领域的最新发展,即数字死亡研究。文章首先从壮观死亡的角度讨论了死亡在现代社会中的可见性。分析强调了其四个方面:媒体化、商业化、重新仪式化和临终关怀革命。文章接着讨论了数字死亡作为当前阶段的出现,并反思了其与壮观死亡的相似之处及其对当代社会围绕死亡的公共想象的转变。文章最后反思了该领域的未来发展,特别是数字化死亡文化中人工智能(AI)的出现和研究。
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引用次数: 0
Love and Basketball: The Wives and Partners within Athletic Family Systems 爱情与篮球运动员家庭系统中的妻子和伴侣
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020100
Ashley J. Blount, Kara Schneider, Abby L. Bjornsen Ramig, D. Kissinger
This article offers an examination of the lives of wives and partners of collegiate basketball coaches, employing the Bronfenbrenner Ecological model as a framework for analysis. While the world of sports coaching is routinely celebrated and scrutinized, the experiences and challenges faced by the wives and/or partners of these coaches remain relatively unexplored. This paper reviews the diverse systems influencing the lives of coaches’ partners and the need for holistic support mechanisms. By employing the Coaches’ Wives and Partners Adapted Bronfenbrenner Model as a conceptual framework, researchers, counselors and other helpers, and support networks can gain a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics at play and can offer more effective assistance to coaches’ partners as they navigate the unique challenges and opportunities associated with their role in the basketball world. Implications for the NCAA, universities/athletic departments, coaches, and coaches’ wives and partners are addressed.
本文采用布朗芬布伦纳生态模型作为分析框架,对大学篮球教练的妻子和伴侣的生活进行了研究。虽然体育教练的世界经常受到赞美和关注,但这些教练的妻子和/或伴侣所面临的经历和挑战却相对较少。本文回顾了影响教练伴侣生活的各种系统,以及建立全面支持机制的必要性。通过采用 "教练员妻子和伴侣布隆芬布伦纳改编模型 "作为概念框架,研究人员、辅导员和其他帮助者以及支持网络可以更深入地了解复杂的动态变化,并为教练员伴侣提供更有效的帮助,帮助他们应对与篮球世界中的角色相关的独特挑战和机遇。本文探讨了 NCAA、大学/体育部门、教练以及教练的妻子和伴侣所面临的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond the Shadow of Adults—Youth, Adultism, and Human Rights in the Contemporary Faroe Islands 超越成人的阴影--当代法罗群岛的青年、成人主义和人权
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020098
Firouz Gaini
This article discusses young people’s human rights situation in the Faroe Islands today by addressing youth participation issues from a cultural adultism perspective. It argues that the local cultural values and intergenerational relations in the family influence the multilayered and shifting nature of ‘Faroese adultism’. My purpose is to explore the ways through which young people are challenging adultism in their everyday life practices: what do they intend to change and what do they wish to sustain in their cultural struggle? This article is mainly based on empirical data from focus group discussions with young participants. The findings reveal that young people from the Faroe Islands—located in the Nordic Atlantic—do not consider adultism to have a negative impact on their wellbeing. This article, relying on theoretical scholarship and ideas from youth studies and island studies, contributes to a more nuanced understanding of human rights in the context of a small (family-oriented) island community in cultural and social transformation.
本文通过从文化成人主义的角度探讨青年参与问题,讨论了法罗群岛当今青年的人权状况。文章认为,当地的文化价值观和家庭中的代际关系影响着 "法罗群岛成人主义 "的多层次和不断变化的性质。我的目的是探索年轻人在日常生活实践中挑战成人主义的方式:他们打算改变什么,他们希望在文化斗争中维持什么?本文主要基于与青年参与者进行的焦点小组讨论的经验数据。研究结果表明,位于北欧大西洋的法罗群岛的年轻人并不认为成人主义会对他们的福祉产生负面影响。这篇文章以青年研究和岛屿研究的理论学术和观点为基础,有助于更细致地理解处于文化和社会转型中的小型(以家庭为导向的)岛屿社区的人权问题。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond the Shadow of Adults—Youth, Adultism, and Human Rights in the Contemporary Faroe Islands 超越成人的阴影--当代法罗群岛的青年、成人主义和人权
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020098
Firouz Gaini
This article discusses young people’s human rights situation in the Faroe Islands today by addressing youth participation issues from a cultural adultism perspective. It argues that the local cultural values and intergenerational relations in the family influence the multilayered and shifting nature of ‘Faroese adultism’. My purpose is to explore the ways through which young people are challenging adultism in their everyday life practices: what do they intend to change and what do they wish to sustain in their cultural struggle? This article is mainly based on empirical data from focus group discussions with young participants. The findings reveal that young people from the Faroe Islands—located in the Nordic Atlantic—do not consider adultism to have a negative impact on their wellbeing. This article, relying on theoretical scholarship and ideas from youth studies and island studies, contributes to a more nuanced understanding of human rights in the context of a small (family-oriented) island community in cultural and social transformation.
本文通过从文化成人主义的角度探讨青年参与问题,讨论了法罗群岛当今青年的人权状况。文章认为,当地的文化价值观和家庭中的代际关系影响着 "法罗群岛成人主义 "的多层次和不断变化的性质。我的目的是探索年轻人在日常生活实践中挑战成人主义的方式:他们打算改变什么,他们希望在文化斗争中维持什么?本文主要基于与青年参与者进行的焦点小组讨论的经验数据。研究结果表明,位于北欧大西洋的法罗群岛的年轻人并不认为成人主义会对他们的福祉产生负面影响。这篇文章以青年研究和岛屿研究的理论学术和观点为基础,有助于更细致地理解处于文化和社会转型中的小型(以家庭为导向的)岛屿社区的人权问题。
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引用次数: 0
“Will I Be Celebrated at the End of This Training?” Inclusive Research in Kenya "培训结束后我会受到表扬吗?肯尼亚的包容性研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020095
Rachael W. Wanjagua, Lieke van Heumen, Sarah Parker Harris
The development and practice of inclusive research with people with intellectual disabilities is complex, revealing challenges and lessons that inform innovative and novel methodological approaches. In Africa, inclusive research still lags for various reasons. First, due to societal misconceptions that portray people with intellectual disabilities as unable to self-advocate or as lacking agency and self-determination; second, due to a lack of trained researchers and ethics committees on inclusive research practices. This paper critically reflects on and discusses the strategies and methods used to conduct an inclusive research study in Kenya. The focus was on the methodological approach of including people with intellectual disabilities as researchers in Kenya. Two people with intellectual disabilities were trained as research assistants. This paper describes the experiences with Institutional Review Boards, the processes and experiences while training this research assistants using a UK-developed curriculum, and fieldwork experiences while piloting interview guides, conducting interviews, and conducting focus groups with this research assistants. This study findings indicate the need to culturally adapt co-researcher training, the importance of working with support personnel who empower researchers with intellectual disabilities, and the need for greater advocacy to change negative attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities that hinder their participation in research.
针对智障人士的全纳研究的发展和实践是复杂的,它揭示了各种挑战和经验教训,为创新和新颖的方法论提供了依据。在非洲,由于各种原因,包容性研究仍然滞后。首先,由于社会上存在误解,认为智障人士不能自我倡导,或缺乏能动性和自决权;其次,由于缺乏训练有素的研究人员和伦理委员会来开展全纳研究实践。本文批判性地反思和讨论了在肯尼亚开展包容性研究的策略和方法。重点是在肯尼亚让智障人士担任研究人员的方法。两名智障人士接受了研究助理培训。本文介绍了机构审查委员会的经验、使用英国开发的课程培训研究助理的过程和经验,以及与研究助理一起试用访谈指南、进行访谈和开展焦点小组的实地工作经验。研究结果表明,有必要对共同研究者的培训进行文化调整,有必要与支持人员合作,增强智障研究人员的能力,有必要加大宣传力度,改变阻碍智障人士参与研究的消极态度。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Gender-Related Digital Violence Training in Catalonia 加泰罗尼亚与性别有关的数字暴力培训评估
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020096
Catalina Guerrero-Sanchez, Jordi Bonet-Marti, Barbare Biglia
This study examines the results of evaluating a Catalan training program for practitioners working with survivors of gender-related violence. Considering the lack of scientific evidence previously shown by studies on this topic, this article aimed to triangulate the participants’ self-perception with their assessment of knowledge and competencies in tackling digital gender-related violence before and after the training. To do so, a pre-test and post-test case-based design was employed to identify and measure the participants’ improvement in self-perceived knowledge and their effective gain in knowledge and skills to address this kind of violence. Considering the contributions of a feminist evaluation approach, we also included in our evaluation the analysis of classroom interactions and the participants’ responses. The results overall demonstrate that the incorporation of assessment criteria from the feminist evaluation methodology increased the reliability of evaluation criteria. In addition, it also enabled us to identify the need to continue developing training programs that empower participants and prevent women and LGBTQI+ people from disengaging from digital spaces.
本研究探讨了一项加泰罗尼亚培训计划的评估结果,该培训计划面向从事性别暴力幸存者工作的从业人员。考虑到此前有关该主题的研究缺乏科学证据,本文旨在将参与者的自我认知与他们在培训前后对处理数字性别暴力的知识和能力的评估进行三角对比。为此,我们采用了前测和后测的案例式设计,以确定和衡量参与者在自我认知方面的进步,以及他们在应对此类暴力的知识和技能方面的有效收获。考虑到女性主义评估方法的贡献,我们还在评估中分析了课堂互动和参与者的反应。总体结果表明,纳入女性主义评估方法的评估标准提高了评估标准的可靠性。此外,它还使我们明确了继续开发培训项目的必要性,以增强参与者的能力,防止女性和 LGBTQI+ 人群脱离数字空间。
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引用次数: 0
“Will I Be Celebrated at the End of This Training?” Inclusive Research in Kenya "培训结束后我会受到表扬吗?肯尼亚的包容性研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020095
Rachael W. Wanjagua, Lieke van Heumen, Sarah Parker Harris
The development and practice of inclusive research with people with intellectual disabilities is complex, revealing challenges and lessons that inform innovative and novel methodological approaches. In Africa, inclusive research still lags for various reasons. First, due to societal misconceptions that portray people with intellectual disabilities as unable to self-advocate or as lacking agency and self-determination; second, due to a lack of trained researchers and ethics committees on inclusive research practices. This paper critically reflects on and discusses the strategies and methods used to conduct an inclusive research study in Kenya. The focus was on the methodological approach of including people with intellectual disabilities as researchers in Kenya. Two people with intellectual disabilities were trained as research assistants. This paper describes the experiences with Institutional Review Boards, the processes and experiences while training this research assistants using a UK-developed curriculum, and fieldwork experiences while piloting interview guides, conducting interviews, and conducting focus groups with this research assistants. This study findings indicate the need to culturally adapt co-researcher training, the importance of working with support personnel who empower researchers with intellectual disabilities, and the need for greater advocacy to change negative attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities that hinder their participation in research.
针对智障人士的全纳研究的发展和实践是复杂的,它揭示了各种挑战和经验教训,为创新和新颖的方法论提供了依据。在非洲,由于各种原因,包容性研究仍然滞后。首先,由于社会上存在误解,认为智障人士不能自我倡导,或缺乏能动性和自决权;其次,由于缺乏训练有素的研究人员和伦理委员会来开展全纳研究实践。本文批判性地反思和讨论了在肯尼亚开展包容性研究的策略和方法。重点是在肯尼亚让智障人士担任研究人员的方法。两名智障人士接受了研究助理培训。本文介绍了机构审查委员会的经验、使用英国开发的课程培训研究助理的过程和经验,以及与研究助理一起试用访谈指南、进行访谈和开展焦点小组的实地工作经验。研究结果表明,有必要对共同研究者的培训进行文化调整,有必要与支持人员合作,增强智障研究人员的能力,有必要加大宣传力度,改变阻碍智障人士参与研究的消极态度。
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引用次数: 0
Communication about Purchase Desires between Children and Their Parents in Croatia 克罗地亚儿童与父母之间关于购买欲望的交流
Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020097
Vanesa Varga, Mateja Plenković, Marina Merkaš
The main aim of this study is to describe the communication between children and parents about children’s desired purchases of items in Croatia. Online focus groups were conducted with children ages 11 to 15, and their parents, using a pre-prepared list of questions. The constant comparative method was applied, and the data were coded thematically, meaning data were organized into groups or codes on the basis of repeating keywords in the transcripts. The analysis shows children mostly ask their parents for clothing items and food. The findings indicate children and parents resolve the purchase decisions based on a few communication themes. Children employ persuasion, bargaining, and negotiation communication to acquire their desired items. As a response, parents employ bargaining and negotiation communication, budgeting and financial communication, usefulness and need communication, and postponed purchase communication. This research contributes to a better understanding of child and parent communication related to child purchase wishes and parent–child communication.
本研究的主要目的是描述克罗地亚儿童与父母就儿童希望购买的物品进行交流的情况。使用事先准备好的问题清单,对 11 至 15 岁的儿童及其父母进行了在线焦点小组讨论。我们采用了恒定比较法,并对数据进行了主题编码,即根据记录中重复出现的关键词,将数据归类或编码。分析表明,孩子们大多会向父母索要衣物和食物。研究结果表明,儿童和父母是根据几个交流主题来决定购买的。孩子们通过劝说、讨价还价和协商沟通来获得他们想要的物品。作为回应,父母则采用讨价还价和协商沟通、预算和财务沟通、有用性和需求沟通以及推迟购买沟通。这项研究有助于更好地理解与儿童购买愿望和亲子沟通有关的儿童和父母沟通。
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引用次数: 0
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