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Excluded but Fighting: Where Are the Voices of Sex Workers and Their Allies in EU Anti-Trafficking Policymaking? 被排除在外但仍在战斗:欧盟反人口贩运决策中性工作者及其盟友的声音在哪里?
Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030148
Irena Ferčíková Konečná
The ‘end demand’ approach to prostitution has been popping up in Europe through the anti-trafficking debate and receives increasing attention on the international agenda. It is well recognized that improving workers’ rights, increasing unionization and collective bargaining coverage are effective strategies for tackling trafficking. However, with regard to sexual exploitation, focus is not on these strategies but instead on the abolition of the entire sex industry with the help of criminal justice systems. In first decade after the Palermo Protocol (2000), international organizations (IGOs) promoted a human rights-based approach to tackling trafficking, aiming to balance the criminal justice focus of the protocol. This work guided states on how to maintain and protect human rights while combating human trafficking. However, the explosive issue of sex work/prostitution was minimized, with IGOs avoiding the topic due to the fragile consensus about the definition of human trafficking and state obligations. Meanwhile, sex workers’ collectives and unions globally and throughout Europe developed their own strategies on how to address widespread criminalization, discrimination, violence and exploitation, with no or very limited funding and resources—and without recognition of their work, experience and expertise. This article presents how the European Sex Workers’ Rights Alliance (ESWA) and other sex workers’ rights civil society organizations have sought to challenge the harmful impacts of the ‘end demand’ discourse and the criminalization of sex work in the name of anti-trafficking in Europe.
通过打击人口贩运的辩论,"杜绝需求 "的卖淫方式在欧洲不断涌现,并在国际议程上受到越来越多的关注。众所周知,改善工人权利、提高工会组织和集体谈判的覆盖率是解决人口贩运问题的有效战略。然而,在性剥削问题上,重点并不在这些战略上,而是在刑事司法系统的帮助下废除整个性产业。在《巴勒莫议定书》(2000 年)签署后的第一个十年,国际组织(IGOs)推动以人权为基础的方法来解决人口贩运问题,旨在平衡议定书的刑事司法重点。这项工作指导各国如何在打击人口贩运的同时维护和保护人权。然而,性工作/卖淫这一爆炸性问题被最小化了,由于对人口贩运的定义和国家义务的共识还很脆弱,政府间组织回避了这一话题。与此同时,全球和整个欧洲的性工作者团体和工会在没有资金和资源或资金和资源非常有限的情况下,在其工作、经验和专业知识得不到认可的情况下,就如何解决普遍存在的定罪、歧视、暴力和剥削问题制定了自己的战略。本文介绍了欧洲性工作者权利联盟(ESWA)和其他性工作者权利民间组织如何以欧洲反人口贩运为名,试图挑战 "终结需求 "话语和性工作刑事化的有害影响。
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引用次数: 0
Rally and Rage: The Gap between Specific and Pandemic-Specific Support for Governments in Europe 集结与愤怒:欧洲各国政府获得的具体支持与针对大流行病的支持之间的差距
Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030146
Klára Vlachová
In times of the COVID-19 pandemic, the public generally expressed high pandemic-specific support for their governments. Analysis based on ESS Round 10 COVID-19 module data from 20 countries shows, however, that there was a gap between pandemic-specific and specific support for governments in European states. A positive gap in favor of pandemic-specific support for governments was found among 52.7% of the respondents, while a negative trend was observed among 24.0% of the respondents. Younger people, those self-employed or working for family businesses, students, those with better subjective health, and people who tested positive for or thought they had suffered from COVID-19 expressed less satisfaction with the government’s handling of COVID-19 in their country compared to general satisfaction with national government performance. Political opinions affected the support gap too; people who were satisfied with the way democracy works, were less trusting of their government’s ability to control the spread of the pathogen, preferred their own decisions over compliance with government restrictions, and perceived that their government failed to manage the health–economy trade-off restrained their pandemic-specific support for the government as well.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间,公众普遍对本国政府表示了较高的针对大流行的支持。然而,根据来自 20 个国家的欧洲社会调查第 10 轮 COVID-19 模块数据进行的分析表明,欧洲国家对政府的特定大流行支持与特定大流行支持之间存在差距。52.7%的受访者表示支持针对大流行病的政府,而 24.0%的受访者表示不支持。年轻人、自营职业者或为家族企业工作的人、学生、主观健康状况较好的人以及 COVID-19 检测呈阳性或认为自己曾感染过 COVID-19 的人对本国政府处理 COVID-19 的满意度低于对国家政府表现的总体满意度。政治观点也会影响支持率的差距;对民主运作方式感到满意的人,不太信任政府控制病原体传播的能力的人,倾向于自己做决定而不是遵守政府限制的人,以及认为政府未能管理好健康与经济之间的权衡的人,都会限制他们对政府的支持。
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引用次数: 0
RETRACTED: Olujobi, Olusola Joshua. 2020. Analysis of the Legal Framework Governing Gas Flaring in Nigeria’s Upstream Petroleum Sector and the Need for Overhauling. Social Sciences 9: 132 撤回:Olujobi, Olusola Joshua.2020.尼日利亚上游石油部门天然气燃烧法律框架分析及全面改革的必要性》。社会科学 9: 132
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030143
O. Olujobi
The Social Science Editorial Office retracts the article, “Analysis of the Legal Framework Governing Gas Flaring in Nigeria’s Upstream Petroleum Sector and the Need for Overhauling” (Olujobi 2020), cited above [...]
社会科学编辑部撤回上文引用的文章《尼日利亚上游石油部门天然气燃烧管理法律框架分析及全面改革的必要性》(Olujobi 2020)[...]
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引用次数: 0
Trade and Labor-Allocation: Evidence from Sectoral Embodied Labor Transfer between China and Africa 贸易与劳动力配置:中国与非洲之间部门性体现劳动力转移的证据
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030144
Xi Ji, Yifang Liu, Jingyu Yin
Under the influence of international trade, labor flow not only exists in the waves of international labor migration but is also embodied in international products and services. This paper focused on members of the China–Africa Cooperation Forum (FOCAC). We computed and analyzed the sectoral embodied labor transfer between China and Africa from 2000 to 2015 based on the Multiregional Input-Output Method. Our results are as follows: (1) Both China and Africa play roles as labor suppliers in the global supply chain. By ameliorating the trade structure, both China and Africa can better utilize their labor surplus. (2) China and Africa share complementarity in sectoral labor allocation. In short, the embodied labor transfer via international trade between China and Africa has, to some extent, relieved the labor shortage on both sides. (3) Africa has transformed into a net exporter of industrial labor since 2011. By analyzing the embodied labor flow from the global perspective, this paper beats a new path in depicting the effect of international trade on labor allocation, enriches the evaluation of embodied labor transfer between China and Africa, and also provides a beneficial supplement to Multiregional Input-Output analysis in the field of factor flows.
在国际贸易的影响下,劳动力流动不仅存在于国际劳动力迁移的浪潮中,也体现在国际产品和服务中。本文以中非合作论坛(FOCAC)成员国为研究对象。我们基于多区域投入产出法,计算并分析了 2000 年至 2015 年中国与非洲之间的部门内含劳动力转移。结果如下(1) 中国和非洲在全球供应链中都扮演着劳动力供应国的角色。通过改善贸易结构,中国和非洲都能更好地利用其剩余劳动力。(2)中非在部门劳动力配置上具有互补性。简言之,中非通过国际贸易实现的劳动力转移在一定程度上缓解了双方的劳动力短缺问题。(3)2011 年以来,非洲已转变为工业劳动力净输出国。通过从全球视角分析体现劳动力流动,本文在刻画国际贸易对劳动力配置的影响方面走出了一条新路,丰富了对中非体现劳动力转移的评价,也为要素流动领域的多区域投入产出分析提供了有益补充。
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引用次数: 0
Reasonable Hopes and Little Progress! 希望合理,进展甚微!
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030139
Sorin Cace, Nina Stănescu, Corina Cace
In this article, we aim to describe how the Operational Programme for the Support of Disadvantaged People (POAD), part of the European Fund for the Most Disadvantaged People (FEAD), has contributed to reducing the number of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion in Romania. We highlight the role of the auxiliary measures that accompanied the food support programme, as well as the added-value element of the implementation of the programme in Romania, emphasising the introduction of electronic social vouchers for hot meals for the eligible target group and electronic social vouchers to provide educational support for disadvantaged children. The research methodology used considered combinations of quantitative and qualitative methods, combining multiple data sources to reflect the perspectives of all stakeholders and relating quantitative data to representative samples using a participatory approach. Macro-level data on risk-of-poverty and social exclusion indicators, as well as information from sectoral analyses (social transfers), show an improvement in the situation of people in the POAD target group and a decrease in the number of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion. However, progress is limited, and it is difficult to determine the degree to which this is due to the POAD. Romania still ranks lowest in the European Union in terms of indicators measuring the risk of poverty and social exclusion. The provision and monitoring of accompanying programmes are an area where the potential of POAD could be further exploited. The need to strengthen the accompanying measures is extraordinarily strong and emerges from the analysis of information provided by final beneficiaries and public authorities responsible for the implementation of the programme. The distribution of social vouchers enables final beneficiaries to choose the goods they need. Purchases with social vouchers are less affected by the risks of financial corrections, final beneficiaries can monitor the consumption of the support received in real time, the number of supporting documents is reduced, and reimbursement is issued only for the amounts used by final beneficiaries.
在本文中,我们将介绍作为欧洲援助处境最不利人群基金(FEAD)一部分的 "援助处境不利人群行动方案"(POAD)是如何帮助减少罗马尼亚面临贫困和社会排斥风险的人数的。我们强调了与食品支持计划相配套的辅助措施的作用,以及在罗马尼亚实施该计划的增值因素,重点介绍了为符合条件的目标群体提供热餐的电子社会福利券,以及为弱势儿童提供教育支持的电子社会福利券。所采用的研究方法考虑了定量和定性方法的结合,将多种数据来源结合起来,以反映所有利益攸关方的观点,并采用参与式方法将定量数据与代表性样本联系起来。关于贫困风险和社会排斥指标的宏观数据以及部门分析(社会转移)的信息表明, POAD 目标群体的状况有所改善,面临贫困和社会排斥风险的人数有所减少。然而,取得的进展是有限的,很难确定这在多大程度上归功于《消除贫困行动计划》。在衡量贫困和社会排斥风险的指标方面,罗马尼亚在欧盟的排名仍然最低。在提供和监测配套方案方面,可以进一步挖掘 POAD 的潜力。对最终受益人和负责实施该计划的公共当局提供的信息进行分析后发现,加强 配套措施的必要性特别大。社会福利券的发放使最终受益人能够选择他们需要的商品。使用社会福利券购买物品时,受财务纠错风险的影响较小,最终受益人可以实时监测所获支助的消费情况,证明文件的数量也减少了,而且只对最终受益人使用的金额进行报销。
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引用次数: 0
Inclusive Teaching in Higher Education: Challenges of Diversity in Learning Situations from the Lecturer Perspective 高等教育中的全纳教学:从讲师角度看学习环境多样性的挑战
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030140
Rannveig Svendby
This paper contributes to the dialogue around how to increase inclusion in higher education, taking the lecturer perspective as the point of departure. Theoretically, disability is understood as an interaction, which means that lecturers partake in the constitution of dis/ability in learning situations. Two qualitative interviews were conducted with an interdisciplinary lecturer employed in an institution of higher education in Norway. These data are used for this single case study to illustrate and reflect on the challenges of diversity in learning situations. Findings suggest that the lecturer struggles to encounter their increasingly diverse student population inclusively. Overall, her experiences unpack the outcome of a structural lack of prioritization to ensure accessibility for disabled students at an institutional level at the university where she is employed. This article emphasizes that the responsibility to ensure an inclusive teaching practice in higher education must be recognized and treated as an institutional obligation. To signal its priority, all institutions of higher education should make inclusive training obligatory for lecturers, as well as assigning hours to work on enhancing the development of inclusive skills in this group.
本文以讲师的视角为出发点,为围绕如何提高高等教育的全纳性展开的对话做出了贡献。从理论上讲,残疾被理解为一种互动,这意味着讲师参与了学习情境中残疾/无能力的构成。我们对挪威一所高等教育机构的一名跨学科讲师进行了两次定性访谈。这些数据被用于这项单一案例研究,以说明和反思学习情境中的多样性挑战。研究结果表明,这位讲师在与日益多样化的学生群体进行包容性接触时遇到了困难。总之,她的经历揭示了她所在的大学在机构层面上缺乏优先确保残疾学生无障碍环境的结构性结果。本文强调,必须认识到确保高等教育全纳教学实践的责任,并将其视为一项机构义务。为了表明其优先地位,所有高等院校都应规定讲师必须接受全纳培训,并分配一定的工作时间,以提高这一群体的全纳技能。
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引用次数: 0
“Not Everyone Can Become a Rocket Scientist”: Decolonising Children’s Rights in Ethnic Minority Childhoods in Norway "并非人人都能成为火箭科学家":挪威少数民族童年中的非殖民化儿童权利
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020117
Marit Ursin, I. Lyså
This paper uses a case study to critically reflect on contemporary discourses in Norway connected to ethnic minority childhoods and children’s rights to education and work. Based on a narrative interview with an ethnic minority girl, Sadja (aged 16), who is in state custody and lives with a foster family, we use a decolonial lens to explore the tensions in expectations and rights in her life and education. The tensions encountered are situated along three axes. The first axis illustrates tensions related to education, work, and responsibilities, as Sadja’s family responsibilities are perceived by teachers and child welfare workers as preventing her from having “a proper childhood”. The second axis explores tensions connected to independence, educational choice, and “belonging to the state”, where Sadja experiences that being in state custody results in being unable to “follow her dream”. The third axis reflects the tensions between parental expectations of “dreaming big” versus her surrounding environment’s anticipation of her simply getting a job. In sum, Sadja’s experiences suggest that contemporary Western discourses—such as individualism, self-autonomy, and children as human capital—paradoxically curtail the educational rights and trajectories of ethnic minority children in foster care in Norway in unforeseen and unfortunate ways.
本文通过一个案例研究,对挪威当代有关少数民族童年以及儿童教育和工作权利的论述进行批判性反思。根据对被国家监护并与寄养家庭生活在一起的少数民族女孩萨佳(16 岁)的叙述性访谈,我们使用非殖民主义视角探讨了她的生活和教育中的期望与权利之间的紧张关系。所遇到的紧张关系有三个轴心。第一条轴线说明了与教育、工作和责任有关的紧张关系,因为教师和儿童福利工作者认为萨德佳的家庭责任阻碍了她 "正常的童年"。第二条轴线探讨了与独立、教育选择和 "属于国家 "有关的紧张关系,萨德佳在这条轴线上体验到,被国家监护导致她无法 "追逐梦想"。第三条轴线反映了父母对她 "远大梦想 "的期望与周围环境对她仅仅获得一份工作的期待之间的矛盾。总之,萨迪娅的经历表明,当代西方话语--如个人主义、自主性和儿童作为人力资本--以不可预见和不幸的方式反向限制了挪威寄养少数民族儿童的教育权利和发展轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
“Not Everyone Can Become a Rocket Scientist”: Decolonising Children’s Rights in Ethnic Minority Childhoods in Norway "并非人人都能成为火箭科学家":挪威少数民族童年中的非殖民化儿童权利
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020117
Marit Ursin, I. Lyså
This paper uses a case study to critically reflect on contemporary discourses in Norway connected to ethnic minority childhoods and children’s rights to education and work. Based on a narrative interview with an ethnic minority girl, Sadja (aged 16), who is in state custody and lives with a foster family, we use a decolonial lens to explore the tensions in expectations and rights in her life and education. The tensions encountered are situated along three axes. The first axis illustrates tensions related to education, work, and responsibilities, as Sadja’s family responsibilities are perceived by teachers and child welfare workers as preventing her from having “a proper childhood”. The second axis explores tensions connected to independence, educational choice, and “belonging to the state”, where Sadja experiences that being in state custody results in being unable to “follow her dream”. The third axis reflects the tensions between parental expectations of “dreaming big” versus her surrounding environment’s anticipation of her simply getting a job. In sum, Sadja’s experiences suggest that contemporary Western discourses—such as individualism, self-autonomy, and children as human capital—paradoxically curtail the educational rights and trajectories of ethnic minority children in foster care in Norway in unforeseen and unfortunate ways.
本文通过一个案例研究,对挪威当代有关少数民族童年以及儿童教育和工作权利的论述进行批判性反思。根据对被国家监护并与寄养家庭生活在一起的少数民族女孩萨佳(16 岁)的叙述性访谈,我们使用非殖民主义视角探讨了她的生活和教育中的期望与权利之间的紧张关系。所遇到的紧张关系有三个轴心。第一条轴线说明了与教育、工作和责任有关的紧张关系,因为教师和儿童福利工作者认为萨德佳的家庭责任阻碍了她 "正常的童年"。第二条轴线探讨了与独立、教育选择和 "属于国家 "有关的紧张关系,萨德佳在这条轴线上体验到,被国家监护导致她无法 "追逐梦想"。第三条轴线反映了父母对她 "远大梦想 "的期望与周围环境对她仅仅获得一份工作的期待之间的矛盾。总之,萨迪娅的经历表明,当代西方话语--如个人主义、自主性和儿童作为人力资本--以不可预见和不幸的方式反向限制了挪威寄养少数民族儿童的教育权利和发展轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Disability Theatre as Critical Participatory Action Research: Lessons for Inclusive Research 残疾人戏剧作为批判性参与行动研究:对包容性研究的启示
Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020116
R. Hole, Leyton Schnellert
Informed by critical disability studies and disability justice, this article describes the reflections of two university researchers co-researching with self-advocates (individuals with intellectual disability), theatre artists, researchers, and a community living society to create social justice disability theatre as critical participatory research (CPAR), demonstrating how disability theatre can contribute to and advance inclusive research practice. Disability justice-informed theatre as CPAR has direct relevance to people with intellectual disabilities; offers a platform where self-advocates’ diverse ways to communicate and be in the world are honoured and taken up as resources to the research and community; and can generate mentorship opportunities for self-advocates to learn, practice, and develop research skills. Significances include showing how the theatre creation process (devising, developing, and refining scenes) is research in itself and how tensions are recognized as sites of possibility. Future research should explore how increasing pathways to communication, co-creation of KT strategies, and protocols for power sharing and problem solving within disability theatre as CPAR impact the roles, outcomes, and experiences of disabled and non-disabled researchers and audience members.
在批判性残疾研究和残疾公正的启发下,本文描述了两位大学研究人员与自我倡导者(智障人士)、戏剧艺术家、研究人员和社区生活协会共同开展研究,以创造作为批判性参与研究(CPAR)的社会公正残疾戏剧的反思,展示了残疾戏剧如何促进和推动包容性研究实践。作为关键参与式研究(CPAR)的以残疾公正为基础的戏剧与智障人士直接相关;提供了一个平台,让自我倡导者的各种交流和处世方式得到尊重,并作为研究和社区的资源;还能为自我倡导者提供学习、实践和发展研究技能的指导机会。其意义包括展示了戏剧创作过程(设计、发展和完善场景)本身是如何研究的,以及如何将紧张关系视为可能性的场所。未来的研究应探索在作为 CPAR 的残疾人戏剧中,增加沟通途径、共同创造 KT 战略以及权力分享和问题解决协议如何影响残疾人和非残疾人研究人员及观众的角色、成果和体验。
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引用次数: 0
Disability Theatre as Critical Participatory Action Research: Lessons for Inclusive Research 残疾人戏剧作为批判性参与行动研究:对包容性研究的启示
Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13020116
R. Hole, Leyton Schnellert
Informed by critical disability studies and disability justice, this article describes the reflections of two university researchers co-researching with self-advocates (individuals with intellectual disability), theatre artists, researchers, and a community living society to create social justice disability theatre as critical participatory research (CPAR), demonstrating how disability theatre can contribute to and advance inclusive research practice. Disability justice-informed theatre as CPAR has direct relevance to people with intellectual disabilities; offers a platform where self-advocates’ diverse ways to communicate and be in the world are honoured and taken up as resources to the research and community; and can generate mentorship opportunities for self-advocates to learn, practice, and develop research skills. Significances include showing how the theatre creation process (devising, developing, and refining scenes) is research in itself and how tensions are recognized as sites of possibility. Future research should explore how increasing pathways to communication, co-creation of KT strategies, and protocols for power sharing and problem solving within disability theatre as CPAR impact the roles, outcomes, and experiences of disabled and non-disabled researchers and audience members.
在批判性残疾研究和残疾公正的启发下,本文描述了两位大学研究人员与自我倡导者(智障人士)、戏剧艺术家、研究人员和社区生活协会共同开展研究,以创造作为批判性参与研究(CPAR)的社会公正残疾戏剧的反思,展示了残疾戏剧如何促进和推动包容性研究实践。作为关键参与式研究(CPAR)的以残疾公正为基础的戏剧与智障人士直接相关;提供了一个平台,让自我倡导者的各种交流和处世方式得到尊重,并作为研究和社区的资源;还能为自我倡导者提供学习、实践和发展研究技能的指导机会。其意义包括展示了戏剧创作过程(设计、发展和完善场景)本身是如何研究的,以及如何将紧张关系视为可能性的场所。未来的研究应探索在作为 CPAR 的残疾人戏剧中,增加沟通途径、共同创造 KT 战略以及权力分享和问题解决协议如何影响残疾人和非残疾人研究人员及观众的角色、成果和体验。
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引用次数: 0
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