Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1177/13506501241238029
Deliang Hua, Xiujiang Shi, Wen Sun, Xiqun Lu
During the operation of the marine cam–tappet pair, affected by periodic dynamic load, transient velocity, and micromorphology, it usually operates in a mixed lubrication state. Under extreme operational conditions, contact is likely to occur at the asperity of the interface, leading to problems such as stress concentration and dry contact. Considering the transient dynamics and three-dimensional roughness of cam–tappet pair, a mixed-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model is developed in this article, while the effects of surface waviness on the lubrication state are also investigated. The results show that the film thickness can be increased by 0.098 μm, and the coefficient of friction can be reduced by 10.6% when the wavelength ratio ranges from 1/6 to 6. However, when the amplitude exceeds 0.6 μm, the coefficient of friction may reach 0.10. Under conditions of low speed and high load, the film thickness decreases and contact load ratio increases. And about 30% reduction in film thickness is achieved on cam–tappet pair, potentially leading to increased wear or scuffing failure.
{"title":"Modeling and analysis of 3D mixed lubrication in marine cam–tappet pair","authors":"Deliang Hua, Xiujiang Shi, Wen Sun, Xiqun Lu","doi":"10.1177/13506501241238029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501241238029","url":null,"abstract":"During the operation of the marine cam–tappet pair, affected by periodic dynamic load, transient velocity, and micromorphology, it usually operates in a mixed lubrication state. Under extreme operational conditions, contact is likely to occur at the asperity of the interface, leading to problems such as stress concentration and dry contact. Considering the transient dynamics and three-dimensional roughness of cam–tappet pair, a mixed-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model is developed in this article, while the effects of surface waviness on the lubrication state are also investigated. The results show that the film thickness can be increased by 0.098 μm, and the coefficient of friction can be reduced by 10.6% when the wavelength ratio ranges from 1/6 to 6. However, when the amplitude exceeds 0.6 μm, the coefficient of friction may reach 0.10. Under conditions of low speed and high load, the film thickness decreases and contact load ratio increases. And about 30% reduction in film thickness is achieved on cam–tappet pair, potentially leading to increased wear or scuffing failure.","PeriodicalId":509096,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/13506501241236826
Nurul Liyana Rahman, H. Amiruddin, M. Abdollah, Noritsugu Umehara
This study aims to examine the impact of carbon precursor materials, which are oil palm fiber (OPF) and waste polystyrene (PS), on friction and wear properties of paraffin base oil added with graphene-coated copper (Cu) additive. The graphene was synthesized on Cu particles via hydrogen-free chemical vapor deposition method. The graphene was characterized using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The lubricity properties of 0.6 wt.% of synthesized graphene-coated Cu additive in paraffin base oil was analyzed based on its tribological behavior using a four-ball tribometer. From the quantitative and qualitative characterization analysis, graphene-coated Cu additive synthesized using 50 wt.% OPF carbon precursors has a good-quality graphene with minimal defects and a well-ordered lattice structure. From the tribological analysis, the paraffin base oil added with graphene-coated Cu additive synthesized using 50 wt.% OPF carbon precursor has the lowest coefficient of friction of 0.07 and wear rate of 1.6 × 10−5 mm3/min. Hence, it can be suggested that incorporating graphene-coated Cu particles, synthesized from a 50 wt.% OPF carbon precursor, into base oil shows great potential as an environmentally friendly additive, particularly in terms of enhancing lubrication performance.
{"title":"Lubricity performance of hydrogen-free CVD growth of graphene on copper particles as an additive in paraffin base oil","authors":"Nurul Liyana Rahman, H. Amiruddin, M. Abdollah, Noritsugu Umehara","doi":"10.1177/13506501241236826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501241236826","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the impact of carbon precursor materials, which are oil palm fiber (OPF) and waste polystyrene (PS), on friction and wear properties of paraffin base oil added with graphene-coated copper (Cu) additive. The graphene was synthesized on Cu particles via hydrogen-free chemical vapor deposition method. The graphene was characterized using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The lubricity properties of 0.6 wt.% of synthesized graphene-coated Cu additive in paraffin base oil was analyzed based on its tribological behavior using a four-ball tribometer. From the quantitative and qualitative characterization analysis, graphene-coated Cu additive synthesized using 50 wt.% OPF carbon precursors has a good-quality graphene with minimal defects and a well-ordered lattice structure. From the tribological analysis, the paraffin base oil added with graphene-coated Cu additive synthesized using 50 wt.% OPF carbon precursor has the lowest coefficient of friction of 0.07 and wear rate of 1.6 × 10−5 mm3/min. Hence, it can be suggested that incorporating graphene-coated Cu particles, synthesized from a 50 wt.% OPF carbon precursor, into base oil shows great potential as an environmentally friendly additive, particularly in terms of enhancing lubrication performance.","PeriodicalId":509096,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/13506501241234981
Lasse Jakobsen, Timo Bagehorn, Ion Sivebaek, F. G. Lysdal
Slipping is a major cause of occupational accidents and numerous footwear factors and features, as well as the testing conditions, affects a shoe's ability to resist slipping. The aim of this study was to compare slip resistance certification data from five certified shoes with measurements performed on a mechanical test setup in accordance with the ISO 20347:2012 standard, as well as determining their performance in a biofidelic setup that resembles the biomechanics of slipping. Certification data attributed Shoe #3 with the highest slip resistance, and our mechanical assessment of the same footwear models showed that Shoe #2 had the higher slip resistance and was superior under more biofidelic testing parameters. Based on our mechanical evaluations, specific engineering considerations such as an increase in both the heel beveling and the midsole thickness can advantageously enhance slip resistance. Further investigation in a clinical setting will provide insights on how these engineered footwear adjustments could enhance friction and ultimately enhance occupational safety.
滑倒是职业事故的一个主要原因，鞋类的众多因素和特征以及测试条件都会影响鞋子的防滑能力。本研究的目的是比较五款认证鞋的防滑认证数据与根据 ISO 20347:2012 标准在机械测试装置上进行的测量结果，并确定它们在类似滑倒生物力学的生物保真装置中的性能。认证数据显示 3 号鞋具有最高的防滑性，而我们对相同鞋款进行的机械评估显示，2 号鞋具有更高的防滑性，并且在更符合生物保真度的测试参数下更胜一筹。根据我们的机械评估结果，具体的工程考虑因素（如增加鞋跟斜面和中底厚度）可有效提高防滑性。在临床环境中的进一步研究将有助于深入了解这些工程鞋类调整如何增强摩擦力，并最终提高职业安全。
{"title":"Comparison of mechanical friction evaluations from occupational footwear certified as slip resistant","authors":"Lasse Jakobsen, Timo Bagehorn, Ion Sivebaek, F. G. Lysdal","doi":"10.1177/13506501241234981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501241234981","url":null,"abstract":"Slipping is a major cause of occupational accidents and numerous footwear factors and features, as well as the testing conditions, affects a shoe's ability to resist slipping. The aim of this study was to compare slip resistance certification data from five certified shoes with measurements performed on a mechanical test setup in accordance with the ISO 20347:2012 standard, as well as determining their performance in a biofidelic setup that resembles the biomechanics of slipping. Certification data attributed Shoe #3 with the highest slip resistance, and our mechanical assessment of the same footwear models showed that Shoe #2 had the higher slip resistance and was superior under more biofidelic testing parameters. Based on our mechanical evaluations, specific engineering considerations such as an increase in both the heel beveling and the midsole thickness can advantageously enhance slip resistance. Further investigation in a clinical setting will provide insights on how these engineered footwear adjustments could enhance friction and ultimately enhance occupational safety.","PeriodicalId":509096,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":"127 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/13506501241235724
Dhananjay Dubey, Rajdip Mukherjee, M. Singh
Superalloys are a group of engineering alloys designed to operate at elevated temperatures, and they find application in various engineering sectors where a high-temperature application is required such as nuclear power plants, steam turbines, and aircraft. There are three important classes of superalloys, that is, iron-based, cobalt-based, and nickel-based superalloys. Among them, nickel-based superalloys find great application at both low and high temperatures due to their higher mechanical strength, good fatigue life, excellent wear, and corrosive resistance. This review article aims to review the tribological studies of the nickel-based Inconel superalloys. The article deals with the systematic studies of wear behavior, wear mechanism, and nanostructured glaze layer formation over the wear surfaces. The effect of load and temperatures influencing the wear rate and wear mechanisms of nickel-based superalloys are also discussed in detail. Along with that, the focus of this review article is to discuss the advancement in the tribological studies of the Inconel-718 superalloy. The development in the Inconel-718 alloys (surface alloying, laser shot peening, composites, microstructure engineering, etc.) to improve wear resistance is also discussed in a systematic manner. This article is expected to assist the researchers in identifying the trend and research gaps so that they can contribute to further tribological developments of nickel-based superalloys.
{"title":"A review on tribological behavior of nickel-based Inconel superalloy","authors":"Dhananjay Dubey, Rajdip Mukherjee, M. Singh","doi":"10.1177/13506501241235724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501241235724","url":null,"abstract":"Superalloys are a group of engineering alloys designed to operate at elevated temperatures, and they find application in various engineering sectors where a high-temperature application is required such as nuclear power plants, steam turbines, and aircraft. There are three important classes of superalloys, that is, iron-based, cobalt-based, and nickel-based superalloys. Among them, nickel-based superalloys find great application at both low and high temperatures due to their higher mechanical strength, good fatigue life, excellent wear, and corrosive resistance. This review article aims to review the tribological studies of the nickel-based Inconel superalloys. The article deals with the systematic studies of wear behavior, wear mechanism, and nanostructured glaze layer formation over the wear surfaces. The effect of load and temperatures influencing the wear rate and wear mechanisms of nickel-based superalloys are also discussed in detail. Along with that, the focus of this review article is to discuss the advancement in the tribological studies of the Inconel-718 superalloy. The development in the Inconel-718 alloys (surface alloying, laser shot peening, composites, microstructure engineering, etc.) to improve wear resistance is also discussed in a systematic manner. This article is expected to assist the researchers in identifying the trend and research gaps so that they can contribute to further tribological developments of nickel-based superalloys.","PeriodicalId":509096,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1177/13506501231223593
Parthasarathy Balaji, Balachandran Surya Rajan, K. Sathickbasha, J. Katiyar, Paramathma Baskara Sethupathi, Kottur Asrar Ahmed
Tribological test and hybrid ranking techniques are employed to evaluate brake pads from original equipment manufacturers for Indian passenger cars. The study was conducted for four brake pads designated as OE1, OE2, OE3, and OE4. The assessment integrates the analytical hierarchy process with various ranking methods including Extension Evaluation Method, Complex Proportional Assessment, Preference Selection Index, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. Brake pad samples undergo testing according to the standard IS2742 part 1-4 of 1994, generating crucial performance parameters such as performance coefficient of friction, hot coefficient of friction, normal coefficient of friction, fade percentage, recovery percentage, variation in coefficient of friction, wear thickness loss percentage, wear mass loss percentage, and time taken to reach maximum temperature. These performance metrics are technically analyzed and ranked using hybrid ranking techniques to enhance the decision-making process. The results show that OE4, a budget-friendly brake pad ranked first, is the best performer. OE2, a more expensive alternative, is placed second, and OE1 and OE3, which are more affordable possibilities, are ranked third and fourth, respectively. This research serves as a valuable resource for selecting brake pads for Indian passenger cars, especially in scenarios where technical specifications and cost-effectiveness are crucial considerations.
{"title":"A comparative study of original equipment manufacturer brake pads using tribological testing and hybrid ranking for enhanced decision making and cost effectiveness","authors":"Parthasarathy Balaji, Balachandran Surya Rajan, K. Sathickbasha, J. Katiyar, Paramathma Baskara Sethupathi, Kottur Asrar Ahmed","doi":"10.1177/13506501231223593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231223593","url":null,"abstract":"Tribological test and hybrid ranking techniques are employed to evaluate brake pads from original equipment manufacturers for Indian passenger cars. The study was conducted for four brake pads designated as OE1, OE2, OE3, and OE4. The assessment integrates the analytical hierarchy process with various ranking methods including Extension Evaluation Method, Complex Proportional Assessment, Preference Selection Index, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. Brake pad samples undergo testing according to the standard IS2742 part 1-4 of 1994, generating crucial performance parameters such as performance coefficient of friction, hot coefficient of friction, normal coefficient of friction, fade percentage, recovery percentage, variation in coefficient of friction, wear thickness loss percentage, wear mass loss percentage, and time taken to reach maximum temperature. These performance metrics are technically analyzed and ranked using hybrid ranking techniques to enhance the decision-making process. The results show that OE4, a budget-friendly brake pad ranked first, is the best performer. OE2, a more expensive alternative, is placed second, and OE1 and OE3, which are more affordable possibilities, are ranked third and fourth, respectively. This research serves as a valuable resource for selecting brake pads for Indian passenger cars, especially in scenarios where technical specifications and cost-effectiveness are crucial considerations.","PeriodicalId":509096,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":"83 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1177/13506501231224686
Deepak Kumar Mohapatra, Chitta Ranjan Deo, P. Mishra, Padmanav Dash
The concern for the environmental hazards due to rapid utilization of non-biodegradable resources has persuaded the researchers to develop eco-friendly materials with noble categories of plant-based fibers and fillers. In view of this content, an effort has been initiated in the present work to explore the retrospective effect of PSP (Pistachio shell particles) on both mechanical as well as erosive wear performances of KG (kenaf/glass/kenaf/glass) hybrid polyester laminated composite. The KG laminate with different filler concentration, that is, 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% were fabricated by using hand-lay-up technique and the mechanical properties of these laminates were determined by performing tensile, flexural and impact tests as per ASTM standard. A higher tensile value of 127.35 MPa with modulus of 7.658 GPa and hardness of 21.35 HV was obtained at 5 wt% reinforcement of PSP filler whereas 3 wt% filler reinforcement responded an optimum flexural strength of 112.42 MPa with modulus of 5.214 GPa and impact strength of 75.59 KJ/m2. To evaluate the wear performance of this laminates against high-speed solid particle, erosion wear test was carried out at different striking velocity and impingement angles. A noticeable reduction of 12.63% in wear rate was found due to increase with concentration PSP filler from 0% to 5 wt%. Further, the η (erosion efficiency) was also found to be limited within the range of 5.94% to 32.98%. From micrographic analysis of the fracture surface, micro-ploughing and micro-cutting actions were found to be most predominant primary wear mechanisms.
{"title":"Effect of pistachio shell particles on mechanical and erosion wear performance of hybrid kenaf/glass polyester composites","authors":"Deepak Kumar Mohapatra, Chitta Ranjan Deo, P. Mishra, Padmanav Dash","doi":"10.1177/13506501231224686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501231224686","url":null,"abstract":"The concern for the environmental hazards due to rapid utilization of non-biodegradable resources has persuaded the researchers to develop eco-friendly materials with noble categories of plant-based fibers and fillers. In view of this content, an effort has been initiated in the present work to explore the retrospective effect of PSP (Pistachio shell particles) on both mechanical as well as erosive wear performances of KG (kenaf/glass/kenaf/glass) hybrid polyester laminated composite. The KG laminate with different filler concentration, that is, 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% were fabricated by using hand-lay-up technique and the mechanical properties of these laminates were determined by performing tensile, flexural and impact tests as per ASTM standard. A higher tensile value of 127.35 MPa with modulus of 7.658 GPa and hardness of 21.35 HV was obtained at 5 wt% reinforcement of PSP filler whereas 3 wt% filler reinforcement responded an optimum flexural strength of 112.42 MPa with modulus of 5.214 GPa and impact strength of 75.59 KJ/m2. To evaluate the wear performance of this laminates against high-speed solid particle, erosion wear test was carried out at different striking velocity and impingement angles. A noticeable reduction of 12.63% in wear rate was found due to increase with concentration PSP filler from 0% to 5 wt%. Further, the η (erosion efficiency) was also found to be limited within the range of 5.94% to 32.98%. From micrographic analysis of the fracture surface, micro-ploughing and micro-cutting actions were found to be most predominant primary wear mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":509096,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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