Adenoid cystic cancer of the salivary glands is characterized by recurrent and/or metastatic course. Compared with other histological types of salivary gland cancer, it usually has a more latent clinical course with a low incidence of spread to regional lymph nodes. However, after removal of the primary tumor, local and distant relapses are quite common. In addition, the presence of prognostic factors such as metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck, low degree of tumor differentiation, perineural and lymphovascular invasion contributes to an increase in the frequency of distant metastasis with a poor prognosis. Cases of atypical arrangement of salivary gland tissues with extranodal heterotopia are rare. In the head and neck region, different localizations of heterotopia of salivary gland tissues have been described, but the pterygopalatine fossa was not mentioned in the available sources. The difficulty of histological diagnosis when verifying heterotopia of the salivary glands may be due to the phenomena of chronic inflammation, lymphoid infiltration, tissue fibromatosis and the development of metaplasia. The rare occurrence of heterotopia of the salivary glands, the difficulties of its diagnosis and the lack of a unified approach to surgical treatment require consideration of each individually identified case. The law of paired cases is implemented in the interpretation of the presented clinical cases, when the identification of individual extraorgan foci of adenoid cystic cancer of the pterygopalatine space may be associated with a rare extranodal heterotopia of salivary gland tissue. The primary multiplicity of malignant lesions of the major salivary glands and heterotopia of salivary gland tissue can be both synchronous and metachronous. Adenoid cystic cancer of the pterygomaxillary fossa, as a component of multicentric growth of various localizations, clinically confirmed the recurrent nature of the course, the tendency to distant metastasis and generalization of the malignant process.
{"title":"THE LAW OF PAIRED CASES ON THE EXAMPLE OF ADENOCYSTIC CANCER OF SALIVARY GLANDS TISSUE WITH MULTICENTRIC GROWTH OF DIFFERENT LOCATIONS","authors":"D. V. Gavrilyuk, R. Zukov","doi":"10.17816/onco623185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco623185","url":null,"abstract":"Adenoid cystic cancer of the salivary glands is characterized by recurrent and/or metastatic course. Compared with other histological types of salivary gland cancer, it usually has a more latent clinical course with a low incidence of spread to regional lymph nodes. However, after removal of the primary tumor, local and distant relapses are quite common. In addition, the presence of prognostic factors such as metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck, low degree of tumor differentiation, perineural and lymphovascular invasion contributes to an increase in the frequency of distant metastasis with a poor prognosis. Cases of atypical arrangement of salivary gland tissues with extranodal heterotopia are rare. In the head and neck region, different localizations of heterotopia of salivary gland tissues have been described, but the pterygopalatine fossa was not mentioned in the available sources. The difficulty of histological diagnosis when verifying heterotopia of the salivary glands may be due to the phenomena of chronic inflammation, lymphoid infiltration, tissue fibromatosis and the development of metaplasia. The rare occurrence of heterotopia of the salivary glands, the difficulties of its diagnosis and the lack of a unified approach to surgical treatment require consideration of each individually identified case. The law of paired cases is implemented in the interpretation of the presented clinical cases, when the identification of individual extraorgan foci of adenoid cystic cancer of the pterygopalatine space may be associated with a rare extranodal heterotopia of salivary gland tissue. The primary multiplicity of malignant lesions of the major salivary glands and heterotopia of salivary gland tissue can be both synchronous and metachronous. Adenoid cystic cancer of the pterygomaxillary fossa, as a component of multicentric growth of various localizations, clinically confirmed the recurrent nature of the course, the tendency to distant metastasis and generalization of the malignant process.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research objective was to improve the quality and efficiency of diagnostic measures for breast cancer through a personalized approach to patients based on an analysis of a set of risk factors. The methodology was developed using the data from the population-based Cancer Registry of the Altai Territory, created at the Altai Regional Oncology Center in Barnaul, Russia. At the moment the Cancer Registry included information on 308,550 patients with malignant neoplasms, including 31,783 women with breast cancer. On the basis of the method of breast cancer risk assessment proposed by Lazarev A.F. (patent number: RU 2651131 C1) an automated program for early diagnosis of breast cancer has been developed (state registration certificate for computer program No. 2019661203). The program significantly reduces the time for risk assessment and allows to form groups of high breast cancer risk, increases the efficiency of breast cancer diagnostics, and serves as a basis for development of set of targeted preventive measures specific for each patient. Testing of this technique included assessment of 512 patients, which resulted in forming of a high-risk precancer group of patients having individual risk of developing breast cancer either increased or high or absolute. 92 patients were determined to belong to the high risk pre-cancer group. The patients had a complex of in-depth examinations (including ultrasound, mammography, MRI with dynamic contrast and breast biopsy if indicated). 7 of 92 patients (7.6%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, all at early stages (I or II). It allows to suggest implementation of the method with the aim to assign in-depth examination in more targeted manner to patients at high risk of breast cancer and to contribute to detection the cancer in the early stages.
{"title":"Targeted diagnostics of breast cancer based on a comprehensive analysis of risk factors","authors":"Alexander Lazarev","doi":"10.17816/onco624299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco624299","url":null,"abstract":"Research objective was to improve the quality and efficiency of diagnostic measures for breast cancer through a personalized approach to patients based on an analysis of a set of risk factors. The methodology was developed using the data from the population-based Cancer Registry of the Altai Territory, created at the Altai Regional Oncology Center in Barnaul, Russia. At the moment the Cancer Registry included information on 308,550 patients with malignant neoplasms, including 31,783 women with breast cancer. On the basis of the method of breast cancer risk assessment proposed by Lazarev A.F. (patent number: RU 2651131 C1) an automated program for early diagnosis of breast cancer has been developed (state registration certificate for computer program No. 2019661203). The program significantly reduces the time for risk assessment and allows to form groups of high breast cancer risk, increases the efficiency of breast cancer diagnostics, and serves as a basis for development of set of targeted preventive measures specific for each patient. Testing of this technique included assessment of 512 patients, which resulted in forming of a high-risk precancer group of patients having individual risk of developing breast cancer either increased or high or absolute. 92 patients were determined to belong to the high risk pre-cancer group. The patients had a complex of in-depth examinations (including ultrasound, mammography, MRI with dynamic contrast and breast biopsy if indicated). 7 of 92 patients (7.6%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, all at early stages (I or II). It allows to suggest implementation of the method with the aim to assign in-depth examination in more targeted manner to patients at high risk of breast cancer and to contribute to detection the cancer in the early stages.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In recent years, researchers are increasingly considering the possibility of using immunotherapeutic drugs as part of the antitumor treatment of such patients, which can potentiate the effectiveness of cytostatic therapy. Particular attention is drawn to the combination of interferon- and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-thymosin--1, which can activate an antitumor immune response, stimulate apoptosis of tumor cells, have a direct antiproliferative effect, cause destruction of neoplasm vessels, and stimulate tumor tissue necrosis.Methods: This paper presents the results of a follow-up of 24 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic carcinoma. Some patients received combined immunotherapy as the only method of treatment, when the possibilities of standard therapy were exhausted, there were serious complications of anticancer treatment, severe concomitant pathology that did not allow the planned treatment to be carried out in full, or when the patient refused to use cytostatics. In other cases, the introduction of immunotherapeutic drugs was carried out against the background of other antitumor treatment of the 1st or 2nd line, prescribed in connection with the progression of the disease.Results: As a result of the use of a combination of interferon- and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-thymosin--1, patients noted an improvement in the tolerability of the main antitumor treatment, additional manifestations of toxicity from the use of immunodrugs were not observed. The existence of an average positive correlation (r=0.57, p=0.0004) between the level of TNF and the value of the Karnofsky index was revealed, indicating that an increase in the content of TNF is accompanied by an increase in the functional activity of patients. According to computed tomography data, in accordance with the RECIST 1.1 criteria, one patient had a partial response of the tumor to the treatment, in 9 - stabilization of the tumor process, in other cases, observation continues.Conclusions: The data presented are of a pilot nature. One of the available observations is presented in this paper as a clinical case.
{"title":"A case of successful treatment for pancreatic cancer (observation from practice)","authors":"Amir M Ben Ammar, A. L. Ilyushin","doi":"10.17816/onco456482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco456482","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In recent years, researchers are increasingly considering the possibility of using immunotherapeutic drugs as part of the antitumor treatment of such patients, which can potentiate the effectiveness of cytostatic therapy. Particular attention is drawn to the combination of interferon- and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-thymosin--1, which can activate an antitumor immune response, stimulate apoptosis of tumor cells, have a direct antiproliferative effect, cause destruction of neoplasm vessels, and stimulate tumor tissue necrosis.Methods: This paper presents the results of a follow-up of 24 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic carcinoma. Some patients received combined immunotherapy as the only method of treatment, when the possibilities of standard therapy were exhausted, there were serious complications of anticancer treatment, severe concomitant pathology that did not allow the planned treatment to be carried out in full, or when the patient refused to use cytostatics. In other cases, the introduction of immunotherapeutic drugs was carried out against the background of other antitumor treatment of the 1st or 2nd line, prescribed in connection with the progression of the disease.Results: As a result of the use of a combination of interferon- and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-thymosin--1, patients noted an improvement in the tolerability of the main antitumor treatment, additional manifestations of toxicity from the use of immunodrugs were not observed. The existence of an average positive correlation (r=0.57, p=0.0004) between the level of TNF and the value of the Karnofsky index was revealed, indicating that an increase in the content of TNF is accompanied by an increase in the functional activity of patients. According to computed tomography data, in accordance with the RECIST 1.1 criteria, one patient had a partial response of the tumor to the treatment, in 9 - stabilization of the tumor process, in other cases, observation continues.Conclusions: The data presented are of a pilot nature. One of the available observations is presented in this paper as a clinical case.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: clinical results of patients with cervical cancer (CC) who treated with different methodological approaches of radiotherapy (RT) in the transforming from conventional to conformal RT and brachytherapy (BT). Purpose: to evaluate long-term results of treatment, locoregional and distant control. Methods: 137 patients with CC IIb - IIIb in 2013-2016 were analysed: 70 (51%) - conventional gamma therapy and brachytherapy (BT) with two-dimensional planning (2D) 60Сo alone or in combination with cisplatin 40 mg/m2 two groups of n=35. The total dose (TD) for point A 75.08 0.57 Gy, point B 57.9 0.43 Gy. In 67 (49%) with conform radiotherapy following BT with three-dimensional planning (3D) 192Ir alone or in combination with cisplatin 40 mg/m2 - two groups n = 35 and 32, respectively. TD CTV-HR D90 95.0 Gy 0.67 EQD2. Results: 3 and 5-year overall survival with 3D RT versus 2D RT was 84.6 4.5% and 63.1 6.0%; 84.6 4.5% versus 56.1 6.0%, respectively (p = 0.030). It was revealed that modern technologies are important in improving overall survival with image-guided RT: 88.2 6.6% of patients are alive for 3 years versus 59.0 8.4%, respectively (p=0.027). The use of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) showed an advantage of 3-year event-free survival in groups with 2D RT - 67.9 8.4% versus 55.2 8.6% (p = 0.042) in 3D RT - no statistically significant differences. Locoregional control was higher in the 3D RT groups at 3 years follow-up: 97.0 2.9% versus 82.9 5.3%, p = 0.050. CRT allows to reduce the number of local failures in the pelvis in the follow-up period up to 6 months, regardless of the RT technologies. The number of relapses and metastases in pelvis is lower in 3D RT - 3.0 2.1% versus 2D - 15.7 4.4% (p = 0.05). The frequency of metastases did not show statistically significant differences: 2D RT - 5.7 2.8% versus 3D RT - 9.0 3.5% (p 0.05). Conclusion: the study proves the improvement of local control in the treatment of cervical cancer in cases of conformal RT and 3D BT.
{"title":"CLINICAL RESULTS OF CERVIX CANCER USING VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES IN RADIATION THERAPY","authors":"O. Kravets, Anara A. Kurmanova, V. N. Bogatyrev","doi":"10.17816/onco568572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco568572","url":null,"abstract":"Background: clinical results of patients with cervical cancer (CC) who treated with different methodological approaches of radiotherapy (RT) in the transforming from conventional to conformal RT and brachytherapy (BT). Purpose: to evaluate long-term results of treatment, locoregional and distant control. Methods: 137 patients with CC IIb - IIIb in 2013-2016 were analysed: 70 (51%) - conventional gamma therapy and brachytherapy (BT) with two-dimensional planning (2D) 60Сo alone or in combination with cisplatin 40 mg/m2 two groups of n=35. The total dose (TD) for point A 75.08 0.57 Gy, point B 57.9 0.43 Gy. In 67 (49%) with conform radiotherapy following BT with three-dimensional planning (3D) 192Ir alone or in combination with cisplatin 40 mg/m2 - two groups n = 35 and 32, respectively. TD CTV-HR D90 95.0 Gy 0.67 EQD2. Results: 3 and 5-year overall survival with 3D RT versus 2D RT was 84.6 4.5% and 63.1 6.0%; 84.6 4.5% versus 56.1 6.0%, respectively (p = 0.030). It was revealed that modern technologies are important in improving overall survival with image-guided RT: 88.2 6.6% of patients are alive for 3 years versus 59.0 8.4%, respectively (p=0.027). The use of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) showed an advantage of 3-year event-free survival in groups with 2D RT - 67.9 8.4% versus 55.2 8.6% (p = 0.042) in 3D RT - no statistically significant differences. Locoregional control was higher in the 3D RT groups at 3 years follow-up: 97.0 2.9% versus 82.9 5.3%, p = 0.050. CRT allows to reduce the number of local failures in the pelvis in the follow-up period up to 6 months, regardless of the RT technologies. The number of relapses and metastases in pelvis is lower in 3D RT - 3.0 2.1% versus 2D - 15.7 4.4% (p = 0.05). The frequency of metastases did not show statistically significant differences: 2D RT - 5.7 2.8% versus 3D RT - 9.0 3.5% (p 0.05). Conclusion: the study proves the improvement of local control in the treatment of cervical cancer in cases of conformal RT and 3D BT.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People, living with HIV, have a greater chance of malignancies especially with the success of antiretroviral therapy, and Non-AIDS-defining cancers have become the most common cause of death after AIDS and the most common of them is the lung cancer in developed countries. The main purpose of this article is to research nosological characteristics of lung cancer in the context of HIV infection, HIV-associated risk factors during ART and compare with global trends of this problem. Retrospectively were analyzed the medical documentation of 98 patients with lung cancer and HIV-infection, who were in database and received specialized treatment in St. Petersburg from 2008 to 2018 years. There are several important questions regarding to lung cancer with HIV-infection. HIV-infected lung cancer patients are younger than HIV-negative, have a more advanced disease and that is more difficult to treat. The increased risk of lung cancer in HIV-positive population is multifactorial. The population was dominated by patients of young (18-44 years old) and middle (45-59 years old) ages, 45.9% and 42.9%, respectively, and 11.2% of elderly patients (60-74 years old), p0.001, which satisfies the global data of earlier incidence of lung cancer in people living with HIV. Adenocarcinomas were more common histological subtype of lung cancer as in the general population (p0.001). There was no static significance between high viral load and lung cancer, which can indicate the absence of a direct mechanism of HIV-carcinogenesis (90.8% of patients with low and medium viral load, p0.001).Nevertheless, the prevalence of 4-stage of HIV infection among lung cancer patients (p0.001) indicates a history of inflammatory diseases, including pulmonary diseases, as a result of induced immunosuppression due to CD8+T-lymphocyte dysfunction and the formation of a micro-tumor environment, which can be a prognostic unfavorable factor in the occurrence of lung cancer in this group of patients , as well as indirect mechanism of viral carcinogenesis. The presence of elderly patients (11.2%, MAX -71 years) indirectly indicates an increasing of period of life expectancy among this category of patients in Russia, making this area of research more actual.
{"title":"Lung cancer and HIV","authors":"Georgii Manikhas, Pavel Gavrilov","doi":"10.17816/onco126475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco126475","url":null,"abstract":"People, living with HIV, have a greater chance of malignancies especially with the success of antiretroviral therapy, and Non-AIDS-defining cancers have become the most common cause of death after AIDS and the most common of them is the lung cancer in developed countries. The main purpose of this article is to research nosological characteristics of lung cancer in the context of HIV infection, HIV-associated risk factors during ART and compare with global trends of this problem. Retrospectively were analyzed the medical documentation of 98 patients with lung cancer and HIV-infection, who were in database and received specialized treatment in St. Petersburg from 2008 to 2018 years. There are several important questions regarding to lung cancer with HIV-infection. HIV-infected lung cancer patients are younger than HIV-negative, have a more advanced disease and that is more difficult to treat. The increased risk of lung cancer in HIV-positive population is multifactorial. The population was dominated by patients of young (18-44 years old) and middle (45-59 years old) ages, 45.9% and 42.9%, respectively, and 11.2% of elderly patients (60-74 years old), p0.001, which satisfies the global data of earlier incidence of lung cancer in people living with HIV. Adenocarcinomas were more common histological subtype of lung cancer as in the general population (p0.001). There was no static significance between high viral load and lung cancer, which can indicate the absence of a direct mechanism of HIV-carcinogenesis (90.8% of patients with low and medium viral load, p0.001).Nevertheless, the prevalence of 4-stage of HIV infection among lung cancer patients (p0.001) indicates a history of inflammatory diseases, including pulmonary diseases, as a result of induced immunosuppression due to CD8+T-lymphocyte dysfunction and the formation of a micro-tumor environment, which can be a prognostic unfavorable factor in the occurrence of lung cancer in this group of patients , as well as indirect mechanism of viral carcinogenesis. The presence of elderly patients (11.2%, MAX -71 years) indirectly indicates an increasing of period of life expectancy among this category of patients in Russia, making this area of research more actual.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irina Nikolaeva, A. Golderova, Andrey Egorov, Radomir Gotovtsev, Ivan Troev, Kseniya Tayurskaya
One of the promising areas in immunotherapy are tumour-specific vaccines based on immunocompromised cells. DC-based personalized neoantigenic cellular vaccines have promising antitumor effects in clinical practice. Dendritic cell-based vaccines have a number of advantages, one example being the ability to engage both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as to develop long-term immunological memory against tumor recurrence. DCs are the most professional and consistent antigens and are more effective in activating resting T cells. The review provides the most up-to-date information on cancer vaccines, as well as an analysis of the types of cancer vaccines from domestic and foreign sources. The conclusion of this brief review is the wide variety of types of tumor-specific vaccines and their rapid improvement.
基于免疫缺陷细胞的肿瘤特异性疫苗是免疫疗法中前景广阔的领域之一。基于树突状细胞的个性化新抗原细胞疫苗在临床实践中具有良好的抗肿瘤效果。基于树突状细胞的疫苗有许多优点，其中之一就是能同时调动先天性免疫和适应性免疫，并能形成长期免疫记忆，防止肿瘤复发。直流电细胞是最专业、最稳定的抗原，能更有效地激活静息 T 细胞。本综述提供了有关癌症疫苗的最新信息，并分析了国内外癌症疫苗的类型。这篇简短综述的结论是，肿瘤特异性疫苗的种类繁多，且改进迅速。
{"title":"PERSPECTIVE FOR APPLYING ANTITUMOR VACCINES","authors":"Irina Nikolaeva, A. Golderova, Andrey Egorov, Radomir Gotovtsev, Ivan Troev, Kseniya Tayurskaya","doi":"10.17816/onco569011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco569011","url":null,"abstract":"One of the promising areas in immunotherapy are tumour-specific vaccines based on immunocompromised cells. DC-based personalized neoantigenic cellular vaccines have promising antitumor effects in clinical practice. Dendritic cell-based vaccines have a number of advantages, one example being the ability to engage both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as to develop long-term immunological memory against tumor recurrence. DCs are the most professional and consistent antigens and are more effective in activating resting T cells. The review provides the most up-to-date information on cancer vaccines, as well as an analysis of the types of cancer vaccines from domestic and foreign sources. The conclusion of this brief review is the wide variety of types of tumor-specific vaccines and their rapid improvement.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. Egorova, A. N. Useinova, S. P. Maryanenko, K. N. Koryanova, Jamal M. Al-Nsour, Daniel M. Kasparyan
The high incidence of breast cancer requires increased attention to the problem of rational pharmacotherapy of this condition.When choosing tactics for the treatment of breast cancer, it is recommended to take into account the immunohistochemical subtype of cancer cells.In the case of detection of estrogen-positive expression, an obligatory component of pharmacotherapy is endocrine therapy with antiestrogen orientation.Despite the fact that there are already many years of positive experience with the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors, the search for new more effective agents continues in terms of prolonging the life of patients and reducing the risk of adverse reactions. In recent years, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors have been added to first-line therapy, which is a breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.The introduction of combined antiestrogen therapy with targeted agents that have the ability to inhibit phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase is logical in the event of resistance to primary endocrine therapy.However, the need to search and study new drugs remains.In this regard, the most promising direction is the development of agents that can reduce the expression of the Estrogen receptor alpha protein, and block estrogen-dependent and independent estrogen receptor signaling.
{"title":"Opportunities and prospects for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer","authors":"E. A. Egorova, A. N. Useinova, S. P. Maryanenko, K. N. Koryanova, Jamal M. Al-Nsour, Daniel M. Kasparyan","doi":"10.17816/onco120041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco120041","url":null,"abstract":"The high incidence of breast cancer requires increased attention to the problem of rational pharmacotherapy of this condition.When choosing tactics for the treatment of breast cancer, it is recommended to take into account the immunohistochemical subtype of cancer cells.In the case of detection of estrogen-positive expression, an obligatory component of pharmacotherapy is endocrine therapy with antiestrogen orientation.Despite the fact that there are already many years of positive experience with the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors, the search for new more effective agents continues in terms of prolonging the life of patients and reducing the risk of adverse reactions. In recent years, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors have been added to first-line therapy, which is a breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.The introduction of combined antiestrogen therapy with targeted agents that have the ability to inhibit phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase is logical in the event of resistance to primary endocrine therapy.However, the need to search and study new drugs remains.In this regard, the most promising direction is the development of agents that can reduce the expression of the Estrogen receptor alpha protein, and block estrogen-dependent and independent estrogen receptor signaling.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surgical treatment of tumors of the head of the pancreas, tail of the pancreas is the only radical treatment option. The main contraindications to surgery are distant metastasis, tumor invasion into large arterial vessels (superior mesenteric artery, common hepatic artery, celiac trunk), tumor invasion into large venous trunks (superior mesenteric vein in the absence of reconstruction prospects), and severe concomitant pathology. To date, the most optimal operations used for tumors of the head of the pancreas are gastropancreatoduodenal resection, and for tumors of the tail - distal subtotal resection of the pancreas, splenectomy. The main access for these operations is median laparotomy. In our article, we will analyze the surgical interventions that have been performed for pancreatic cancer in our center.
{"title":"Analysis of surgical treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer","authors":"Nikita Mikolenko","doi":"10.17816/onco584093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco584093","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical treatment of tumors of the head of the pancreas, tail of the pancreas is the only radical treatment option. The main contraindications to surgery are distant metastasis, tumor invasion into large arterial vessels (superior mesenteric artery, common hepatic artery, celiac trunk), tumor invasion into large venous trunks (superior mesenteric vein in the absence of reconstruction prospects), and severe concomitant pathology. To date, the most optimal operations used for tumors of the head of the pancreas are gastropancreatoduodenal resection, and for tumors of the tail - distal subtotal resection of the pancreas, splenectomy. The main access for these operations is median laparotomy. In our article, we will analyze the surgical interventions that have been performed for pancreatic cancer in our center.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Zukov, I. P. Safontsev, M. P. Klimenok, Tatiana Zabrodskaya, Aleksey Krat, A. Kichkaylo, Tatiana Zamay
The aim of the study was to study the incidence of lung cancer in the Krasnoyarsk Territory over the past 10 years, to build a forecast until 2030 and to search for leads in the diagnosis of this disease. The data of the regional cancer register and the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Krasnoyarsk Territory were used as a source of information. Thus, the incidence of lung cancer in the region increased by 4.3%, and in Krasnoyarsk by 3.1%. The incidence of lung cancer in the region by 2030 may amount to 54.9 per 100 thousand population. Examples of modern methods of screening and diagnosis of lung cancer, including with the use of aptamers, are given. The presented data indicates the need to improve approaches in detecting lung cancer and monitoring the effectiveness of antitumor therapy.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF LUNG CANCER IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY. JUSTIFICATION OF THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE METHODS OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS","authors":"R. Zukov, I. P. Safontsev, M. P. Klimenok, Tatiana Zabrodskaya, Aleksey Krat, A. Kichkaylo, Tatiana Zamay","doi":"10.17816/onco479913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco479913","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to study the incidence of lung cancer in the Krasnoyarsk Territory over the past 10 years, to build a forecast until 2030 and to search for leads in the diagnosis of this disease. The data of the regional cancer register and the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Krasnoyarsk Territory were used as a source of information. Thus, the incidence of lung cancer in the region increased by 4.3%, and in Krasnoyarsk by 3.1%. The incidence of lung cancer in the region by 2030 may amount to 54.9 per 100 thousand population. Examples of modern methods of screening and diagnosis of lung cancer, including with the use of aptamers, are given. The presented data indicates the need to improve approaches in detecting lung cancer and monitoring the effectiveness of antitumor therapy.","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dodokhova, O. Voronova, M. S. Alkhusein-Kulyaginova, M. V. Gulyan, E. Kotieva, Svetlana Korobka, V. Kotieva, Kristina Karapetyan, Nadezhda Dmitrievna Vlasova, Dmitry B. Shpakovsky, Elena Milaeva, I. Kotieva
BACKGROUND: Despite a large number of publications on preclinical studies of compounds with a suspected antitumor effect on in silico and in vitro models, in vivo studies are the most informative. The experimental part of the work on laboratory animals has its own peculiarities in the field of preclinical research: a large number of animals and analog compounds in the series, two- and three-phase staging, and, consequently, high cost and labor-intensive execution. AIMS: Optimization of algorithms for screening preclinical in vivo studies of compounds with a suspected antitumor effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To form the algorithm in the preclinical study, primary data obtained using standard pharmacological (determination of the toxicity class index with a single intragastric injection, on tumor models - determination of antitumor and antimetastatic activity by the index of inhibition of metastasis, inhibition of tumor growth by weight, average life expectancy of animals) and morphological methods (autopsy, preparation of micropreparations with hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies) with the selection of leading compounds for indepth study with a description of the mechanism of pharmacological activity. RESULTS: Based on a series of comparative experimental series, the following algorithm of preclinical in vivo study for newly synthesized compounds with an alleged antitumor effect has been tested. Stage 1. Determination of the toxicity class with a single intragastric administration to Wistar rats according to the OECD 420 protocol and selection of candidates for antitumor drugs according to the principle of the greatest safety of use. Stage 2. Determination of the presence/absence of pharmacological activity of the tested compounds. Compounds of toxicity classes IV and V according to the Globally Harmonized System of Hazard Classification and Labeling of Chemical Products (GHS) in a wide range of doses (doses are selected depending on the toxicity class) are examined for pharmacological activity before the natural death of tumor-bearing animals with the identification of leader substances, in-depth study of which is appropriate. The selection of promising substances and total doses for administration at the next stage is determined by the life expectancy of tumor-bearing animals. Stage 3. Determination of indicators of antitumor and antimetastatic activity of leader substances with a fixed euthanasia period for all tumor-bearing animals and determination of possible mechanisms for the implementation of the therapeutic effect using immunohistochemical analysis. Stage 4. To study the effect of the tested compounds on the growth rates of the primary tumor node and metastatic foci at different stages of the development of the tumor process, when administered in different modes, as part of combined and monochemotherapy with mandatory clarification of the mechanisms for the implementatio
{"title":"Optimization of algorithms for in vivo preclinical screening of compounds with a suspected antitumor effect","authors":"M. Dodokhova, O. Voronova, M. S. Alkhusein-Kulyaginova, M. V. Gulyan, E. Kotieva, Svetlana Korobka, V. Kotieva, Kristina Karapetyan, Nadezhda Dmitrievna Vlasova, Dmitry B. Shpakovsky, Elena Milaeva, I. Kotieva","doi":"10.17816/onco501804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/onco501804","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Despite a large number of publications on preclinical studies of compounds with a suspected antitumor effect on in silico and in vitro models, in vivo studies are the most informative. The experimental part of the work on laboratory animals has its own peculiarities in the field of preclinical research: a large number of animals and analog compounds in the series, two- and three-phase staging, and, consequently, high cost and labor-intensive execution. AIMS: Optimization of algorithms for screening preclinical in vivo studies of compounds with a suspected antitumor effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To form the algorithm in the preclinical study, primary data obtained using standard pharmacological (determination of the toxicity class index with a single intragastric injection, on tumor models - determination of antitumor and antimetastatic activity by the index of inhibition of metastasis, inhibition of tumor growth by weight, average life expectancy of animals) and morphological methods (autopsy, preparation of micropreparations with hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies) with the selection of leading compounds for indepth study with a description of the mechanism of pharmacological activity. RESULTS: Based on a series of comparative experimental series, the following algorithm of preclinical in vivo study for newly synthesized compounds with an alleged antitumor effect has been tested. Stage 1. Determination of the toxicity class with a single intragastric administration to Wistar rats according to the OECD 420 protocol and selection of candidates for antitumor drugs according to the principle of the greatest safety of use. Stage 2. Determination of the presence/absence of pharmacological activity of the tested compounds. Compounds of toxicity classes IV and V according to the Globally Harmonized System of Hazard Classification and Labeling of Chemical Products (GHS) in a wide range of doses (doses are selected depending on the toxicity class) are examined for pharmacological activity before the natural death of tumor-bearing animals with the identification of leader substances, in-depth study of which is appropriate. The selection of promising substances and total doses for administration at the next stage is determined by the life expectancy of tumor-bearing animals. Stage 3. Determination of indicators of antitumor and antimetastatic activity of leader substances with a fixed euthanasia period for all tumor-bearing animals and determination of possible mechanisms for the implementation of the therapeutic effect using immunohistochemical analysis. Stage 4. To study the effect of the tested compounds on the growth rates of the primary tumor node and metastatic foci at different stages of the development of the tumor process, when administered in different modes, as part of combined and monochemotherapy with mandatory clarification of the mechanisms for the implementatio","PeriodicalId":509207,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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