Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0828
Afroj Ayyaj Shaikh, Jaydeep Pawar
Schizophrenia is a complex and severe psychiatric disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Antipsychotic drugs have been widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia for over 60 years. The first-generation antipsychotic drugs (FGAs) were introduced in the 1950s and revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenia. However, their use is associated with a number of adverse effects, including Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) and Tardive Dyskinesia (TD). Second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs), also known as atypical antipsychotics, were developed in the 1990s and have become the preferred treatment for schizophrenia due to their lower incidence of EPS and TD. They also have a broader range of therapeutic effects, such as improving negative symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. This review article summarizes the pharmacology of both FGAs and SGAs, including their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects. The efficacy and safety of these drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia are also discussed. In addition, this review examines the controversy surrounding the use of SGAs and their potential metabolic side effects, such as weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Despite the availability of SGAs, FGAs still have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia, particularly for patients who are unresponsive to SGAs or experience intolerable side effects. Furthermore, research continues to identify new pharmacological targets and treatment strategies for schizophrenia. Understanding the pharmacology and clinical use of antipsychotic drugs is essential for optimizing the treatment of schizophrenia and improving patient outcomes.
{"title":"THE FIRST GENERATION AND SECOND-GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS AND THEIR PHARMACOLOGY IN TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA","authors":"Afroj Ayyaj Shaikh, Jaydeep Pawar","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0828","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a complex and severe psychiatric disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Antipsychotic drugs have been widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia for over 60 years. The first-generation antipsychotic drugs (FGAs) were introduced in the 1950s and revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenia. However, their use is associated with a number of adverse effects, including Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) and Tardive Dyskinesia (TD). Second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs), also known as atypical antipsychotics, were developed in the 1990s and have become the preferred treatment for schizophrenia due to their lower incidence of EPS and TD. They also have a broader range of therapeutic effects, such as improving negative symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. This review article summarizes the pharmacology of both FGAs and SGAs, including their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects. The efficacy and safety of these drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia are also discussed. In addition, this review examines the controversy surrounding the use of SGAs and their potential metabolic side effects, such as weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Despite the availability of SGAs, FGAs still have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia, particularly for patients who are unresponsive to SGAs or experience intolerable side effects. Furthermore, research continues to identify new pharmacological targets and treatment strategies for schizophrenia. Understanding the pharmacology and clinical use of antipsychotic drugs is essential for optimizing the treatment of schizophrenia and improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01836
My Tran Trung, Thien Le Van, Binh Dang Xuan, Lan Dang Thi Mai, Duc Vu Minh
Mastitis still remains an economic disease in dairy farms all over the world. This study aimed to report the prevalence of this disease in large-scale farms in Vietnam, the pathogens profile, and first report the detection of Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) by applying conventional culture and real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) methods. We examined 64,802 enrolled dairy cows from six farms in Vietnam, yielding 1,874 (2.9%) total cases of clinical mastitis. The majority of the 14 pathogens were identified. Klebsiella spp. accounted for 21.0% of the total isolates. Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), other Streptococcus spp, and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS), followed at 12.6, 7.6, 6.0, and 5.5 percent, respectively. The rest pathogens include Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Citrobacter spp., Pasteurella spp., Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated with less than 1% each. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for detecting M. bovis in mastitis milk samples in Vietnam, where 35 out of 1,422 samples submitted in 2022 were M. bovis positive. Moreover, of the 35 positive cases, 11 cases had only M. bovis, while 24 cases had M. bovis and other pathogens, including 13 Enterobacteriaceae, 7 Streptococcus spp., and 4 CNS.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF BOVINE MASTITIS AND THE FIRST DETECTION OF MYCOPLASMA BOVIS IN VIETNAM’S DAIRY FARMS","authors":"My Tran Trung, Thien Le Van, Binh Dang Xuan, Lan Dang Thi Mai, Duc Vu Minh","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01836","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis still remains an economic disease in dairy farms all over the world. This study aimed to report the prevalence of this disease in large-scale farms in Vietnam, the pathogens profile, and first report the detection of Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) by applying conventional culture and real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) methods. We examined 64,802 enrolled dairy cows from six farms in Vietnam, yielding 1,874 (2.9%) total cases of clinical mastitis. The majority of the 14 pathogens were identified. Klebsiella spp. accounted for 21.0% of the total isolates. Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), other Streptococcus spp, and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS), followed at 12.6, 7.6, 6.0, and 5.5 percent, respectively. The rest pathogens include Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Citrobacter spp., Pasteurella spp., Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated with less than 1% each. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for detecting M. bovis in mastitis milk samples in Vietnam, where 35 out of 1,422 samples submitted in 2022 were M. bovis positive. Moreover, of the 35 positive cases, 11 cases had only M. bovis, while 24 cases had M. bovis and other pathogens, including 13 Enterobacteriaceae, 7 Streptococcus spp., and 4 CNS.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0930
Navneet Kumar, Ms. Minal Thakkar
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the unique means for prompting the scientific community to consider developing healthcare infrastructures and logistics that will deal with any future pandemics, may be in a manner comparable to dealing with biological war or an outside attack due to Manmade weapons. Biomedical experts have refocused their efforts on creating innovative vaccines and medicines to halt the deadly spread of these infections using new biological approaches. Only a small number of innovative nations have a healthy security policy on national level in the event of a biological attack that has been bio-weaponized by a human. After the Covid pandemic, It is assumed that the whole world may have a fight against Multiple resistant bacterial pathogens or microorganisms connected to water and food. MDR bacteria (like MRSA and VRSA) in addition to newly mutated microorganism may also infect human beings, birds, and animals.
{"title":"MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANT PATHOGENS IN ACTION AFTER COVID PANDEMIC","authors":"Navneet Kumar, Ms. Minal Thakkar","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0930","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the unique means for prompting the scientific community to consider developing healthcare infrastructures and logistics that will deal with any future pandemics, may be in a manner comparable to dealing with biological war or an outside attack due to Manmade weapons. Biomedical experts have refocused their efforts on creating innovative vaccines and medicines to halt the deadly spread of these infections using new biological approaches. Only a small number of innovative nations have a healthy security policy on national level in the event of a biological attack that has been bio-weaponized by a human. After the Covid pandemic, It is assumed that the whole world may have a fight against Multiple resistant bacterial pathogens or microorganisms connected to water and food. MDR bacteria (like MRSA and VRSA) in addition to newly mutated microorganism may also infect human beings, birds, and animals.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01323
Suraksha Vinod, Shruthy Rajesh, Shanti K.N., P. Karunakar
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disorder and the most common type of diabetes, is caused by reduced insulin secretion or insulin resistance in the body, leading to ineffective glucose uptake by the cells and eventually resulting in hyperglycemia. Metformin, sulfonylureas, and glitazones are the currently available commercial drugs used to treat T2D. These drugs either reduce the blood glucose level or elevate the insulin produced. However, the high cost, unavailability, and various side effects occurring from the use of these drugs have resulted in people looking for healthier and cost-effective ways to treat this disorder, including the use of plant extracts. This study highlights the alpha-amylase inhibition properties of Ocimum basilicum (basil) extracts through in vitro qualitative and quantitive inhibition assays. It also focuses on in silico approaches such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to determine the strength of the alpha-amylase inhibition. In vitro study revealed 1:20 diluted ethanolic, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of O. basilicum strongly inhibited salivary amylase. In silico analysis revealed Gamma Sitosterol, a compound present in relative abundance in O. basilicum, could be one of the phytocompounds responsible for this anti-diabetic property of O. basilicum. Thus, Gamma Sitosterol can be used as a potential therapeutic for T2D alongside other measures such as physical exercise and diet because the findings in this paper, although pertaining to human salivary amylase, can be extrapolated to human pancreatic amylase as salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase are known isoenzymes and share ~97% sequence homology.
{"title":"IDENTIFYING ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITORS IN OCIMUM BASILICUM USING IN VITRO AND IN SILICO APPROACHES","authors":"Suraksha Vinod, Shruthy Rajesh, Shanti K.N., P. Karunakar","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01323","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disorder and the most common type of diabetes, is caused by reduced insulin secretion or insulin resistance in the body, leading to ineffective glucose uptake by the cells and eventually resulting in hyperglycemia. Metformin, sulfonylureas, and glitazones are the currently available commercial drugs used to treat T2D. These drugs either reduce the blood glucose level or elevate the insulin produced. However, the high cost, unavailability, and various side effects occurring from the use of these drugs have resulted in people looking for healthier and cost-effective ways to treat this disorder, including the use of plant extracts. This study highlights the alpha-amylase inhibition properties of Ocimum basilicum (basil) extracts through in vitro qualitative and quantitive inhibition assays. It also focuses on in silico approaches such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to determine the strength of the alpha-amylase inhibition. In vitro study revealed 1:20 diluted ethanolic, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of O. basilicum strongly inhibited salivary amylase. In silico analysis revealed Gamma Sitosterol, a compound present in relative abundance in O. basilicum, could be one of the phytocompounds responsible for this anti-diabetic property of O. basilicum. Thus, Gamma Sitosterol can be used as a potential therapeutic for T2D alongside other measures such as physical exercise and diet because the findings in this paper, although pertaining to human salivary amylase, can be extrapolated to human pancreatic amylase as salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase are known isoenzymes and share ~97% sequence homology.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0129
Panwadee Rojanasiri, N. Tuaycharoen
The effects of illuminance level and lamp type were investigated for crime prevention in Thai pedestrian walkways aimed to examine the effects of illuminance on perceived safety, pedestrian behaviour, and criminal identification as part of crime prevention. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University. Five levels of illuminance: 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 lux, and the types of lamps—HPS, LED Daylight and LED Warm White were investigated. Experimental tests were performed using a 3D model with DIALux simulation. Results showed that each lamp type required a different illuminance to optimize crime prevention. The HPS lamp with an illuminance of 200 lux was found to be the most suitable level for perceived safety, while 10 lux was suitable for pedestrian behaviour and 10 lux was suitable for criminal identification. For the LED Daylight lamp, the illuminance of 200 lux was the most appropriate level for perceived safety, while 20 lux was suitable for pedestrian behaviour and 10-20 lux was enough for criminal identification. For the LED Warm-white lamp, the illuminance of 10 lux was the most appropriate level for perceived safety, with 20 lux for pedestrian behaviour, and 10-20 lux for criminal identification.
{"title":"EFFECT OF LIGHTING LEVELS AND LAMP TYPES FOR CRIME PREVENTION IN THAI PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS","authors":"Panwadee Rojanasiri, N. Tuaycharoen","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0129","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of illuminance level and lamp type were investigated for crime prevention in Thai pedestrian walkways aimed to examine the effects of illuminance on perceived safety, pedestrian behaviour, and criminal identification as part of crime prevention. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University. Five levels of illuminance: 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 lux, and the types of lamps—HPS, LED Daylight and LED Warm White were investigated. Experimental tests were performed using a 3D model with DIALux simulation. Results showed that each lamp type required a different illuminance to optimize crime prevention. The HPS lamp with an illuminance of 200 lux was found to be the most suitable level for perceived safety, while 10 lux was suitable for pedestrian behaviour and 10 lux was suitable for criminal identification. For the LED Daylight lamp, the illuminance of 200 lux was the most appropriate level for perceived safety, while 20 lux was suitable for pedestrian behaviour and 10-20 lux was enough for criminal identification. For the LED Warm-white lamp, the illuminance of 10 lux was the most appropriate level for perceived safety, with 20 lux for pedestrian behaviour, and 10-20 lux for criminal identification.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0871
L. Kanagasabai
Abstract; Chimpanzee Mating Inspired Optimization (CPO) Algorithm is applied to solve the power loss lessening problem. Major objectives are reduction of power loss and voltage deviation minimization. Various mating actions of Chimpanzee have been imitated to formulate the algorithm. Mating of Male Chimpanzee with single and multiple females are considered in the design. Few Chimpanzees may stay alone and some may wander as like nomad. These situations are included in the formulations of the algorithm. Chimpanzee Mating Inspired Optimization (CPO) Algorithm is verified in G01 - G24 benchmark functions, IEEE 300, 354 bus test systems and Practical system - WDN 220 KV (Unified Egyptian Transmission Network (UETN)). In Practical UETN the value obtained by CPO is Power loss (MW) - 29. 708, Voltage deviation (PU) - 0.5808.
{"title":"NOVEL CHIMPANZEE MATING INSPIRED OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR REAL POWER LOSS REDUCTION","authors":"L. Kanagasabai","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0871","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract; Chimpanzee Mating Inspired Optimization (CPO) Algorithm is applied to solve the power loss lessening problem. Major objectives are reduction of power loss and voltage deviation minimization. Various mating actions of Chimpanzee have been imitated to formulate the algorithm. Mating of Male Chimpanzee with single and multiple females are considered in the design. Few Chimpanzees may stay alone and some may wander as like nomad. These situations are included in the formulations of the algorithm. Chimpanzee Mating Inspired Optimization (CPO) Algorithm is verified in G01 - G24 benchmark functions, IEEE 300, 354 bus test systems and Practical system - WDN 220 KV (Unified Egyptian Transmission Network (UETN)). In Practical UETN the value obtained by CPO is Power loss (MW) - 29. 708, Voltage deviation (PU) - 0.5808.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01379
Babita Panda, Sampurna Panda, Rakesh Kumar, C. Jena, L. Nanda, Arjyadhara Pradhan
A photovoltaic (PV) array is grately responsive to changes in temperature; contrarily, reduction in temperature is the major factor that subsidize to an raise in the electrical efficiency and output power of a PV system. To optimize the production of energy by PV panels and reduce their temperature, a photovoltaic (PV) cooling system is basically used. Nonetheless, more insolation is generally associated with higher temperatures, which is ambiguous for photovoltaic (PV) panels because they rely on that irradiance to create power. These extreme temperature rises have a devastating effect on how skillfully photovoltaic (PV) panels transforms energy. A solar photovoltaic (PV) system can opearte more accurately with an adequate cooling system on its surface. In this paper, a passive cooling model for the PV panel has been devloped which cools down the PV panel by employing dry grass and water at the back surface. A correlation has been made with a non-cooled panel. Two PV panels are simultaneously tested. Electrical output properties of both the PV panels have been recorded and energy and exergy analysis for the system has been presented to have a more detailed understanding of the cooling effect on PV panel performance. The cooled panel has an increase in efficiency by 47%. Along with the electrical efficiency, the thermal efficiency has also been presented in this paper for performance evaluation in the form of overall efficiency.
{"title":"ENERGY & EXERGY ANALYSIS OF A PV PANEL WITH PASSIVE COOLING MECHANISM","authors":"Babita Panda, Sampurna Panda, Rakesh Kumar, C. Jena, L. Nanda, Arjyadhara Pradhan","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01379","url":null,"abstract":"A photovoltaic (PV) array is grately responsive to changes in temperature; contrarily, reduction in temperature is the major factor that subsidize to an raise in the electrical efficiency and output power of a PV system. To optimize the production of energy by PV panels and reduce their temperature, a photovoltaic (PV) cooling system is basically used. Nonetheless, more insolation is generally associated with higher temperatures, which is ambiguous for photovoltaic (PV) panels because they rely on that irradiance to create power. These extreme temperature rises have a devastating effect on how skillfully photovoltaic (PV) panels transforms energy. A solar photovoltaic (PV) system can opearte more accurately with an adequate cooling system on its surface. In this paper, a passive cooling model for the PV panel has been devloped which cools down the PV panel by employing dry grass and water at the back surface. A correlation has been made with a non-cooled panel. Two PV panels are simultaneously tested. Electrical output properties of both the PV panels have been recorded and energy and exergy analysis for the system has been presented to have a more detailed understanding of the cooling effect on PV panel performance. The cooled panel has an increase in efficiency by 47%. Along with the electrical efficiency, the thermal efficiency has also been presented in this paper for performance evaluation in the form of overall efficiency.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01688
Masruroh Masruroh, I. W. Wira Yuda, D. Santjojo
Spin coating speed controls the deposition process, affecting the formation of the layer’s topography of graphene oxide and the viscoelastic properties of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). In this work, the graphene oxide was deposited on the QCM surface by spin coating method with speeds ranging from 500 to 800 rpm. The layer’s surface topography was subsequently measured and analyzed using a roughness multiparameter, which included the area average (Sa), area roughness deviation (Sq), localized surface roughness (Sz), surface skewness (Ssk), and surface kurtosis (Sku). The Sa, Sq, and Sz, which were decreased as the spinning speed increased. The measurements indicated that the graphene oxide layer deposited at 500 rpm had a rough and clumpy texture, while at a high speed of 800 rpm, the layer had a much smoother texture. A detailed analysis using the Sku and Ssk parameters revealed that the clumpy texture in the 500 rpm sample contains tapered sharp graphene oxide structures and a small amount of porosity. On the other hand, the sharp structures were significantly reduced, and porosity was dominant in the sample deposited at high speeds of 700 rpm and 800 rpm. The effect of the spinning speed and the topography on the viscoelasticity was studied using an impedance analyzer. The impedance of the layer deposited at 500 rpm was relatively higher than that at 800 rpm. The frequency shift was also relatively significant for the sample deposited at low speed and was reduced at higher speed. The impedance analysis demonstrated that the layer’s viscosity is affected by its mass, roughness, texture, and porosity.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF SPIN COATING’S SPEED ON GRAPHENE-OXIDE’S LAYER TOPOGRAPHY AND QCM VISCOELASTICITY","authors":"Masruroh Masruroh, I. W. Wira Yuda, D. Santjojo","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01688","url":null,"abstract":"Spin coating speed controls the deposition process, affecting the formation of the layer’s topography of graphene oxide and the viscoelastic properties of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). In this work, the graphene oxide was deposited on the QCM surface by spin coating method with speeds ranging from 500 to 800 rpm. The layer’s surface topography was subsequently measured and analyzed using a roughness multiparameter, which included the area average (Sa), area roughness deviation (Sq), localized surface roughness (Sz), surface skewness (Ssk), and surface kurtosis (Sku). The Sa, Sq, and Sz, which were decreased as the spinning speed increased. The measurements indicated that the graphene oxide layer deposited at 500 rpm had a rough and clumpy texture, while at a high speed of 800 rpm, the layer had a much smoother texture. A detailed analysis using the Sku and Ssk parameters revealed that the clumpy texture in the 500 rpm sample contains tapered sharp graphene oxide structures and a small amount of porosity. On the other hand, the sharp structures were significantly reduced, and porosity was dominant in the sample deposited at high speeds of 700 rpm and 800 rpm. The effect of the spinning speed and the topography on the viscoelasticity was studied using an impedance analyzer. The impedance of the layer deposited at 500 rpm was relatively higher than that at 800 rpm. The frequency shift was also relatively significant for the sample deposited at low speed and was reduced at higher speed. The impedance analysis demonstrated that the layer’s viscosity is affected by its mass, roughness, texture, and porosity.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0864
Sivaprakash Palleda, Kagathur Goud Satish
Composite materials are best suited for many engineering applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. Metal matrix composites have drawn attention due to their superior mechanical qualities and economics in preparation. This study uses stir casting to prepare aluminum 6065 with SiC particles in varied concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the effects of particle content (8 to 12 wt%), loading variables, and Ni-Cr coating thickness (100 and 200 microns) on the scratch resistance of the composites. Scratch tests were also used to examine the friction coefficient and scratch morphology of the aluminum matrix composites. When compared to lower particle concentrations in the matrix material, it has been found that more significant particle content provides more excellent scratch resistance.
复合材料因其高强度重量比，最适合许多工程应用。金属基复合材料因其卓越的机械性能和制备经济性而备受关注。本研究采用搅拌铸造法制备含有不同浓度 SiC 颗粒的铝 6065。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）用于研究颗粒含量（8 至 12 wt%）、负载变量和镍铬涂层厚度（100 和 200 微米）对复合材料抗划伤性的影响。划痕试验还用于检测铝基复合材料的摩擦系数和划痕形态。结果发现，与基体材料中较低的颗粒浓度相比，颗粒含量越高，抗划痕性能越好。
{"title":"AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF NI-CR COATING THICKNESS ON THE SCRATCH RESISTANCE OF PARTICLE-","authors":"Sivaprakash Palleda, Kagathur Goud Satish","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e0864","url":null,"abstract":"Composite materials are best suited for many engineering applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. Metal matrix composites have drawn attention due to their superior mechanical qualities and economics in preparation. This study uses stir casting to prepare aluminum 6065 with SiC particles in varied concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the effects of particle content (8 to 12 wt%), loading variables, and Ni-Cr coating thickness (100 and 200 microns) on the scratch resistance of the composites. Scratch tests were also used to examine the friction coefficient and scratch morphology of the aluminum matrix composites. When compared to lower particle concentrations in the matrix material, it has been found that more significant particle content provides more excellent scratch resistance.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01681
Vaibhav Maniar, Pinank Patel
The study focused on addressing casting defects in green sand casting that have negatively impacted the quality of the butterfly valve body. By employing various methods such as observation, interviews, numerical experimentation, and simulation, the researchers aimed to develop and evaluate a sand-casting technique for the butterfly valve body. Solidworks software was used to model the component and its gating system, while ProCAST software enabled mold filling and solidification analyses. The goal was to minimize shrinkage porosities in the cast butterfly valve body by optimizing process parameters through numerical experiments and the Taguchi technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Minitab 18 software analyzed the results. Through this research, the sand mold-related defect was reduced from 10% to 3%, and the special shrinkage defect was reduced from 26% to 2% by using a simulation of casting.
{"title":"OPTIMIZING SHRINKAGE DEFECTS IN GREY CAST IRON BUTTERFLY VALVE CASTING: A SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT-BASED APPROACH","authors":"Vaibhav Maniar, Pinank Patel","doi":"10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01681","url":null,"abstract":"The study focused on addressing casting defects in green sand casting that have negatively impacted the quality of the butterfly valve body. By employing various methods such as observation, interviews, numerical experimentation, and simulation, the researchers aimed to develop and evaluate a sand-casting technique for the butterfly valve body. Solidworks software was used to model the component and its gating system, while ProCAST software enabled mold filling and solidification analyses. The goal was to minimize shrinkage porosities in the cast butterfly valve body by optimizing process parameters through numerical experiments and the Taguchi technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Minitab 18 software analyzed the results. Through this research, the sand mold-related defect was reduced from 10% to 3%, and the special shrinkage defect was reduced from 26% to 2% by using a simulation of casting.","PeriodicalId":509211,"journal":{"name":"Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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