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Machine learning prediction of concrete frost resistance and optimization design of mix proportions 混凝土抗冻性的机器学习预测和混合比例的优化设计
Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-236703
Jinpeng Dai, Zhijie Zhang, Xiaoyuan Yang, Qicai Wang, Jie He
This study explores nine machine learning (ML) methods, including linear, non-linear and ensemble learning models, using nine concrete parameters as characteristic variables. Including the dosage of cement (C), fly ash (FA), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), coarse aggregate (G), fine aggregate (S), water reducing agent (WRA) and water (W), initial gas content (GC) and number of freeze-thaw cycles (NFTC), To predict relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) and mass loss rate (MLR). Based on the linear correlation analysis and the evaluation of four performance indicators of R2, MSE, MAE and RMSE, it is found that the nonlinear model has better performance. In the prediction of RDEM, the integrated learning GBDT model has the best prediction ability. The evaluation indexes were R2 = 0.78, MSE = 0.0041, MAE = 0.0345, RMSE = 0.0157, SI = 0.0177, BIAS = 0.0294. In the prediction of MLR, ensemble learning Catboost algorithm model has the best prediction ability, and the evaluation indexes are R2 = 0.84, MSE = 0.0036, RMSE = 0.0597, MAE = 0.0312, SI = 5.5298, BIAS = 0.1772. Then, Monte Carlo fine-tuning method is used to optimize the concrete mix ratio, so as to obtain the best mix ratio.
本研究以九个混凝土参数为特征变量,探讨了九种机器学习(ML)方法,包括线性、非线性和集合学习模型。包括水泥用量(C)、粉煤灰用量(FA)、磨细高炉矿渣用量(GGBS)、粗骨料用量(G)、细骨料用量(S)、减水剂用量(WRA)和水用量(W)、初始含气量(GC)和冻融循环次数(NFTC),以预测相对动态弹性模量(RDEM)和质量损失率(MLR)。基于线性相关分析和 R2、MSE、MAE 和 RMSE 四项性能指标的评估,发现非线性模型具有更好的性能。在对 RDEM 的预测中,综合学习 GBDT 模型的预测能力最佳。评价指标分别为 R2 = 0.78、MSE = 0.0041、MAE = 0.0345、RMSE = 0.0157、SI = 0.0177、BIAS = 0.0294。在 MLR 预测中,集合学习 Catboost 算法模型的预测能力最好,评价指标为 R2 = 0.84、MSE = 0.0036、RMSE = 0.0597、MAE = 0.0312、SI = 5.5298、BIAS = 0.1772。然后,采用蒙特卡罗微调方法对混凝土配合比进行优化,从而获得最佳配合比。
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引用次数: 0
TrumpetNet: A Convolutional Neural Network with Self-Attention Mechanisms for visual detection of trumpet fingering 小号网络:具有自注意力机制的卷积神经网络,用于小号指法的视觉检测
Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219342
José E. Valdez-Rodríguez, Nahum Rangel, M. Moreno-Armendáriz
Visual detection of fingering on the trumpet is an increasingly interesting topic in music research. The ability to recognize and track the movements of the trumpet player’s fingers during the performance of a musical piece can provide valuable information for analyzing and improving instrument technique. However, this is a largely unexplored task, as most works focus on audio quality rather than instrument fingering techniques. Developing techniques for identifying essential finger positions on a musical instrument is crucial, as poor fingering techniques can harm instrument performance. In this work, we propose the visual detection of this fingering using convolutional neural networks with a proprietary dataset created for this purpose. Additionally, to improve the results and focus on the essential parts of the instrument, we use self-attention mechanisms by extracting these features automatically.
小号指法的视觉检测是音乐研究中一个越来越有趣的课题。识别和跟踪小号演奏者在演奏乐曲时手指的动作,可以为分析和改进演奏技巧提供有价值的信息。然而,这在很大程度上是一项尚未探索的任务,因为大多数工作都侧重于音频质量而非乐器指法技巧。开发用于识别乐器上重要手指位置的技术至关重要,因为糟糕的指法技术会损害乐器性能。在这项工作中,我们提出利用卷积神经网络和为此目的创建的专有数据集对这种指法进行视觉检测。此外,为了改进结果并将重点放在乐器的重要部分,我们使用了自动提取这些特征的自我注意机制。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of horizontal gene transference by means of anomaly detection and natural language-inspired interpretable embeddings 通过异常检测和自然语言启发的可解释嵌入识别水平基因转移
Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219337
V. Lomas-Barrie, Michelle Reyes-Camacho, Antonio Neme
Horizontal gene transference is a biological process that involves the donation of DNA or RNA from an organism to a second, unrelated organism. This process is different from the more common one, vertical transference, which is present whenever an organism or pair of organisms reproduce and transmit their genetic material to the descendants. The identification of segments of genetic material that are the result of horizontal transference is relevant to construct accurate phylogenetic trees, on one hand, and to detect possible drug-resistance mechanisms, on the other, since this movement of genetic material is the main cause behind antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Here, we describe a novel algorithm able to detect sequences of foreign origin, and thus, possible acquired via horizontal transference. The general idea of our method is that within the genome of an organism, there might be sequences that are different from the vast majority of the remaining sequences from the same organism. The former are candidate anomalies, and thus, their origin may be explained by horizontal transference. This approach is equivalent to a particular instance of the authorship attribution problem, that in which from a set of texts or paragraphs, almost all of them were written by the same author, whereas a minority has a different authorship. The constraint is that the author of each text is not known, so the algorithm has to attribute the authorship of each one of the texts. The texts detected to be written by a different author are the equivalent of the sequences of foreign origin for the case of genetic material. We describe here a novel method to detect anomalous sequences, based on interpretable embeddings derived from a common attention mechanism in humans, that of identifying novel tokens within a given sequence. Our proposal achieves novel and consistent results over the genome of a well known organism.
横向基因转移是一个生物过程,涉及从一个生物体向另一个不相关的生物体捐赠 DNA 或 RNA。这一过程与更常见的垂直转移不同,后者是指当一种生物或一对生物进行繁殖并将其遗传物质传给后代时,就会发生基因水平转移。识别水平转移过程中的遗传物质片段,一方面有助于构建准确的系统发生树,另一方面也有助于检测可能的耐药性机制,因为这种遗传物质的移动是细菌产生抗生素耐药性的主要原因。在此,我们介绍一种新颖的算法,该算法能够检测外源序列,从而检测可能通过水平转移获得的序列。我们的方法的总体思路是,在一个生物体的基因组中,可能有一些序列与同一生物体的绝大多数其余序列不同。前者是候选异常,因此,它们的起源可以用水平转移来解释。这种方法等同于作者归属问题的一个特殊实例,即在一组文本或段落中,几乎所有文本或段落都是由同一作者所写,而少数文本或段落的作者则不同。问题的限制条件是不知道每篇文本的作者,因此算法必须确定每篇文本的作者归属。被检测出作者不同的文本就相当于遗传物质中的异源序列。我们在此介绍一种检测异常序列的新方法,该方法基于人类常见的注意力机制(即识别给定序列中的新标记)衍生出的可解释嵌入。我们的建议在已知生物的基因组上取得了新颖而一致的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Fuzzy convolutional neural network model applied to classification problems 应用于分类问题的模糊卷积神经网络模型
Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219369
Claudia I. Gonzalez, Cesar Torres
This paper presents an approach incorporating fuzzy logic techniques inside a convolutional neural network to manage uncertainty present in the multiple data sources that the model handles when training. The implementation considers the use of information and filters in the fuzzy spectrum, as well as the creation of a new layer to replace the traditional convolution layer with a fuzzy convolutional layer. The aim is to design artificial intelligence algorithms that combine the potential of deep convolutional neural networks and fuzzy logic to create robust systems that allow modeling the uncertainty present in the sources of data and that are applied to classification problems. The fuzzification process is developed using three membership functions, including the Triangular, Gaussian, and S functions. The work was tested in databases oriented to traffic signs, due to the complexity of the different circumstances and factors in which a traffic sign can be found.
本文介绍了一种将模糊逻辑技术融入卷积神经网络的方法,以管理模型在训练时处理的多种数据源中存在的不确定性。实施过程中考虑了模糊频谱中信息和滤波器的使用,以及创建一个新层,用模糊卷积层取代传统卷积层。其目的是设计人工智能算法,结合深度卷积神经网络和模糊逻辑的潜力,创建稳健的系统,以模拟数据源中存在的不确定性,并应用于分类问题。模糊化过程使用了三种成员函数,包括三角函数、高斯函数和 S 函数。由于发现交通标志的不同环境和因素的复杂性,这项工作在面向交通标志的数据库中进行了测试。
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引用次数: 0
A novel rolling bearing fault diagnosis method for limited data 针对有限数据的新型滚动轴承故障诊断方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-236787
Haibin Sun, Wenbo Zhang
The ability of deep learning based bearing fault diagnosis methods is developing rapidly. However, it is difficult to obtain sufficient and comprehensive fault data in industrial applications, and changes in vibration signals caused by machine operating conditions can also hinder the accuracy of the model. The problem of limited data and frequent changes in operating conditions can seriously affect the effectiveness of deep learning methods. To tackle these challenges, a novel transformer model named the Differential Window Transformer (Dwin Transformer), which employs a new differential window self-attention mechanism, is presented in this paper. Meanwhile, the model introduces a hierarchical structure and a new patch merging to further improve performance. Furthermore, a new fault diagnosis model dealing with limited training data is proposed, which combines the Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network with the Dwin Transformer(DT-ACGAN). The DT-ACGAN model can generate high-quality fake samples to facilitate training with limited data, significantly improving diagnostic capabilities. The proposed model can achieve excellent results under the dual challenges of limited data and variable working conditions by combining Dwin Transformer with GAN. The DT-ACGAN owns superior diagnostic accuracy and generalization performance under limited sample data and varying working environments when compared with other existing models. A comparative test about cross-domain ability is conducted on the Case Western Reserve University dataset and Jiang Nan University dataset. The results show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 11.3% and 3.76% higher than other existing methods with limited data respectively.
基于深度学习的轴承故障诊断方法发展迅速。然而,在工业应用中很难获得足够和全面的故障数据,机器运行条件引起的振动信号变化也会阻碍模型的准确性。有限的数据和频繁变化的运行条件会严重影响深度学习方法的有效性。为了应对这些挑战,本文提出了一种名为差分窗口变压器(Dwin Transformer)的新型变压器模型,该模型采用了一种新的差分窗口自注意机制。同时,该模型引入了分层结构和新的补丁合并,以进一步提高性能。此外,本文还提出了一种处理有限训练数据的新型故障诊断模型,该模型将辅助分类生成对抗网络与 Dwin Transformer(DT-ACGAN)相结合。DT-ACGAN 模型可以生成高质量的假样本,便于在数据有限的情况下进行训练,从而显著提高诊断能力。通过将 Dwin Transformer 与 GAN 相结合,所提出的模型可以在有限数据和多变工作条件的双重挑战下取得优异的结果。与其他现有模型相比,DT-ACGAN 在有限的样本数据和多变的工作环境下具有更高的诊断准确性和泛化性能。在凯斯西储大学数据集和江南大学数据集上进行了跨领域能力对比测试。结果表明,在数据有限的情况下,所提出的方法比其他现有方法的平均准确率分别高出 11.3% 和 3.76%。
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引用次数: 0
SCS-YOLOv5s: A cattle detection and counting method for complex breeding environment SCS-YOLOv5s:适用于复杂繁殖环境的牛群检测和计数方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-237231
Zhi Weng, Rongfei Bai, Zhiqiang Zheng
Cattle detection and counting is one of the most important topics in the development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry. The traditional manual monitoring methods are inefficient and constrained by factors such as site. To solve the above problems, a SCS-YOLOv5 cattle detection and counting model for complex breeding scenarios is proposed. The original SPPF module is replaced in the YOLOv5 backbone network with a CSP structured SPPFCSPC. A CA (Coordinate Attention) mechanism is added to the neck network, as well as the SC (Standard Convolution) of the Neck network is replaced with a light convolution GSConv and Slim Neck is introduced, and training strategies such as multi-scale training are also employed. The experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the feature extraction ability and feature fusion ability, balances the localization accuracy and detection speed, and improves the use effect in real farming scenarios. The Precision of the improved network model is improved from 93.2% to 95.5%, mAP@0.5 is improved from 94.5% to 95.2%, the RMSE is reduced by about 0.03, and the FPS reaches 88. Compared with other mainstream algorithms, the comprehensive performance of SCS-YOLOv5 s is in a leading position, with fewer missed and false detections, and the strong robustness and generalization ability of this model are proved on multi-category public datasets. Applying the improvement ideas in this paper to YOLOv8 s also yields an increase in accuracy. The improved method in this study can greatly improve the accuracy of cattle detection and counting in complex environments, and has good real-time performance, so as to provide technical support for large-scale cattle breeding.
牛的检测和计数是现代农业和畜牧业发展中最重要的课题之一。传统的人工监测方法效率低下,且受场地等因素制约。为解决上述问题,本文提出了一种适用于复杂养殖场景的 SCS-YOLOv5 牛群检测与计数模型。在 YOLOv5 骨干网络中,原有的 SPPF 模块被 CSP 结构的 SPPFCSPC 所取代。在颈部网络中加入了 CA(Coordinate Attention)机制,并将颈部网络的 SC(Standard Convolution)替换为轻卷积 GSConv,引入了 Slim Neck,还采用了多尺度训练等训练策略。实验结果表明,所提出的方法增强了特征提取能力和特征融合能力,兼顾了定位精度和检测速度,提高了在实际农业场景中的使用效果。改进后的网络模型精度从 93.2% 提高到 95.5%,mAP@0.5 从 94.5% 提高到 95.2%,RMSE 降低了约 0.03,FPS 达到 88。与其他主流算法相比,SCS-YOLOv5 s 的综合性能处于领先地位,漏检和误检较少,其强大的鲁棒性和泛化能力在多类别公共数据集上得到了验证。将本文的改进思路应用到 YOLOv8 s 中也能提高准确率。本研究的改进方法可大大提高复杂环境下牛的检测和计数精度,并具有良好的实时性,从而为大规模养牛提供技术支持。
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引用次数: 0
ERRRT-A*: A fast path planning algorithm suitable for large-scale scenes ERRRT-A*:适用于大规模场景的快速路径规划算法
Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-238695
Lixin Zhang, Hongtao Yin, Ang Li, Longbiao Hu
In large-scale scenes, how to quickly obtain paths while ensuring the shortest possible path length is a key issue. Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) have the characteristic of quickly exploring the state space, but it is often difficult to obtain a short path. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes an improved RRT algorithm based on equidistance retention strategy and A* local search(ERRRT-A*). First, RRT is used for large-step global fast exploration to obtain approximate paths. Then, an equidistance retention strategy is used to discard most of the points and retain a small number of key points. Finally, A* is used to search between each segment to obtain a new path. The ERRRT-A* algorithm is compared with other commonly used algorithms on maps of different size in terms of path length and planning time. Simulation results indicate that compared with other algorithms, this algorithm achieves fast planning in large-scale scenes while obtaining short path length, which can effectively balance the path length and planning time.
在大规模场景中,如何在确保路径长度最短的前提下快速获取路径是一个关键问题。快速探索随机树(RRT)具有快速探索状态空间的特点,但往往难以获得短路径。为了克服这一问题,本文提出了一种基于等距保留策略和 A* 局部搜索(ERRT-A*)的改进 RRT 算法。首先,使用 RRT 进行大步全局快速探索,以获得近似路径。然后,使用等距保留策略丢弃大部分点,保留少量关键点。最后,使用 A* 在每个线段之间进行搜索,以获得新路径。在不同大小的地图上,ERRRT-A* 算法与其他常用算法在路径长度和规划时间方面进行了比较。仿真结果表明,与其他算法相比,该算法在大规模场景中实现了快速规划,同时获得了较短的路径长度,能有效平衡路径长度和规划时间。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective optimization scheduling method considering flexible load integration for distribution network 考虑配电网灵活负载集成的多目标优化调度方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-238367
Yingjie Li, Rongrong Sun, Guangrong Huang, Yuanbin Deng, Haixuan Zhang, Delong Zhang
In response to a series of issues in the distribution network, such as inadequate and inflexible utilization of flexible loads, delayed response to demand participation, and the uncertainty of new energy source output, a differentiated objective-based method for optimizing distribution network operations is proposed. Firstly, flexible loads are categorized, and corresponding mathematical models are established. Secondly, by employing chance-constrained programming to account for the uncertainty in new energy source output, a multi-objective optimization model is developed to reduce distribution network economic costs, decrease network losses, and enhance power supply reliability. Subsequently, an improved NSGA-III algorithm is introduced to address the multi-objective model. Finally, an 11-node distribution network is used as a case study, and three different algorithms are comprehensively compared. This confirms the rationality of the optimized scheduling scheme proposed in this paper.
针对配电网中存在的柔性负荷利用不充分、不灵活,需求参与响应滞后,新能源输出不确定等一系列问题,提出了一种基于目标的差异化配电网优化运行方法。首先,对灵活负荷进行分类,并建立相应的数学模型。其次,考虑到新能源输出的不确定性,采用机会约束程序设计,建立多目标优化模型,以降低配电网经济成本、减少网络损耗、提高供电可靠性。随后,引入了一种改进的 NSGA-III 算法来处理多目标模型。最后,以一个 11 节点的配电网络为例,对三种不同的算法进行了综合比较。这证实了本文提出的优化调度方案的合理性。
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引用次数: 0
Optimized TOPSIS technique for trajectory selection of self-driving vehicles on highways 高速公路上自动驾驶车辆轨迹选择的优化 TOPSIS 技术
Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219365
Andrés Antonio Arenas Muñiz, Dante Mújica-Vargas, Arturo Rendón Castro, Antonio Luna-Álvarez, Virna V. Vela-Rincón
 The selection of an appropriate trajectory for self-driving vehicles involves the analysis of several criteria that describe the generated trajectories. This problem evolves into an optimization problem when it is desired to increase or decrease the values for a specific criterion. The contribution of this thesis is to explore the use and optimization of another technique for decision-making, such as TOPSIS, with a sufficiently robust method that allows the inclusion of multiple parameters and their proper optimization, incorporating human experience. The proposed approach showed significantly higher safety and comfort performance, with about 20% better efficiency and 80% fewer safety violations compared to other state-of-the-art methods, and in some cases outperforming in comfort by about 30.43%.
为自动驾驶车辆选择合适的轨迹需要对描述生成轨迹的若干标准进行分析。当需要增加或减少特定标准的值时,这个问题就演变成了优化问题。本论文的贡献在于探索另一种决策技术(如 TOPSIS)的使用和优化,该方法具有足够的鲁棒性,允许包含多个参数并结合人类经验对其进行适当优化。与其他最先进的方法相比,所提出的方法明显提高了安全性和舒适性,效率提高了约 20%,违反安全规定的情况减少了 80%,在某些情况下,舒适性提高了约 30.43%。
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引用次数: 0
Research on flexible job-shop scheduling problem based on variation-reinforcement learning 基于变异-强化学习的灵活工作车间调度问题研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.3233/jifs-236981
Changshun Shao, Zhenglin Yu, Jianyin Tang, Zheng Li, Bin Zhou, Di Wu, Jingsong Duan
The main focus of this paper is to solve the optimization problem of minimizing the maximum completion time in the flexible job-shop scheduling problem. In order to optimize this objective, random sampling is employed to extract a subset of states, and the mutation operator of the genetic algorithm is used to increase the diversity of sample chromosomes. Additionally, 5-tuple are defined as the state space, and a 4-tuple is designed as the action space. A suitable reward function is also developed. To solve the problem, four reinforcement learning algorithms (Double-Q-learning algorithm, Q-learning algorithm, SARS algorithm, and SARSA(λ) algorithm) are utilized. This approach effectively extracts states and avoids the curse of dimensionality problem that occurs when using reinforcement learning algorithms. Finally, experimental results using an international benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution model.
本文的重点是解决柔性作业车间调度问题中最大完成时间最小化的优化问题。为了优化这一目标,本文采用随机抽样的方法来提取状态子集,并利用遗传算法的突变算子来增加样本染色体的多样性。此外,5 个元组被定义为状态空间,4 个元组被设计为行动空间。还开发了一个合适的奖励函数。为了解决这个问题,利用了四种强化学习算法(双 Q 学习算法、Q 学习算法、SARS 算法和 SARSA(λ) 算法)。这种方法有效地提取了状态,避免了使用强化学习算法时出现的维度诅咒问题。最后,使用国际基准的实验结果证明了所提出的解决方案模型的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems
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