This essay reviews Streets of Gold: America’s Untold Story of Immigrant Success by Ran Abramitzky and Leah Boustan. This elegantly written book, whih is a must-read for anyone interested in the topic of immigration, walks the reader through a history of US immigration, examining patterns of immigrant assimilation from the mid-nineteenth century to today. The book challenges two myths about US immigration. First, it shows that historical European immigrants did not always arrive poor and quickly climb the economic and social ladder. Second, it documents that the pace of immigrant assimilation today resembles that prevailing at the turn of the twentieth century. (JEL J15, J18, K37, N31, N32, Z13)
本文评论了《金街》：美国不为人知的移民成功故事》（America's Untold Story of Immigrant Success），作者兰-阿布拉米茨基（Ran Abramitzky）和莉娅-布斯坦（Leah Boustan）。这本书文笔优美，是任何对移民话题感兴趣的人的必读书，它带领读者回顾了美国的移民史，研究了从十九世纪中叶到今天的移民同化模式。该书挑战了有关美国移民的两个神话。首先，该书表明，历史上的欧洲移民并不总是一贫如洗，也不总是能迅速攀上经济和社会的阶梯。其次，该书记录了当今移民同化的速度与二十世纪之交的移民同化速度相似。(JEL J15, J18, K37, N31, N32, Z13)
{"title":"Debunking Immigration Myths: A Review Essay of Streets of Gold: America’s Untold Story of Immigrant Success","authors":"Marco Tabellini","doi":"10.1257/jel.20231754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20231754","url":null,"abstract":"This essay reviews Streets of Gold: America’s Untold Story of Immigrant Success by Ran Abramitzky and Leah Boustan. This elegantly written book, whih is a must-read for anyone interested in the topic of immigration, walks the reader through a history of US immigration, examining patterns of immigrant assimilation from the mid-nineteenth century to today. The book challenges two myths about US immigration. First, it shows that historical European immigrants did not always arrive poor and quickly climb the economic and social ladder. Second, it documents that the pace of immigrant assimilation today resembles that prevailing at the turn of the twentieth century. (JEL J15, J18, K37, N31, N32, Z13)","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"63 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent data technology innovations, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, have transformed the production of knowledge and increased the importance of data. This review explores how data—digitized information—has been modeled within classic macroeconomic frameworks. It compares the economics of data to other concepts such as ideas, patents, and learning-by-doing. This paper also shows potential ways to model applications for data, including innovation, process optimization, and matching. Because this research area is nascent, much of the article is devoted to open questions and directions for future data economy research. (JEL C80, D21, D83, E23, E24, J23)
{"title":"Data and the Aggregate Economy","authors":"Laura L. Veldkamp, C. Chung","doi":"10.1257/jel.20221580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20221580","url":null,"abstract":"Recent data technology innovations, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, have transformed the production of knowledge and increased the importance of data. This review explores how data—digitized information—has been modeled within classic macroeconomic frameworks. It compares the economics of data to other concepts such as ideas, patents, and learning-by-doing. This paper also shows potential ways to model applications for data, including innovation, process optimization, and matching. Because this research area is nascent, much of the article is devoted to open questions and directions for future data economy research. (JEL C80, D21, D83, E23, E24, J23)","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"33 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian Betts of University of California, San Diego reviews “Schooled and Sorted: How Educational Categories Create Inequality” by Thurston Domina, Andrew M. Penner, and Emily K. Penner. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the production, adaptation, and enactment of categories in US schools, focusing on how this categorization is essential to the education system and promotes inequalities within it.”
加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的朱利安-贝茨（Julian Betts）评论了 Thurston Domina、Andrew M. Penner 和 Emily K. Penner 合著的《学校和分类：Thurston Domina、Andrew M. Penner 和 Emily K. Penner 合著的 "Schooled and Sorted: How Educational Categories Create Inequality "一书。这本书的 EconLit 摘要开头写道"探讨了分类在美国学校中的产生、调整和实施，重点关注这种分类是如何对教育系统起到至关重要的作用，又是如何促进教育系统中的不平等现象"。
{"title":"Schooled and Sorted: How Educational Categories Create Inequality","authors":"Julian Betts","doi":"10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r1","url":null,"abstract":"Julian Betts of University of California, San Diego reviews “Schooled and Sorted: How Educational Categories Create Inequality” by Thurston Domina, Andrew M. Penner, and Emily K. Penner. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the production, adaptation, and enactment of categories in US schools, focusing on how this categorization is essential to the education system and promotes inequalities within it.”","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"136 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew T. Levin of Dartmouth College and NBER reviews “Monetary Policy and Its Unintended Consequences” by Raghuram Rajan. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Details how monetary adventurism can have unintended effects and promotes policy that is moderate and focused on combating high inflation and financial instability.”
达特茅斯学院和 NBER 的安德鲁-莱文（Andrew T. Levin）评论拉古拉姆-拉詹（Raghuram Rajan）所著的《货币政策及其意外后果》。这本书的 EconLit 摘要开头写道"详述了货币冒险主义如何会产生意想不到的后果，并提倡适度的、专注于应对高通胀和金融不稳定的政策"。
{"title":"Monetary Policy and Its Unintended Consequences","authors":"Andrew T. Levin","doi":"10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r4","url":null,"abstract":"Andrew T. Levin of Dartmouth College and NBER reviews “Monetary Policy and Its Unintended Consequences” by Raghuram Rajan. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Details how monetary adventurism can have unintended effects and promotes policy that is moderate and focused on combating high inflation and financial instability.”","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominika Langenmayr of KU Eichstatt-Ingolstadt, WU Vienna, and CESifo reviews “The Golden Passport: Global Mobility for Millionaires” by Kristin Surak. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Examines the global citizenship market, chronicling the emergence of golden passport schemes, investigating the countries, brokers, and wealthy investors that make up the citizenship by investment (CBI) market, and offering the perspectives of locals and investors in golden passport countries.”
{"title":"The Golden Passport: Global Mobility for Millionaires","authors":"Dominika Langenmayr","doi":"10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r5","url":null,"abstract":"Dominika Langenmayr of KU Eichstatt-Ingolstadt, WU Vienna, and CESifo reviews “The Golden Passport: Global Mobility for Millionaires” by Kristin Surak. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Examines the global citizenship market, chronicling the emergence of golden passport schemes, investigating the countries, brokers, and wealthy investors that make up the citizenship by investment (CBI) market, and offering the perspectives of locals and investors in golden passport countries.”","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Welfare analysis of policy interventions is ubiquitous in economic research. It plays an important role in merger analysis and antitrust litigation, design of tax and subsidies, and informs the current debate on a universal basic income. This paper provides a survey of existing empirical methods, based on cross-sectional microdata, for calculating welfare effects and deadweight loss resulting from realized or hypothetical policy change. We briefly outline classical parametric methods that are computationally tractable, then discuss recent nonparametric approaches that avoid making statistical and functional-form restrictions on individual preferences. This makes the welfare estimates theoretically more credible, and clarifies exactly what welfare-relevant information is contained in demand distribution in various choice settings. However, these methods also demand greater in-sample variation in the data for practical implementation than classical parametric approaches. We then cover settings with externalities. The above results are theoretical, and take the demand function as known; therefore, we briefly discuss empirical problems around demand estimation. We conclude by suggesting areas for future research. (JEL C14, C35, D11, D60, D62)
{"title":"Nonparametric Approaches to Empirical Welfare Analysis","authors":"Debopam Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1257/jel.20221534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20221534","url":null,"abstract":"Welfare analysis of policy interventions is ubiquitous in economic research. It plays an important role in merger analysis and antitrust litigation, design of tax and subsidies, and informs the current debate on a universal basic income. This paper provides a survey of existing empirical methods, based on cross-sectional microdata, for calculating welfare effects and deadweight loss resulting from realized or hypothetical policy change. We briefly outline classical parametric methods that are computationally tractable, then discuss recent nonparametric approaches that avoid making statistical and functional-form restrictions on individual preferences. This makes the welfare estimates theoretically more credible, and clarifies exactly what welfare-relevant information is contained in demand distribution in various choice settings. However, these methods also demand greater in-sample variation in the data for practical implementation than classical parametric approaches. We then cover settings with externalities. The above results are theoretical, and take the demand function as known; therefore, we briefly discuss empirical problems around demand estimation. We conclude by suggesting areas for future research. (JEL C14, C35, D11, D60, D62)","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"51 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of Economic Literature, June 2024, Volume LXII, Number 2","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/jel.62.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.62.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"64 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul W. Rhode of University of Michigan and NBER reviews “Plagues upon the Earth: Disease and the Course of Human History” by Kyle Harper. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the ways that human history has shaped disease ecology and pathogen evolution and how disease ecology and pathogen evolution have shaped human history in turn, detailing how the emergence, incidence, and consequences of disease in both individuals and populations are inseparable from a wider array of social and environmental factors.”
密歇根大学和 NBER 的保罗-罗德（Paul W. Rhode）评论凯尔-哈珀（Kyle Harper）所著的《地球上的瘟疫：疾病与人类历史进程》（Disease and the Course of Human History），作者凯尔-哈珀（Kyle Harper）。这本书的 EconLit 摘要开头写道"探讨了人类历史如何塑造了疾病生态学和病原体进化，以及疾病生态学和病原体进化又如何反过来塑造了人类历史，详细介绍了疾病在个人和人群中的出现、发生和后果如何与更广泛的社会和环境因素密不可分"。
{"title":"Plagues upon the Earth: Disease and the Course of Human History","authors":"Paul W. Rhode","doi":"10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r2","url":null,"abstract":"Paul W. Rhode of University of Michigan and NBER reviews “Plagues upon the Earth: Disease and the Course of Human History” by Kyle Harper. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the ways that human history has shaped disease ecology and pathogen evolution and how disease ecology and pathogen evolution have shaped human history in turn, detailing how the emergence, incidence, and consequences of disease in both individuals and populations are inseparable from a wider array of social and environmental factors.”","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"25 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geoffrey Carliner of Boston Committee on Foreign Relations reviews “The Capitalist Manifesto: Why the Global Free Market Will Save the World” by By Johan Norberg. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Assesses the role of freedom and choice in capitalism, promoting the view that arguments against capitalism fail to take into account how capitalist competition has largely led to improvements in global standards of living.”
{"title":"The Capitalist Manifesto: Why the Global Free Market Will Save the World","authors":"Geoffrey Carliner","doi":"10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r3","url":null,"abstract":"Geoffrey Carliner of Boston Committee on Foreign Relations reviews “The Capitalist Manifesto: Why the Global Free Market Will Save the World” by By Johan Norberg. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Assesses the role of freedom and choice in capitalism, promoting the view that arguments against capitalism fail to take into account how capitalist competition has largely led to improvements in global standards of living.”","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles Betsey of Howard University reviews “Hope and Healing: Black Colleges and the Future of American Democracy” by John Silvanus Wilson Jr. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Discusses historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the context of the larger history of American higher education, highlighting what HBCUs have done and what non-HBCUs have failed to do to actualize democracy.”
霍华德大学的 Charles Betsey 评论了小约翰-西尔瓦纳斯-威尔逊（John Silvanus Wilson Jr：小约翰-希尔瓦娜斯-威尔逊（John Silvanus Wilson Jr.）撰写的《希望与治愈：黑人大学与美国民主的未来》（Hope and Healing: Black Colleges and the Future of American Democracy）："在美国高等教育的大历史背景下讨论了历史上的黑人学院和大学（HBCUs），强调了 HBCUs 在实现民主方面所做的和非 HBCUs 在实现民主方面所做的失败"。
{"title":"Hope and Healing: Black Colleges and the Future of American Democracy","authors":"Charles Betsey","doi":"10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.62.2.807.r6","url":null,"abstract":"Charles Betsey of Howard University reviews “Hope and Healing: Black Colleges and the Future of American Democracy” by John Silvanus Wilson Jr. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Discusses historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the context of the larger history of American higher education, highlighting what HBCUs have done and what non-HBCUs have failed to do to actualize democracy.”","PeriodicalId":509385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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