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RCR Report of "A Language for Agent-Based Discrete-Event Modeling and Simulation of Linked Lives" “基于agent的离散事件建模与关联生命仿真语言”的RCR报告
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1145/3490030
Romolo Marotta
The artifact evaluated in this report is relevant to the article. In fact, it allows us to run the experiments and reproduce figures, and the dependencies are documented. The process to regenerate data presented in the article completes correctly, and the results are reproducible. Additionally, the authors have uploaded their artifact on permanent repositories, which ensures a long-term retention. This article can thus receive the Artifacts Available , Artifacts Evaluated–Reusable , and Results Reproduced badges.
该报告中评估的工件与文章相关。事实上,它允许我们运行实验和复制图形,并且依赖性被记录下来。本文中提供的数据的再生过程正确完成,并且结果是可重复的。此外,作者已经将他们的工件上传到永久存储库,这确保了长期保留。因此,本文可以获得工件可用、工件评估-可重用和结果复制徽章。
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引用次数: 0
Ratatoskr: An Open-Source Framework for In-Depth Power, Performance, and Area Analysis and Optimization in 3D NoCs Ratatoskr:用于3D noc中深度功率,性能和面积分析和优化的开源框架
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1145/3472754
J. Joseph, Lennart Bamberg, Imad Hajjar, Behnam Razi Perjikolaei, A. García-Ortiz, Thilo Pionteck
We introduce Ratatoskr , an open-source framework for in-depth power, performance, and area (PPA) analysis in Networks-on-Chips (NoCs) for 3D-integrated and heterogeneous System-on-Chips (SoCs). It covers all layers of abstraction by providing an NoC hardware implementation on Register Transfer Level (RTL), an NoC simulator on cycle-accurate level and an application model on transaction level. By this comprehensive approach, Ratatoskr can provide the following specific PPA analyses: Dynamic power of links can be measured within 2.4% accuracy of bit-level simulations while maintaining cycle-accurate simulation speed. Router power is determined from RTL-to-gate-level synthesis combined with cycle-accurate simulations. The performance of the whole NoC can be measured both via cycle-accurate and RTL simulations. The performance (i.e., timing) of individual routers and the NoC area are obtained from RTL synthesis results. Despite these manifold features, Ratatoskr offers easy two-step user interaction: (1) A single point-of-entry allows setting design parameters. (2) PPA reports are generated automatically. For both the input and the output, different levels of abstraction can be chosen for high-level rapid network analysis or low-level improvement of architectural details. The synthesizable NoC-RTL model shows improved total router power and area in comparison to a conventional standard router. As a forward-thinking and unique feature not found in other NoC PPA-measurement tools, Ratatoskr supports heterogeneous 3D integration that is one of the most promising integration paradigms for upcoming SoCs. Thereby, Ratatoskr lays the groundwork to design their communication architectures. The framework is publicly available at https://github.com/ratatoskr-project .
我们介绍Ratatoskr,这是一个开源框架,用于3d集成和异构片上系统(soc)的片上网络(noc)中深入的功率,性能和面积(PPA)分析。它通过提供寄存器传输级(RTL)的NoC硬件实现、周期精确级的NoC模拟器和事务级的应用程序模型,涵盖了所有抽象层。通过这种综合的方法,Ratatoskr可以提供以下具体的PPA分析:链路的动态功率可以在2.4%的比特级模拟精度内测量,同时保持周期精确的模拟速度。路由器功率由rtl到门级综合结合周期精确仿真确定。整个NoC的性能可以通过循环精度和RTL模拟来测量。单个路由器的性能(即时序)和NoC区域由RTL综合结果得到。尽管有这些多种功能,Ratatoskr提供了简单的两步用户交互:(1)单一入口点允许设置设计参数。(2) PPA报表自动生成。对于输入和输出,可以选择不同级别的抽象来进行高级的快速网络分析或低级的架构细节改进。综合NoC-RTL模型显示,与传统标准路由器相比,路由器的总功率和面积有所提高。Ratatoskr具有其他NoC ppa测量工具所没有的前瞻性和独特特性,它支持异构3D集成,这是即将推出的soc中最有前途的集成范例之一。因此,Ratatoskr为设计他们的通信架构奠定了基础。该框架可在https://github.com/ratatoskr-project上公开获得。
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引用次数: 2
A Language for Agent-based Discrete-event Modeling and Simulation of Linked Lives 一种基于智能体的离散事件建模与关联生命仿真语言
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1145/3486634
Oliver Reinhardt, Tom Warnke, A. Uhrmacher
In agent-based modeling and simulation, discrete-time methods prevail. While there is a need to cover the agents’ dynamics in continuous time, commonly used agent-based modeling frameworks offer little support for discrete-event simulation. Here, we present a formal syntax and semantics of the language ML3 (Modeling Language for Linked Lives) for modeling and simulating multi-agent systems as discrete-event systems. The language focuses on applications in demography, such as migration processes, and considers this discipline’s specific requirements. These include the importance of life courses being linked and the age-dependency of activities and events. The developed abstract syntax of the language combines the metaphor of agents with guarded commands. Its semantics is defined in terms of Generalized Semi-Markov Processes. The concrete language has been realized as an external domain-specific language. We discuss implications for efficient simulation algorithms and elucidate benefits of formally defining domain-specific languages for modeling and simulation.
在基于智能体的建模和仿真中,离散时间方法占主导地位。虽然需要在连续时间内覆盖代理的动态,但常用的基于代理的建模框架对离散事件仿真的支持很少。在这里,我们提出了ML3语言的形式化语法和语义,用于将多智能体系统建模和模拟为离散事件系统。该语言侧重于人口统计学中的应用,例如迁移过程,并考虑这一学科的具体要求。其中包括生命历程相互联系的重要性以及活动和事件的年龄依赖性。该语言发展的抽象语法结合了代理的隐喻和受保护的命令。其语义由广义半马尔可夫过程定义。具体语言已被实现为外部特定于领域的语言。我们讨论了高效仿真算法的含义,并阐明了正式定义用于建模和仿真的领域特定语言的好处。
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引用次数: 7
Reflective Nested Simulations Supporting Optimizations within Sequential Railway Traffic Simulators 支持序列铁路交通模拟器优化的反射嵌套模拟
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1145/3467965
R. Divis, A. Kavička
This article describes and discusses railway-traffic simulators that use reflective nested simulations. Such simulations support optimizations (decision-making) with a focus on the selection of the most suitable solution where selected types of traffic problems are present. This approach allows suspension of the ongoing main simulation at a given moment and, by using supportive nested simulations (working with an appropriate lookahead), assessment of the different acceptable solution variants for the problem encountered—that is, a what-if analysis is carried out. The variant that provides the best predicted operational results (based on a specific criterion) is then selected for continuing the suspended main simulation. The proposed procedures are associated, in particular, with the use of sequential simulators specifically developed for railway traffic simulations. Special attention is paid to parallel computations of replications both of the main simulation and of supportive nested simulations. The concept proposed, applicable to railway traffic modelling, has the following advantages. First, the solution variants for the existing traffic situation are analyzed with respect to the feasibility of direct monitoring and evaluation of the natural traffic indicators or the appropriate (multi-criterial) function. The indicator values compare the results obtained from the variants being tested. Second, the supporting nested simulations, which potentially use additional hierarchic nesting, can also include future occurrences of random effects (such as train delay), thereby enabling us to realistically assess future traffic in stochastic conditions. The guidelines presented (for exploiting nested simulations within application projects with time constraints) are illustrated on a simulation case study focusing on traffic assessment related to the track infrastructure of a passenger railway station. Nested simulations support decisions linked with dynamic assignments of platform tracks to delayed trains. The use of reflective nested simulations is appropriate particularly in situations in which a reasonable number of admissible variants are to be analyzed within decision-making problem solution. This method is applicable especially to the support of medium-term (tactical) and long-term (strategic) planning. Because of rather high computational and time demands, nested simulations are not recommended for solving short-term (operative) planning/control problems.
本文描述并讨论了使用反射嵌套模拟的铁路交通模拟器。这种模拟支持优化(决策),重点是在存在选定类型的交通问题时选择最合适的解决方案。这种方法允许在给定时刻暂停正在进行的主模拟,并通过使用支持性嵌套模拟(使用适当的前瞻性),对遇到的问题的不同可接受的解决方案变体进行评估——也就是说,执行假设分析。然后选择提供最佳预测操作结果(基于特定标准)的变体来继续暂停的主模拟。拟议的程序特别与使用专门为铁路交通模拟而开发的顺序模拟器有关。特别注意了主模拟和支持嵌套模拟的并行计算。所提出的概念适用于铁路交通建模,具有以下优点:首先,从直接监测和评价自然交通指标或适当的(多准则)函数的可行性方面,分析了现有交通状况的解变体。指标值比较从被测试的变量获得的结果。其次,支持嵌套模拟,它可能使用额外的分层嵌套,也可以包括未来发生的随机效应(如火车延误),从而使我们能够在随机条件下真实地评估未来的交通。所提出的指导方针(用于在有时间限制的应用程序项目中利用嵌套模拟)在一个模拟案例研究中进行了说明,该研究侧重于与客运火车站轨道基础设施相关的交通评估。嵌套模拟支持与站台轨道到延迟列车的动态分配相关联的决策。使用反射嵌套模拟是合适的,特别是在需要在决策问题解决方案中分析合理数量的可接受变量的情况下。这种方法特别适用于中期(战术)和长期(战略)规划的支持。由于相当高的计算和时间需求,嵌套模拟不建议用于解决短期(操作)计划/控制问题。
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引用次数: 3
Data-driven Crowd Modeling Techniques: A Survey 数据驱动的人群建模技术:调查
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1145/3481299
J. Zhong, Dongrui Li, Zhixing Huang, Chengyu Lu, Wentong Cai
Data-driven crowd modeling has now become a popular and effective approach for generating realistic crowd simulation and has been applied to a range of applications, such as anomaly detection and game design. In the past decades, a number of data-driven crowd modeling techniques have been proposed, providing many options for people to generate virtual crowd simulation. This article provides a comprehensive survey of these state-of-the-art data-driven modeling techniques. We first describe the commonly used datasets for crowd modeling. Then, we categorize and discuss the state-of-the-art data-driven crowd modeling methods. After that, data-driven crowd model validation techniques are discussed. Finally, six promising future research topics of data-driven crowd modeling are discussed.
数据驱动的人群建模现在已经成为一种流行和有效的方法来生成逼真的人群模拟,并已应用于一系列的应用,如异常检测和游戏设计。在过去的几十年里,人们提出了许多数据驱动的人群建模技术,为人们生成虚拟人群仿真提供了多种选择。本文对这些最先进的数据驱动建模技术进行了全面的概述。我们首先描述了用于人群建模的常用数据集。然后,我们对最先进的数据驱动人群建模方法进行了分类和讨论。然后,讨论了数据驱动的人群模型验证技术。最后,对数据驱动人群建模的六个研究方向进行了展望。
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引用次数: 8
A Hierarchical Decision-Making Framework in Social Networks for Efficient Disaster Management 有效灾害管理的社会网络层次决策框架
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1145/3490027
Seunghan Lee, Saurabh Jain, Y. Son
One of the major challenges faced by the current society is developing disaster management strategies to minimize the effects of catastrophic events. Disaster planning and strategy development phases of this urgency require larger amounts of cooperation among communities or individuals in society. Social networks have also been playing a crucial role in the establishment of efficient disaster management planning. This article proposes a hierarchical decision-making framework that would assist in analyzing two imperative information flow processes (innovation diffusion and opinion formation) in social networks under the consideration of community detection. The proposed framework was proven to capture the heterogeneity of individuals using cognitive behavior models and evaluate its impact on diffusion speed and opinion convergence. Moreover, the framework demonstrated the evolution of communities based on their inter-and intracommunication. The simulation results with real social network data suggest that the model can aid in establishing an efficient disaster management policy using social sensing and delivery.
当前社会面临的主要挑战之一是制定灾害管理战略,以尽量减少灾难性事件的影响。这种紧急情况的灾害规划和战略发展阶段需要社区之间或社会中的个人之间进行更多的合作。社会网络在建立有效的灾害管理规划方面也一直发挥着关键作用。本文提出了一个分层决策框架,该框架将有助于分析考虑社区检测的社会网络中两个重要的信息流过程(创新扩散和意见形成)。该框架被证明能够利用认知行为模型捕捉个体的异质性,并评估其对传播速度和意见收敛的影响。此外,该框架还展示了基于社区内部和内部交流的社区演变。基于真实社会网络数据的仿真结果表明,该模型可以帮助建立有效的社会感知和传递灾害管理政策。
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引用次数: 2
Uncertainty on Discrete-Event System Simulation 离散事件系统仿真中的不确定性
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1145/3466169
Damián Vicino, Gabriel A. Wainer, Olivier Dalle
Uncertainty Propagation methods are well-established when used in modeling and simulation formalisms like differential equations. Nevertheless, until now there are no methods for Discrete-Dynamic Systems. Uncertainty-Aware Discrete-Event System Specification (UA-DEVS) is a formalism for modeling Discrete-Event Dynamic Systems that include uncertainty quantification in messages, states, and event times. UA-DEVS models provide a theoretical framework to describe the models’ uncertainty and their properties. As UA-DEVS models can include continuous variables and non-computable functions, their simulation could be non-computable. For this reason, we also introduce Interval-Approximated Discrete-Event System Specification (IA-DEVS), a formalism that approximates UA-DEVS models using a set of order and bounding functions to obtain a computable model. The computable model approximation produces a tree of all trajectories that can be traversed from the original model and some erroneous ones introduced by the approximation process. We also introduce abstract simulation algorithms for IA-DEVS, present a case study of UA-DEVS, its IA-DEVS approximation and, its simulation results using the algorithms defined.
不确定性传播方法在微分方程等建模和仿真形式中得到了很好的应用。然而,目前还没有离散动力系统的求解方法。不确定性感知离散事件系统规范(UA-DEVS)是一种用于建模离散事件动态系统的形式化方法,该系统包括消息、状态和事件时间中的不确定性量化。UA-DEVS模型为描述模型的不确定性及其性质提供了一个理论框架。由于UA-DEVS模型可以包含连续变量和不可计算函数,因此它们的模拟可能是不可计算的。出于这个原因,我们还引入了区间近似离散事件系统规范(IA-DEVS),这是一种使用一组顺序和边界函数来近似UA-DEVS模型以获得可计算模型的形式化方法。可计算模型近似产生了一棵由原始模型和一些由近似过程引入的错误轨迹组成的所有轨迹树。我们还介绍了IA-DEVS的抽象仿真算法,给出了一个UA-DEVS的案例研究,它的IA-DEVS近似以及使用所定义的算法的仿真结果。
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引用次数: 1
Automatic Reuse, Adaption, and Execution of Simulation Experiments via Provenance Patterns 通过来源模式自动重用、适应和执行模拟实验
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.1145/3564928
Pia Wilsdorf, Anja Wolpers, Jason Hilton, Fiete Haack, A. Uhrmacher
Simulation experiments are typically conducted repeatedly during the model development process, for example, to revalidate if a behavioral property still holds after several model changes. Approaches for automatically reusing and generating simulation experiments can support modelers in conducting simulation studies in a more systematic and effective manner. They rely on explicit experiment specifications and, so far, on user interaction for initiating the reuse. Thereby, they are constrained to support the reuse of simulation experiments in a specific setting. Our approach now goes one step further by automatically identifying and adapting the experiments to be reused for a variety of scenarios. To achieve this, we exploit provenance graphs of simulation studies, which provide valuable information about the previous modeling and experimenting activities, and contain meta-information about the different entities that were used or produced during the simulation study. We define provenance patterns and associate them with a semantics, which allows us to interpret the different activities and construct transformation rules for provenance graphs. Our approach is implemented in a Reuse and Adapt framework for Simulation Experiments (RASE), which can interface with various modeling and simulation tools. In the case studies, we demonstrate the utility of our framework for (1) the repeated sensitivity analysis of an agent-based model of migration routes and (2) the cross-validation of two models of a cell signaling pathway.
模拟实验通常在模型开发过程中重复进行,例如,在多次模型更改后重新验证行为属性是否仍然保持不变。自动重用和生成仿真实验的方法可以支持建模者以更系统和有效的方式进行仿真研究。它们依赖于明确的实验规范,到目前为止,依赖于用户交互来启动重用。因此,它们受到约束,以支持在特定设置中的模拟实验的重用。现在,我们的方法更进一步,自动识别和调整实验,以便在各种场景中重用。为了实现这一点,我们利用了模拟研究的起源图,它提供了关于先前建模和实验活动的有价值的信息,并包含了关于模拟研究期间使用或产生的不同实体的元信息。我们定义起源模式,并将它们与语义相关联,这允许我们解释不同的活动,并为起源图构建转换规则。我们的方法是在仿真实验的重用和适应框架(RASE)中实现的,该框架可以与各种建模和仿真工具接口。在案例研究中,我们展示了我们的框架的实用性:(1)基于代理的迁移路径模型的重复敏感性分析和(2)细胞信号通路的两个模型的交叉验证。
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引用次数: 4
Parametric Scenario Optimization under Limited Data: A Distributionally Robust Optimization View 有限数据下的参数化场景优化:一种分布鲁棒优化观点
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.1145/3410152
LamHenry, LiFengpei
We consider optimization problems with uncertain constraints that need to be satisfied probabilistically. When data are available, a common method to obtain feasible solutions for such problems is ...
我们考虑具有不确定约束的优化问题,这些问题需要在概率上得到满足。当数据可用时,获得此类问题可行解决方案的常用方法是……
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge Discovery in Simulation Data 仿真数据中的知识发现
IF 0.9 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.1145/3391299
FeldkampNiclas, BergmannSoeren, StrassburgerSteffen
This article provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of our work on knowledge discovery in simulations. Application-wise, we focus on manufacturing simulations. Specifically, we propose and ...
这篇文章提供了一个全面和深入的概述,我们的工作在模拟知识发现。应用方面,我们专注于制造模拟。具体来说,我们建议……
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引用次数: 14
期刊
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation
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