Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405565
Xinli Lu, Yingying Wang, Lin Ma, Meng Liu, Yan Li, N. An, Xinyu Zhang, Xiangyun Tang, Qi Li
Homosexual transmission has contributed greatly to the current HIV-1 epidemic in Hebei province, China. Dolutegravir (DTG) will be conditionally used as a component of free antiretroviral therapy (ART) according to manual for national free anti-AIDS treatment drugs (2023 edition) issued by China in June 2023. However, current genetic characteristics and pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to proteinase inhibitors (PIs), reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) of HIV-1 in this population have remained unclear.Serial consecutive cross-sectional analyses for HIV- 1 infection trend, genetic characteristics, PDR and molecular transmission networks were conducted from 2018 to 2022. All of participants were HIV-1- infected MSM newly diagnosed at the HIV surveillance points (HSPs) in Hebei, China. Evidence of PDR was confirmed using the world health organization (WHO) list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations.In this study, a total of 14 HIV-1 subtypes were circulating in the HSPs of Hebei province, China. CRF01_ AE (51.9%, 350/675), CRF07_BC (30.4%, 205/675), B (6.2%, 42/675) and URFs (5.8%, 39/675) were the four most predominant subtypes among MSM. And, CRF07_BC (r > 0) and URFs (r > 0) indicated an increasing trend, respectively; however, CRF01_AE (r < 0) showed a decline trend. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 PDR showed a substantial increase from 6.3% in 2018 to 7.9% in 2022. The prevalence of NNRTI-PDR was the highest (5.8%, 39/675), followed by INSTIs (2.4%, 16/675), NRTIs (0.6%, 4/675) and PIs (0.3%, 2/675). Furthermore, extensive HIV-1 strains bearing PDR were circulating in the MSM population via molecular transmission networks for major HIV-1 subtypes, especially CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC.Our findings reflect that HIV-1 epidemic in the MSM population is complex and severe in Hebei, China. Therefore, it is urgent for us to implement more effective intervention measures to limit the further dissemination of HIV-1, especially the spread of HIV-1 INSTI-PDR strains.
{"title":"Epidemic trend, genetic characteristics, and transmission networks of HIV-1 among treatment-naive men who have sex with men in Hebei province, China","authors":"Xinli Lu, Yingying Wang, Lin Ma, Meng Liu, Yan Li, N. An, Xinyu Zhang, Xiangyun Tang, Qi Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405565","url":null,"abstract":"Homosexual transmission has contributed greatly to the current HIV-1 epidemic in Hebei province, China. Dolutegravir (DTG) will be conditionally used as a component of free antiretroviral therapy (ART) according to manual for national free anti-AIDS treatment drugs (2023 edition) issued by China in June 2023. However, current genetic characteristics and pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to proteinase inhibitors (PIs), reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) of HIV-1 in this population have remained unclear.Serial consecutive cross-sectional analyses for HIV- 1 infection trend, genetic characteristics, PDR and molecular transmission networks were conducted from 2018 to 2022. All of participants were HIV-1- infected MSM newly diagnosed at the HIV surveillance points (HSPs) in Hebei, China. Evidence of PDR was confirmed using the world health organization (WHO) list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations.In this study, a total of 14 HIV-1 subtypes were circulating in the HSPs of Hebei province, China. CRF01_ AE (51.9%, 350/675), CRF07_BC (30.4%, 205/675), B (6.2%, 42/675) and URFs (5.8%, 39/675) were the four most predominant subtypes among MSM. And, CRF07_BC (r > 0) and URFs (r > 0) indicated an increasing trend, respectively; however, CRF01_AE (r < 0) showed a decline trend. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 PDR showed a substantial increase from 6.3% in 2018 to 7.9% in 2022. The prevalence of NNRTI-PDR was the highest (5.8%, 39/675), followed by INSTIs (2.4%, 16/675), NRTIs (0.6%, 4/675) and PIs (0.3%, 2/675). Furthermore, extensive HIV-1 strains bearing PDR were circulating in the MSM population via molecular transmission networks for major HIV-1 subtypes, especially CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC.Our findings reflect that HIV-1 epidemic in the MSM population is complex and severe in Hebei, China. Therefore, it is urgent for us to implement more effective intervention measures to limit the further dissemination of HIV-1, especially the spread of HIV-1 INSTI-PDR strains.","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1417014
Bin Diao, Zhixiang Xu, Min Liu, Guolin Zhang, Guangyuan Wang, Yinghao Zhang, Xuemei Tian
Germplasm resources of edible mushrooms are essential for the breeding of varieties with improved traits. Analysis of the genetic diversity of Grifola frondosa germplasm resources and clarification of the genetic relationships among strains can provide valuable information for the selection of breeding parents. A total of 829,488 high-quality SNP loci were screened from 2,125,382 SNPs obtained by sequencing 60 G. frondose. Phylogenetic analysis, PCA, and population structure analysis based on the high-quality SNPs showed that the 60 strains could be divided into five subgroups, and the clustering results were consistent with the geographical distributions of these strains. Based on high-quality SNP loci, a core collection containing 18 representative germplasm resources was constructed, and 1,473 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR markers were obtained. A total of 722 SNP markers in the exonic regions were screened using KASP-genotyping experiments, and 50 candidate SNP markers and 12 core SNP markers were obtained. Genetic fingerprints of G. frondosa germplasm resources were constructed based on the selected SNP markers; these fingerprints provide an accurate, rapid, convenient, and efficient method for the identification of G. frondosa germplasm resources. The results of this study have important implications for the preservation and utilization of G. frondosa germplasm resources and the identification of varieties.
食用菌种质资源对于培育具有改良性状的品种至关重要。分析双孢蘑菇种质资源的遗传多样性和阐明菌株间的遗传关系可为育种亲本的选择提供有价值的信息。通过对 60 份 G. frondose 的 2,125,382 个 SNPs 进行测序，共筛选出 829,488 个高质量 SNP 位点。基于高质量 SNP 的系统发育分析、PCA 和种群结构分析表明，60 个品系可分为 5 个亚群，聚类结果与这些品系的地理分布一致。基于高质量 SNP 位点，构建了包含 18 个代表性种质资源的核心收集，并获得了 1,473 个竞争性等位基因特异性 PCR 标记。利用 KASP 基因分型实验筛选了外显子区共 722 个 SNP 标记，获得了 50 个候选 SNP 标记和 12 个核心 SNP 标记。根据筛选出的 SNP 标记构建了 G. frondosa 种质资源的遗传指纹图谱；这些指纹图谱为 G. frondosa 种质资源的鉴定提供了准确、快速、便捷和高效的方法。该研究结果对保护和利用洋二仙草种质资源以及品种鉴定具有重要意义。
{"title":"Establishment and application of a SNP molecular identification system in Grifola frondosa","authors":"Bin Diao, Zhixiang Xu, Min Liu, Guolin Zhang, Guangyuan Wang, Yinghao Zhang, Xuemei Tian","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1417014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1417014","url":null,"abstract":"Germplasm resources of edible mushrooms are essential for the breeding of varieties with improved traits. Analysis of the genetic diversity of Grifola frondosa germplasm resources and clarification of the genetic relationships among strains can provide valuable information for the selection of breeding parents. A total of 829,488 high-quality SNP loci were screened from 2,125,382 SNPs obtained by sequencing 60 G. frondose. Phylogenetic analysis, PCA, and population structure analysis based on the high-quality SNPs showed that the 60 strains could be divided into five subgroups, and the clustering results were consistent with the geographical distributions of these strains. Based on high-quality SNP loci, a core collection containing 18 representative germplasm resources was constructed, and 1,473 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR markers were obtained. A total of 722 SNP markers in the exonic regions were screened using KASP-genotyping experiments, and 50 candidate SNP markers and 12 core SNP markers were obtained. Genetic fingerprints of G. frondosa germplasm resources were constructed based on the selected SNP markers; these fingerprints provide an accurate, rapid, convenient, and efficient method for the identification of G. frondosa germplasm resources. The results of this study have important implications for the preservation and utilization of G. frondosa germplasm resources and the identification of varieties.","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effects of licorice processing of different Evodiae Fructus (EF) specifications on liver inflammation and oxidative stress associated with the intestinal mucosal microbiota.The 25 Kunming mice were divided into control (MCN), raw small-flowered Evodiae Fructus (MRSEF), raw medium-flowered EF (MRMEF), licorice-processed small-flowered EF (MLSEF), and licorice-processed medium-flowered EF (MLSEF) groups. The EF intervention groups were given different specifications of EF extract solutions by gavage. After 21 days, indices of liver inflammation and oxidative stress and intestinal mucosal microbiota were measured in mice.Compared with the MCN, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly increased in the MRMEF. Although the trends of oxidative stress and inflammatory indexes in the MLSEF and MLMEF were consistent with those in the raw EF groups, the changes were smaller than those in the raw EF groups. Compared to the raw EF groups, the MLSEF and MLMEF showed closer approximations of metabolic function to the MCN. The abundance of Corynebacterium in MRMEF was significantly lower than that in the MCN, and it was not significantly different from the MCN after licorice processing. The probiotic Candidatus Arthromitus was enriched in the MLSEF. The probiotic Lactobacillus was enriched in the MLMEF. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between IL-1β, some metabolic functions and Corynebacterium.The effects of medium-flowered EF on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in the liver of mice were stronger than those of small-flowered EF. The licorice processing can reduce this difference by modulating the abundance of Corynebacterium and intestinal mucosal metabolic function.
本研究旨在探讨不同规格的甘草加工对肝脏炎症和氧化应激以及肠道粘膜微生物群的影响。25只昆明小鼠被分为对照组（MCN）、生小花枇杷叶组（MRSEF）、生中花枇杷叶组（MRMEF）、甘草加工小花枇杷叶组（MLSEF）和甘草加工中花枇杷叶组（MLSEF）。EF干预组通过灌胃给予不同规格的EF提取物溶液。21天后，测量了小鼠肝脏炎症和氧化应激指数以及肠道粘膜微生物群。与MCN相比，MRMEF组的丙二醛（MDA）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平显著升高。虽然MLSEF和MLMEF中氧化应激和炎症指标的变化趋势与原始EF组一致，但变化幅度小于原始EF组。与原始 EF 组相比，MLSEF 和 MLMEF 的代谢功能更接近 MCN。MRMEF中的棒状杆菌丰度明显低于MCN，甘草加工后与MCN无明显差异。MLSEF中富含益生菌节杆菌。益生菌乳酸杆菌在MLMEF中富集。相关性分析表明，IL-1β、某些代谢功能与科里纳菌之间存在明显的负相关。甘草加工可以通过调节伞菌的数量和肠粘膜代谢功能来减少这种差异。
{"title":"Licorice processing involving functions of Evodiae Fructus on liver inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with intestinal mucosal microbiota","authors":"Xuejuan Liang, Qixue Tian, Linglong Chen, Yanbing Zhang, Yanmei Peng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1439204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1439204","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effects of licorice processing of different Evodiae Fructus (EF) specifications on liver inflammation and oxidative stress associated with the intestinal mucosal microbiota.The 25 Kunming mice were divided into control (MCN), raw small-flowered Evodiae Fructus (MRSEF), raw medium-flowered EF (MRMEF), licorice-processed small-flowered EF (MLSEF), and licorice-processed medium-flowered EF (MLSEF) groups. The EF intervention groups were given different specifications of EF extract solutions by gavage. After 21 days, indices of liver inflammation and oxidative stress and intestinal mucosal microbiota were measured in mice.Compared with the MCN, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly increased in the MRMEF. Although the trends of oxidative stress and inflammatory indexes in the MLSEF and MLMEF were consistent with those in the raw EF groups, the changes were smaller than those in the raw EF groups. Compared to the raw EF groups, the MLSEF and MLMEF showed closer approximations of metabolic function to the MCN. The abundance of Corynebacterium in MRMEF was significantly lower than that in the MCN, and it was not significantly different from the MCN after licorice processing. The probiotic Candidatus Arthromitus was enriched in the MLSEF. The probiotic Lactobacillus was enriched in the MLMEF. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between IL-1β, some metabolic functions and Corynebacterium.The effects of medium-flowered EF on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in the liver of mice were stronger than those of small-flowered EF. The licorice processing can reduce this difference by modulating the abundance of Corynebacterium and intestinal mucosal metabolic function.","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440978
Mónica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga, Roberto Fattorini, S. Cesco, Y. Pii
Biofertilizers based on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are nowadays gaining increasingly attention as a modern tool for a more sustainable agriculture due to their ability in ameliorating root nutrient acquisition. For many years, most research was focused on the screening and characterization of PGPR functioning as nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) biofertilizers. However, with the increasing demand for food using far fewer chemical inputs, new investigations have been carried out to explore the potential use of such bacteria also as potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), or iron (Fe) biofertilizers. In this review, we update the use of PGPR as biofertilizers for a smarter and more sustainable crop production and deliberate the prospects of using microbiome engineering-based methods as potential tools to shed new light on the improvement of plant mineral nutrition. The current era of omics revolution has enabled the design of synthetic microbial communities (named SynComs), which are emerging as a promising tool that can allow the formulation of biofertilizers based on PGPR strains displaying multifarious and synergistic traits, thus leading to an increasingly efficient root acquisition of more than a single essential nutrient at the same time. Additionally, host-mediated microbiome engineering (HMME) leverages advanced omics techniques to reintroduce alleles coding for beneficial compounds, reinforcing positive plant-microbiome interactions and creating plants capable of producing their own biofertilizers. We also discusses the current use of PGPR-based biofertilizers and point out possible avenues of research for the future development of more efficient biofertilizers for a smarter and more precise crop fertilization. Furthermore, concerns have been raised about the effectiveness of PGPR-based biofertilizers in real field conditions, as their success in controlled experiments often contrasts with inconsistent field results. This discrepancy highlights the need for standardized protocols to ensure consistent application and reliable outcomes.
{"title":"Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere for smarter and more sustainable crop fertilization: the case of PGPR-based biofertilizers","authors":"Mónica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga, Roberto Fattorini, S. Cesco, Y. Pii","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440978","url":null,"abstract":"Biofertilizers based on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are nowadays gaining increasingly attention as a modern tool for a more sustainable agriculture due to their ability in ameliorating root nutrient acquisition. For many years, most research was focused on the screening and characterization of PGPR functioning as nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) biofertilizers. However, with the increasing demand for food using far fewer chemical inputs, new investigations have been carried out to explore the potential use of such bacteria also as potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), or iron (Fe) biofertilizers. In this review, we update the use of PGPR as biofertilizers for a smarter and more sustainable crop production and deliberate the prospects of using microbiome engineering-based methods as potential tools to shed new light on the improvement of plant mineral nutrition. The current era of omics revolution has enabled the design of synthetic microbial communities (named SynComs), which are emerging as a promising tool that can allow the formulation of biofertilizers based on PGPR strains displaying multifarious and synergistic traits, thus leading to an increasingly efficient root acquisition of more than a single essential nutrient at the same time. Additionally, host-mediated microbiome engineering (HMME) leverages advanced omics techniques to reintroduce alleles coding for beneficial compounds, reinforcing positive plant-microbiome interactions and creating plants capable of producing their own biofertilizers. We also discusses the current use of PGPR-based biofertilizers and point out possible avenues of research for the future development of more efficient biofertilizers for a smarter and more precise crop fertilization. Furthermore, concerns have been raised about the effectiveness of PGPR-based biofertilizers in real field conditions, as their success in controlled experiments often contrasts with inconsistent field results. This discrepancy highlights the need for standardized protocols to ensure consistent application and reliable outcomes.","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406350
Paula Morovic, M. Gonzalez Moreno, Andrej Trampuz, S. Karbysheva
Mammalian cells produce and metabolize almost exclusively L-lactate, bacterial species have the capacity to produce both D-lactate and L-lactate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intrinsic production of D- and L-lactate in the most common pathogenic microorganisms causing septic arthritis (SA) and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of infection. Following microorganisms were grown according to ATCC culture guides and tested for production of D- and L-lactate: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Cutibacterium acnes (ATCC 11827), and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Pathogens were inoculated in 8 ml of appropriate liquid media and incubated as planktonic or biofilm form in either aerobic, anaerobic or CO2 atmosphere up to 312 h. D- and L-lactate measurements were performed at different time points: 0, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h, then once per day for slow-growing pathogens. Samples were serially diluted and plated for colony counting. Liquid culture media without microorganisms served as a negative control. Production of D-lactate was observed in all tested microorganisms, whereas no L-lactate was detected in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Maximal concentration of D-lactate was produced by S. aureus (10.99 mmol/L), followed by E. coli (1.22 mmol/L), and S. epidermidis (0.48 mmol/L). Maximal L-lactate concentration was observed in S. pyogenes (10.12 mmol/L), followed by S. aureus (9.71 mmol/L), E. faecalis (2.64 mmol/L), and S. epidermidis (2.50 mmol/L). S. epidermidis bacterial biofilm produced significantly higher amount of D- and L-lactate compared to planktonic form (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). Our study has demonstrated that the most common pathogenic microorganisms causing SA and PJI have the capability to generate measurable amounts of D-lactate in both planktonic and biofilm form, highlighting the practical value of this biomarker as an indicator for bacterial and fungal infections. In contrast to D-lactate, the absence of L-lactate production in certain tested bacteria, as well as in fungi, suggests that L-lactate is not eligible as a biomarker for diagnosing microbial infections.
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of microbial D- and L-lactate production as biomarkers of infection","authors":"Paula Morovic, M. Gonzalez Moreno, Andrej Trampuz, S. Karbysheva","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406350","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian cells produce and metabolize almost exclusively L-lactate, bacterial species have the capacity to produce both D-lactate and L-lactate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intrinsic production of D- and L-lactate in the most common pathogenic microorganisms causing septic arthritis (SA) and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of infection. Following microorganisms were grown according to ATCC culture guides and tested for production of D- and L-lactate: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Cutibacterium acnes (ATCC 11827), and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Pathogens were inoculated in 8 ml of appropriate liquid media and incubated as planktonic or biofilm form in either aerobic, anaerobic or CO2 atmosphere up to 312 h. D- and L-lactate measurements were performed at different time points: 0, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h, then once per day for slow-growing pathogens. Samples were serially diluted and plated for colony counting. Liquid culture media without microorganisms served as a negative control. Production of D-lactate was observed in all tested microorganisms, whereas no L-lactate was detected in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Maximal concentration of D-lactate was produced by S. aureus (10.99 mmol/L), followed by E. coli (1.22 mmol/L), and S. epidermidis (0.48 mmol/L). Maximal L-lactate concentration was observed in S. pyogenes (10.12 mmol/L), followed by S. aureus (9.71 mmol/L), E. faecalis (2.64 mmol/L), and S. epidermidis (2.50 mmol/L). S. epidermidis bacterial biofilm produced significantly higher amount of D- and L-lactate compared to planktonic form (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). Our study has demonstrated that the most common pathogenic microorganisms causing SA and PJI have the capability to generate measurable amounts of D-lactate in both planktonic and biofilm form, highlighting the practical value of this biomarker as an indicator for bacterial and fungal infections. In contrast to D-lactate, the absence of L-lactate production in certain tested bacteria, as well as in fungi, suggests that L-lactate is not eligible as a biomarker for diagnosing microbial infections.","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384639
R. El-Sharkawy, M. Khairy, Mohamed H. H. Abbas, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Abdalla E. El-Hadary
Toxic heavy metal pollution has been considered a major ecosystem pollution source. Unceasing or rare performance of Pb2+ to the surrounding environment causes damage to the kidney, nervous, and liver systems. Microbial remediation has acquired prominence in recent decades due to its high efficiency, environment-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness.The lead biosorption by Bacillus subtilis was optimized by two successive paradigms, namely, a definitive screening design (DSD) and an artificial neural network (ANN), to maximize the sorption process.Five physicochemical variables showed a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the Pb2+ biosorption with optimal levels of pH 6.1, temperature 30°C, glucose 1.5%, yeast extract 1.7%, and MgSO4.7H2O 0.2, resulting in a 96.12% removal rate. The Pb2+ biosorption mechanism using B. subtilis biomass was investigated by performing several analyses before and after Pb2+ biosorption. The maximum Pb2+ biosorption capacity of B. subtilis was 61.8 mg/g at a 0.3 g biosorbent dose, pH 6.0, temperature 30°C, and contact time 60 min. Langmuir’s isotherm and pseudo-second-order model with R2 of 0.991 and 0.999 were suitable for the biosorption data, predicting a monolayer adsorption and chemisorption mechanism, respectively.The outcome of the present research seems to be a first attempt to apply intelligence paradigms in the optimization of low-cost Pb2+ biosorption using B. subtilis biomass, justifying their promising application for enhancing the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions using biosorbents from contaminated aqueous systems.
{"title":"Innovative optimization for enhancing Pb2+ biosorption from aqueous solutions using Bacillus subtilis","authors":"R. El-Sharkawy, M. Khairy, Mohamed H. H. Abbas, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Abdalla E. El-Hadary","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384639","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic heavy metal pollution has been considered a major ecosystem pollution source. Unceasing or rare performance of Pb2+ to the surrounding environment causes damage to the kidney, nervous, and liver systems. Microbial remediation has acquired prominence in recent decades due to its high efficiency, environment-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness.The lead biosorption by Bacillus subtilis was optimized by two successive paradigms, namely, a definitive screening design (DSD) and an artificial neural network (ANN), to maximize the sorption process.Five physicochemical variables showed a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the Pb2+ biosorption with optimal levels of pH 6.1, temperature 30°C, glucose 1.5%, yeast extract 1.7%, and MgSO4.7H2O 0.2, resulting in a 96.12% removal rate. The Pb2+ biosorption mechanism using B. subtilis biomass was investigated by performing several analyses before and after Pb2+ biosorption. The maximum Pb2+ biosorption capacity of B. subtilis was 61.8 mg/g at a 0.3 g biosorbent dose, pH 6.0, temperature 30°C, and contact time 60 min. Langmuir’s isotherm and pseudo-second-order model with R2 of 0.991 and 0.999 were suitable for the biosorption data, predicting a monolayer adsorption and chemisorption mechanism, respectively.The outcome of the present research seems to be a first attempt to apply intelligence paradigms in the optimization of low-cost Pb2+ biosorption using B. subtilis biomass, justifying their promising application for enhancing the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions using biosorbents from contaminated aqueous systems.","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443183
Imelda Raczkiewicz, Céline Rivière, Peggy Bouquet, L. Desmarets, Audrey Tarricone, Charline Camuzet, N. François, Gabriel Lefèvre, Fabiola Silva Angulo, C. Robil, François Trottein, S. Sahpaz, Jean Dubuisson, S. Belouzard, Anne Goffard, K. Séron
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has underscored the urgent necessity for the development of antiviral compounds that can effectively target coronaviruses. In this study, we present the first evidence of the antiviral efficacy of hyperforin, a major metabolite of St. John’s wort, for which safety and bioavailability in humans have already been established.Antiviral assays were conducted in cell culture with four human coronaviruses: three of high virulence, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, and one causing mild symptoms, HCoV-229E. The antiviral activity was also evaluated in human primary airway epithelial cells. To ascertain the viral step inhibited by hyperforin, time-of-addition assays were conducted. Subsequently, a combination assay of hyperforin with remdesivir was performed.The results demonstrated that hyperforin exhibited notable antiviral activity against the four tested human coronaviruses, with IC50 values spanning from 0.24 to 2.55 µM. Kinetic studies indicated that the observed activity occur at a post-entry step, potentially during replication. The antiviral efficacy of hyperforin was additionally corroborated in human primary airway epithelial cells. The results demonstrated a reduction in both intracellular and extracellular SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, confirming that hyperforin targeted the replication step. Finally, an additive antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 was observed when hyperforin was combined with remdesivir.In conclusion, hyperforin has been identified as a novel pan-coronavirus inhibitor with activity in human primary airway epithelial cells, a preclinical model for coronaviruses. These findings collectively suggest that hyperforin has potential as a candidate antiviral agent against current and future human coronaviruses.
{"title":"Hyperforin, the major metabolite of St. John’s wort, exhibits pan-coronavirus antiviral activity","authors":"Imelda Raczkiewicz, Céline Rivière, Peggy Bouquet, L. Desmarets, Audrey Tarricone, Charline Camuzet, N. François, Gabriel Lefèvre, Fabiola Silva Angulo, C. Robil, François Trottein, S. Sahpaz, Jean Dubuisson, S. Belouzard, Anne Goffard, K. Séron","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443183","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has underscored the urgent necessity for the development of antiviral compounds that can effectively target coronaviruses. In this study, we present the first evidence of the antiviral efficacy of hyperforin, a major metabolite of St. John’s wort, for which safety and bioavailability in humans have already been established.Antiviral assays were conducted in cell culture with four human coronaviruses: three of high virulence, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, and one causing mild symptoms, HCoV-229E. The antiviral activity was also evaluated in human primary airway epithelial cells. To ascertain the viral step inhibited by hyperforin, time-of-addition assays were conducted. Subsequently, a combination assay of hyperforin with remdesivir was performed.The results demonstrated that hyperforin exhibited notable antiviral activity against the four tested human coronaviruses, with IC50 values spanning from 0.24 to 2.55 µM. Kinetic studies indicated that the observed activity occur at a post-entry step, potentially during replication. The antiviral efficacy of hyperforin was additionally corroborated in human primary airway epithelial cells. The results demonstrated a reduction in both intracellular and extracellular SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, confirming that hyperforin targeted the replication step. Finally, an additive antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 was observed when hyperforin was combined with remdesivir.In conclusion, hyperforin has been identified as a novel pan-coronavirus inhibitor with activity in human primary airway epithelial cells, a preclinical model for coronaviruses. These findings collectively suggest that hyperforin has potential as a candidate antiviral agent against current and future human coronaviruses.","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458803
Sujata Sinha, Guneet Kaur, Monika Prakash Rai
{"title":"Editorial: Natural and synthetic microbiology for the production of novel biomolecules for applications in the areas of food, fuel, farming, pharma and environment","authors":"Sujata Sinha, Guneet Kaur, Monika Prakash Rai","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1446765
Ruiyong Zhang
{"title":"Editorial: Insights in microbiological chemistry and geomicrobiology: 2022/2023","authors":"Ruiyong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1446765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1446765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451243
Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera, Paolo Zuliani, Bowen Li, Jared L. Wilmoth, Aivett Bilbao, Alice C. Dohnalkova
{"title":"Editorial: Combining machine learning, computational modeling, and high throughput experimentation to accelerate discovery in systems microbiology","authors":"Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera, Paolo Zuliani, Bowen Li, Jared L. Wilmoth, Aivett Bilbao, Alice C. Dohnalkova","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509565,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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