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Physiological, anthropometric and athletic performance adaptations from completing a 1-month pre-season period. A two-year longitudinal study in female collegiate soccer players 完成为期 1 个月的季前赛对生理、人体测量和运动表现的适应性。对大学女子足球运动员进行为期两年的纵向研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1353129
A. Perrotta, B. D. Day, C. J. Correa, Anika J. Scott, Jennifer Ramos, Elizabeth A. Gnatiuk, Darren E. R. Warburton
Collegiate coaches and integrative support staff often utilize pre-season as a brief and intense training period to prepare athletes technically, tactically, and physiologically, to meet the demands of competition during a soccer season. This study sought to examine the dose-response from performing on-field soccer activities during a four-week pre-season period in female collegiate soccer players, and if the magnitude in response was associated with accumulated exercise stress.A total of twenty-seven healthy female soccer players training as part of a collegiate soccer program volunteered to participate in this two-year longitudinal study. Data collection commenced prior to the start of each pre-season period, at the beginning of August, and was completed at the beginning of September, when pre-season ended. Data collection periods were separated by a 31-day period. Indices of cardiovascular function, anthropometry, and athletic performance were examined during each data collection period. Internal and external measures of accumulated exercise stress were recorded using the Polar Team Pro® system.When comparing the beginning to the end of pre-season, significant improvements were observed in body fat (%) [24.2 ± 6.0 “vs.” 23.3 ± 5.6, p = 0.001], heart rate variability (rMSSD) [51.8 ± 25.1 “vs.” 67.9 ± 34.6 ms, p = 0.002], resting heart (bpm) [73.8 ± 12.1 “vs.” 64.3 ± 8.8, p = 0.001] and cardiorespiratory performance (YoYo IRTL-1) [925.8 ± 272.8 “vs.” 1,062.6 ± 223.3 m, p = 0.001]. Significant reductions in musculoskeletal performance were observed through vertical jump height (cm) [24.9 ± 23.7, p = 0.04]. Change in the end of pre-season body weight (kg) was significantly associated with accumulated accelerations and decelerations [r ≥ 0.49, p = 0.01]. End of pre-season change in cardiorespiratory performance was significantly associated with both accumulated training load (au) and TRIMP (au) [r ≥ 0.63, p = 0.01].In conclusion, performing a four-week pre-season period, involving only on-field training, can promote positive and significant adaptations in anthropometry, cardiovascular function, and athletic performance measures in female collegiate soccer players. The magnitudes of these adaptations were associated with both internal and external measures of accumulated exercise stress.
大学教练和综合辅助人员经常利用季前赛作为短暂而紧张的训练期,让运动员在技术、战术和生理上做好准备,以满足足球赛季的比赛要求。本研究旨在考察大学女足球运动员在为期四周的季前赛期间进行场上足球活动的剂量反应,以及反应的大小是否与累积的运动压力有关。共有 27 名健康的女足球运动员自愿参加了这项为期两年的纵向研究,她们是大学足球项目训练的一部分。数据收集工作在每个季前赛开始前的八月初开始,到季前赛结束的九月初结束。数据收集时间间隔为 31 天。在每个数据收集期间,都会对心血管功能、人体测量和运动表现等指标进行检查。使用 Polar Team Pro® 系统记录了累积运动压力的内部和外部测量值。与季前赛开始和结束时相比,体脂(%)[24.2 ± 6.0 "vs." 23.3 ± 5.6, p = 0.001]、心率变异性(rMSSD)[51.8 ± 25.1 "vs." 67.9 ± 34.6 ms,p = 0.002]、静息心率(bpm)[73.8 ± 12.1 "vs." 64.3 ± 8.8,p = 0.001]和心肺功能(YoYo IRTL-1)[925.8 ± 272.8 "vs." 1 062.6 ± 223.3 m,p = 0.001]。通过垂直跳跃高度(厘米)[24.9 ± 23.7,p = 0.04]观察到肌肉骨骼性能显著下降。季前结束时体重(千克)的变化与累计加速度和减速度显著相关[r ≥ 0.49,p = 0.01]。总之,进行为期四周的季前赛,仅包括场上训练,可促进女大学生足球运动员在人体测量、心血管功能和运动表现方面产生积极和显著的适应性。这些适应性的大小与累积运动压力的内部和外部测量有关。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring gait velocity as a predictor of cardiometabolic disease risk in young adults 将步速作为青壮年心血管代谢疾病风险预测指标的探索
Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1365717
Tanner Thorsen, Nuno Oliveira, Austin Graybeal, Jon Stavres
The association between poor gait and functional movement ability and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been well established in older adults. A continuous cardiometabolic risk score, MetSindex, may more easily identify individuals at risk for cardiometabolic disease who do not yet meet the stringent criteria for a formal MetS diagnosis. Although the association between MetS and gait velocity is well established in older adults, no such relationship has been identified in younger adults; a group experiencing a rapid increase in the development of MetS.MetSindex was determined for 21 young adults using standard procedures. Gait velocity was measured as participants completed a ten-meter walk test. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait were also derived using a motion capture system. Simple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between MetSindex and gait velocity, as well as MetSindex and spatiotemporal parameters of gait.There was a large inverse relationship between MetSindex and gait velocity. A large inverse relationship was also observed between MetSindex and cadence, and a large positive relationship was observed between stance time and double limb support time.Gait velocity slows in young adults who do not necessarily meet the criterion for positive diagnosis of MetS—but demonstrate an increased risk for MetS and cardiovascular disease through higher MetSindex scores. The mechanism underlying reduced gait velocity may be fewer, but not shorter steps. Determining easy-to-use surrogates of MetS (e.g., gait velocity) may help combat the growing prevalence of MetS by increasing access to preventative approaches.
在老年人中,步态和功能运动能力差与代谢综合征(MetS)之间的关系已经得到证实。连续性的心脏代谢风险评分--MetSindex--可以更容易地识别那些尚未达到正式 MetS 诊断严格标准的心脏代谢疾病高危人群。虽然 MetS 与步速之间的关系已在老年人中得到证实,但在年轻人中还没有发现这种关系;年轻人是 MetS 发展迅速的一个群体。在参与者完成十米步行测试时测量步速。步态的时空参数也是通过运动捕捉系统得出的。采用简单线性回归法确定 MetSindex 与步速之间的关系,以及 MetSindex 与步态时空参数之间的关系。MetSindex与步速之间也存在很大的反向关系,而站立时间与双肢支撑时间之间则存在很大的正向关系。步速减慢的年轻人不一定符合MetS阳性诊断的标准,但通过较高的MetSindex评分,他们罹患MetS和心血管疾病的风险会增加。步速降低的机制可能是步数减少,而非步幅缩短。确定 MetS 的易用替代指标(如步速)有助于通过增加预防方法的使用来应对 MetS 发病率的增长。
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引用次数: 0
Generalization in de novo learning of virtual upper limb movements is influenced by motor exploration 虚拟上肢动作从头学习的泛化受运动探索的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1370621
Tomoya Kawano, M. Kouzaki, Shota Hagio
The acquisition of new motor skills from scratch, also known as de novo learning, is an essential aspect of motor development. In de novo learning, the ability to generalize skills acquired under one condition to others is crucial because of the inherently limited range of motor experiences available for learning. However, the presence of generalization in de novo learning and its influencing factors remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the generalization of de novo motor learning by examining the motor exploration process, which is the accumulation of motor experiences. To this end, we manipulated the exploration process during practice by changing the target shape using either a small circular target or a bar-shaped target. Our findings demonstrated that the amount of learning during practice was generalized across different conditions. Furthermore, the extent of generalization is influenced by movement variability in the control space, which is irrelevant to the task, rather than the target shapes themselves. These results confirmed the occurrence of generalization in de novo learning and suggest that the exploration process within the control space plays a significant role in facilitating this generalization.
从零开始学习新的运动技能,也称为从头开始学习,是运动发育的一个重要方面。在从头开始学习的过程中,由于可用于学习的运动经验本身范围有限,因此将在一种条件下获得的技能推广到其他条件下的能力至关重要。然而,新生学习中是否存在泛化现象及其影响因素仍不清楚。本研究旨在通过研究运动探索过程(即运动经验的积累)来阐明新生运动学习的泛化。为此,我们在练习过程中通过改变小圆形目标或条形目标的形状来操纵探索过程。我们的研究结果表明,练习过程中的学习量在不同条件下具有普遍性。此外,泛化的程度受控制空间中与任务无关的运动变化的影响,而不是受目标形状本身的影响。这些结果证实了新学习中泛化的发生,并表明控制空间内的探索过程在促进这种泛化中发挥了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Injury prevalence and associated factors among Japanese lacrosse collegiate athletes 日本长曲棍球大学生运动员的受伤率及相关因素
Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1360639
Takeshi Kimura, Aleksandra K. Mącznik, Akira Kinoda, Yuichi Yamada, Yuki Muramoto, Yoshinori Katsumata, Kazuki Sato
Sports injuries have a substantial impact on athletes' performance and health. To reduce the risk of an injury occurring, the prevalence, localization, and severity need to be established.To examine the prevalence of sports injuries in collegiate lacrosse athletes.Descriptive epidemiological study using online survey design.Japanese universities associated with UNIVAS.A total of 1,689 Japanese collegiate lacrosse athletes, 978 females and 701 males.Athletes were surveyed on the injuries within the previous year, their severity, localization, and onset characteristics. The support of an athletic trainer and its association with the odds of sustaining an injury was assessed. Factors related to injuries were explored.One-year prevalence of injuries was 42%. Male sex, higher year at the university, and support from an athletic trainer were identified as factors related to higher odds of sustaining an injury and practicing at least 5 days per week was associated with lower odds of sustaining an injury.Male sex athletes, and athletes at the higher year at university are especially at risk of sustaining a lacrosse injury. The aspects of training (e.g., frequency, volume) should be investigated across the athlete development process to address these findings. Further investigation is needed to determine the extent to which the support of athletic trainers affects both the frequency and severity of injuries in lacrosse athletes.
运动损伤对运动员的表现和健康有很大影响。为了降低运动损伤发生的风险,需要确定运动损伤的发生率、部位和严重程度。研究对象为大学长曲棍球运动员,采用在线调查设计进行描述性流行病学研究。调查还评估了运动训练员的支持情况及其与受伤几率的关系。调查还探讨了与受伤有关的因素。男性运动员、大学高年级学生和运动教练的支持被认为是导致受伤几率增加的相关因素,而每周至少练习 5 天则与受伤几率降低有关。针对这些发现,应在运动员的整个成长过程中对训练的各个方面(如频率、训练量)进行调查。还需要进一步调查,以确定运动训练员的支持在多大程度上影响长曲棍球运动员受伤的频率和严重程度。
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引用次数: 0
Bandage contact lens for in-game corneal abrasion can allow immediate return to play 绷带式隐形眼镜治疗比赛中的角膜擦伤,可使患者立即重返赛场
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1351906
Rohan Kubba, Ganesha R. Kandavel, Joshua Scott, Cesar Roldan, Hayden Jackson
While the prevailing treatment for corneal abrasions outside the athletic sphere is the application of a bandage contact lens (BCL), which lessens pain and allows for the maintenance of binocular vision, this is not the case during athletic play. This brief report highlights the advantage of BCLs in treating in-game corneal abrasions, ultimately allowing for an immediate return to play. Additionally, this report summarizes the mechanisms of bandage contact lenses, differentiates them from standard hydrogel contact lenses, and highlights the significant steps necessary to apply the bandage contact lens during an in-game corneal abrasion event. Overall, we link modern ophthalmology clinical practice and sports medicine, allowing for the attenuation of acutely-induced ocular pain to a manageable state.
虽然在运动场外治疗角膜擦伤的主流方法是使用绷带接触镜(BCL),这种方法可以减轻疼痛并保持双眼视力,但在运动比赛中并非如此。本简短报告强调了绷带式角膜接触镜在治疗比赛中角膜擦伤方面的优势,最终使患者能够立即重返赛场。此外,本报告还总结了绷带式角膜接触镜的机制,将其与标准水凝胶接触镜区分开来,并强调了在比赛中角膜擦伤事件中应用绷带式角膜接触镜的重要步骤。总之,我们将现代眼科临床实践与运动医学联系起来,使急性眼痛减轻到可控状态。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in roller skiing economy among Nordic combined athletes leading up to the competition season 北欧两项全能运动员在赛季前滚轴滑雪经济性的变化
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1320698
Takuya Yanaka, Mariko Nakamura, Kaoru Yamanobe, Yusuke Ishige
The purpose of this study was to compare roller skiing economy during different training phases in Nordic combined (NC) athletes and determine the aerobic and anaerobic factors responsible for changes in skiing economy. Seven elite NC athletes underwent incremental load tests on a large buried treadmill in both spring and autumn using roller skis. Measurements included oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate concentration. Roller skiing economy was calculated from aerobic and anaerobic energy system contributions, and overall roller skiing economy was determined by combining the two. Comparisons were made between the skiing economies obtained in the two measurement sessions. Physical characteristics and incremental test performance remained consistent between the two measurement sessions. The overall skiing economy at each speed significantly improved toward the competition season (p < 0.05). Similarly, the contribution of anaerobic energy system at each speed showed significant improvement (p < 0.05). In contrast, the contribution of aerobic energy system did not change between the two measurement sessions. This study reveals that NC athletes enhance their skiing economy at the same speed during submaximal efforts in preparation for the competition season. This improvement is predominantly associated with an improvement in the contribution of anaerobic energy system.
本研究旨在比较北欧两项全能运动(NC)运动员在不同训练阶段滚轴滑雪的经济性,并确定导致滑雪经济性变化的有氧和无氧因素。七名北欧两项全能精英运动员在春季和秋季使用滚轴滑雪板在大型埋入式跑步机上进行了增量负荷测试。测量项目包括摄氧量、呼吸交换比和血液乳酸浓度。滚轴滑雪经济性是根据有氧和无氧能量系统的贡献计算得出的,而滚轴滑雪的总体经济性则是将两者结合起来得出的。对两次测量中获得的滑雪经济性进行了比较。两次测量的身体特征和增量测试成绩保持一致。每种速度下的总体滑雪经济性在比赛季节都有显著提高(p < 0.05)。同样,无氧能量系统在各速度下的贡献率也有明显提高(p < 0.05)。相比之下,有氧能量系统的贡献在两次测量之间没有变化。这项研究表明,NC 运动员在为赛季做准备的过程中,在相同速度下的次最大努力中提高了滑雪经济性。这种提高主要与无氧能量系统贡献率的提高有关。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking the MBA through Hip Hop innovation and Hip Hop innovators: Fat Joe and DJ Khaled pair with two sport × entertainment faculty 通过嘻哈创新和嘻哈创新者重新思考 MBA:Fat Joe 和 DJ Khaled 与两位体育×娱乐学院教师结成对子
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1226233
C. K. Harrison, Reggie Saunders, Whitney Griffin, Scott J. Bukstein, Jeffrey Porter, Brandon Martin
Theory without relevance for practice in a professional graduate degree has been critiqued by some scholars as a deficit approach when preparing MBA students for the workforce. Scholars and practitioners alike call for more pedagogy in the curriculum with a focus on innovation, creativity, and the involvement of industry practitioners. This paper serves as a case study of a moment in time on Monday, 14 June 2021, when the concept of “pracademics” was realized between two artists and two faculty. Following the transcription of the dialogue between two guest speakers from the Hip Hop world (i.e., Fat Joe and DJ Khaled) and two faculty from the sport management MBA program, the paper analyzes the deeper meaning of their intellectual presence with their expertise in the business of culture (i.e., Hip Hop). Findings reveal how the pairing of Hip Hop artists and faculty in an MBA program can address the innovation gap within global business curricula and models. The broader umbrella of pedagogy and application has implications for other academic disciplines to embrace this concept of pairing academics and industry practitioners.
一些学者批评专业研究生学位的理论与实践脱节,认为这是培养 MBA 学生就业的不足之处。学者和从业人员都呼吁在课程中增加教学法,注重创新、创造力和行业从业人员的参与。2021 年 6 月 14 日星期一,两位艺术家和两位教师共同实现了 "实践学者 "的概念,本文就是对这一时刻的案例研究。本文记录了来自嘻哈界的两位演讲嘉宾(即 Fat Joe 和 DJ Khaled)与体育管理 MBA 课程的两位教师之间的对话,分析了他们在文化(即嘻哈)商业领域的专业知识与知识存在的深层含义。研究结果揭示了嘻哈歌手与 MBA 课程教师的搭配如何解决全球商业课程和模式中的创新差距。更广泛的教学法和应用对其他学科接受这种学者与行业从业者配对的概念具有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking the MBA through Hip Hop innovation and Hip Hop innovators: Fat Joe and DJ Khaled pair with two sport × entertainment faculty 通过嘻哈创新和嘻哈创新者重新思考 MBA:Fat Joe 和 DJ Khaled 与两位体育×娱乐学院教师结成对子
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1226233
C. K. Harrison, Reggie Saunders, Whitney Griffin, Scott J. Bukstein, Jeffrey Porter, Brandon Martin
Theory without relevance for practice in a professional graduate degree has been critiqued by some scholars as a deficit approach when preparing MBA students for the workforce. Scholars and practitioners alike call for more pedagogy in the curriculum with a focus on innovation, creativity, and the involvement of industry practitioners. This paper serves as a case study of a moment in time on Monday, 14 June 2021, when the concept of “pracademics” was realized between two artists and two faculty. Following the transcription of the dialogue between two guest speakers from the Hip Hop world (i.e., Fat Joe and DJ Khaled) and two faculty from the sport management MBA program, the paper analyzes the deeper meaning of their intellectual presence with their expertise in the business of culture (i.e., Hip Hop). Findings reveal how the pairing of Hip Hop artists and faculty in an MBA program can address the innovation gap within global business curricula and models. The broader umbrella of pedagogy and application has implications for other academic disciplines to embrace this concept of pairing academics and industry practitioners.
一些学者批评专业研究生学位的理论与实践脱节,认为这是培养 MBA 学生就业的不足之处。学者和从业人员都呼吁在课程中增加教学法,注重创新、创造力和行业从业人员的参与。2021 年 6 月 14 日星期一,两位艺术家和两位教师共同实现了 "实践学者 "的概念,本文就是对这一时刻的案例研究。本文记录了来自嘻哈界的两位演讲嘉宾(即 Fat Joe 和 DJ Khaled)与体育管理 MBA 课程的两位教师之间的对话,分析了他们在文化(即嘻哈)商业领域的专业知识与知识存在的深层含义。研究结果揭示了嘻哈歌手与 MBA 课程教师的搭配如何解决全球商业课程和模式中的创新差距。更广泛的教学法和应用对其他学科接受这种学者与行业从业者配对的概念具有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Bat-and-ball sports: culture and society 社论:球类运动:文化与社会
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1381076
Rogelio Puente-Díaz, Borja García-García
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引用次数: 0
Motor learning in golf—a systematic review 高尔夫运动学习--系统回顾
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1324615
Philipp Barzyk, Markus Gruber
Golf is a sport that consists of complex movement skills that need to be executed with utmost precision. Consequently, motor skill learning plays a crucial role in golf, and large numbers of studies address various methods of motor learning. In the present review, we give a systematic overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on motor learning of golf-specific motor skills. Three electronic databases were searched for RCTs looking at the effect of at least one learning method on performance in a golf-specific motor task. We grouped the studies depending on the learning strategies “cognitive training”, “practice scheduling”, “augmented feedback”, “implicit and explicit learning” and “focus of attention”. Fifty-two RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Superior methods within their respective strategies were an external focus of attention and increasing contextual interference, as well as errorless learning. For “cognitive training” and “augmented feedback”, no single method can be considered the most favorable. The overall biggest limitations were the lack of statistical power for more than half of the RCTs, and the fact that most studies of the present review investigated simple putting tasks in novices only. Although we have shown superiority of specific learning methods, transferability of the recommendations that can be derived from simple golf tasks in novices to sport-specific tasks in advanced players still has to be demonstrated and require study designs with the intention to provide practical recommendations for coaches and athletes in the sport of golf.
高尔夫是一项由复杂动作技能组成的运动,需要极其精确地执行。因此,运动技能学习在高尔夫运动中起着至关重要的作用,大量研究都涉及到各种运动学习方法。在本综述中,我们对有关高尔夫运动技能学习的随机对照试验(RCT)进行了系统性概述。我们在三个电子数据库中搜索了有关至少一种学习方法对高尔夫专项运动任务成绩影响的 RCT 研究。我们根据 "认知训练"、"练习安排"、"增强反馈"、"内隐和外显学习 "以及 "注意力集中 "等学习策略对研究进行了分组。有 52 项研究符合资格标准,并被纳入系统性综述。其各自策略中的优势方法是外部注意力集中、增加情境干扰以及无差错学习。对于 "认知训练 "和 "增强反馈",没有一种方法可以被认为是最有效的。总体而言,最大的局限性在于半数以上的研究性实验缺乏统计能力,而且本综述中的大多数研究仅调查了新手的简单投放任务。虽然我们已经证明了特定学习方法的优越性,但从新手的简单高尔夫任务中得出的建议是否可以转移到高级运动员的特定运动任务中,仍有待证明,并且需要进行研究设计,以便为高尔夫运动的教练员和运动员提供实用的建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
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