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To Speak with the Other—To Let the Other Speak: Paul Celan’s Poetry and the Hermeneutical Challenge of Mitsprechen 与他人对话--让他人说话:保罗-策兰的诗歌与 Mitsprechen 的诠释学挑战
Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.3390/h13030066
Alexandra Richter
This essay explores the notion of Mitsprechen or “with-speaking” in Paul Celan’s poetry. “With-speaking” supposes that voices in the poems actively participate and engage in a dialogue that goes beyond traditional hermeneutic frameworks. Celan’s notion of col-loquy, distinct from the conventional sense of dialogue, challenges the separation between author and interpreter, rendering the traditional concept of intertextuality inadequate. The poems, according to Celan, give voice to human destinies, making texts audible as the voices of others. This vocal dimension of Celan’s poetry has prompted extensive discussion among philosophers, particularly in France. Levinas, Blanchot, and Derrida, influenced by German phenomenology and hermeneutics, critically examine the ethical implications of speaking “about” the other. They challenge traditional hermeneutical practices, emphasizing the responsibility of interpreters to respect the unique and untranslatable character of individual voices. This critique extends to Protestant categories of interpretation, drawing on alternative Jewish perspectives on being-in-the-world and alterity. The text explores the tensions inherent in speaking “for” or “in the name of” others, especially in the context of interpreting Celan’s work, raising questions about maintaining the fundamental difference and distance that otherness implies. The discussion concludes by highlighting Werner Hamacher’s formulation of a new philology that disrupts hermeneutical violence, influenced by the critiques of Blanchot, Levinas, and Derrida, and offering an alternative way of addressing the particular challenges posed by Celan’s poetry.
这篇文章探讨了保罗-策兰诗歌中的 Mitsprechen 或 "一起说 "的概念。"与-说 "假定诗歌中的声音积极参与和进行超越传统诠释学框架的对话。策兰的 "对话"(col-loquy)概念有别于传统意义上的对话,它挑战了作者与解释者之间的分离,使传统的互文性概念变得不充分。策兰认为,诗歌为人类命运发声,使文本成为他人的声音。策兰诗歌的这种声音维度引起了哲学家们的广泛讨论,尤其是在法国。勒维纳斯、布兰肖和德里达受德国现象学和诠释学的影响,批判性地审视了 "谈论 "他人的伦理意义。他们挑战传统的诠释学实践,强调诠释者有责任尊重个体声音的独特性和不可翻译性。这种批判延伸到了新教的诠释范畴,并借鉴了犹太人关于 "存在于世界中 "和 "改变性 "的另类观点。文章探讨了 "为 "或 "以 "他人的名义说话所固有的紧张关系,尤其是在阐释策兰作品的背景下,提出了关于保持他者性所暗示的根本差异和距离的问题。讨论最后强调了维尔纳-哈马赫受布朗肖、列维纳斯和德里达批评的影响,提出了一种破坏解释学暴力的新语言学,为解决策兰诗歌提出的特殊挑战提供了另一种方法。
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引用次数: 0
“Damn the Empire!”: Imperial Excess, National Nostalgia, and Metaphysical Modernism in the Poetics of Parade’s End "帝国该死!":阅兵结束》诗学中的帝国过度、民族怀旧和形而上现代主义
Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.3390/h13020065
Molly Elizabeth Porter
Ford Madox Ford famously intended his First World War tetralogy Parade’s End to have “for its purpose the obviating of all future wars”. But why do we engage in war to begin with? Modernist literature provides some provocative explanations. Ford’s Sylvia Tietjens, for example, proclaims that “You went to war when you desired to rape innumerable women. It was what war was for”. And in the very same year, Virginia Woolf’s shell-shocked Septimus Smith “went to France to save an England which consisted almost entirely of Shakespeare…” I argue that Ford’s understanding of the causality of war involves a strange combination of these two explanations in Parade’s End’s triangulation of seventeenth-century English literary tradition along with sexual and imperial conquest. While countless modernist novels exhibit a sensibility to the power of early modern poetry amidst battle, Parade’s End displays a particularly emphatic and extended focus on the relationship between poetic tradition and war. Soldiers of various ranks “talk…in intimate undertones about the resemblances between the Petrarchan and the Shakespearean sonnet form”, host timed sonnet competitions in the trenches, recurringly quote the seduction poetry of Marvell, and fantasize about George Herbert’s lifespan being “the only satisfactory age in England…yet what chance had it today? Or, still more, to-morrow?”. To answer this question, my own transtemporal study will use early modern scholarship to investigate seventeenth-century metaphysical poetry’s dual power to inspire and potentially obviate war. Much has been written on this tetralogy’s anti-linear plot but less on the broader temporality of its politico-literary vision. I contend that the metaphysical allusions of this text help Ford to show us the complexities of nationalism in the imperial conquest and imperial damnation that (early) modern aesthetics can catalyse.
福特-马多克斯-福特(Ford Madox Ford)的第一次世界大战四部曲《游行的终点》(Parade's End)以 "避免未来所有战争 "而闻名。但我们为什么要发动战争呢?现代主义文学提供了一些具有启发性的解释。例如,福特笔下的西尔维亚-蒂特詹斯宣称:"当你想强奸无数妇女时,你就上了战场。这就是战争的目的"。而就在同一年,弗吉尼亚-伍尔夫笔下被炮火震撼的塞普蒂默斯-史密斯 "去法国拯救一个几乎完全由莎士比亚组成的英国......"。我认为,福特对战争因果关系的理解是将这两种解释奇妙地结合在一起,在《游行的终点》中将十七世纪英国文学传统与性征服和帝国征服三角化。尽管无数现代主义小说都表现出了对早期现代诗歌在战争中的力量的敏感,但《阅兵结束》对诗歌传统与战争之间的关系表现出了特别强调和延伸的关注。不同级别的士兵 "以亲密的语气谈论......彼特拉克十四行诗和莎士比亚十四行诗形式之间的相似之处",在战壕里举办计时十四行诗比赛,反复引用马维尔的诱惑诗歌,幻想乔治-赫伯特的寿命是 "英格兰唯一令人满意的时代......然而今天有什么机会呢?更何况是明天?为了回答这个问题,我自己的跨时空研究将利用早期现代学术研究来探讨十七世纪形而上学诗歌在激发战争和潜在避免战争方面的双重力量。关于这四部曲的反线性情节已有很多论述,但对其政治-文学视野的更广泛的时间性论述较少。我认为,这部作品中的形而上学典故有助于福特向我们展示(早期)现代美学所能催化的帝国征服和帝国诅咒中民族主义的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
Mordaith in Mallorca: Playing with Toy Tourism 马洛卡的莫尔戴斯玩转玩具旅游
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/h13020064
Hazel Andrews
This paper is an exploration of play in tourism. It is situated in an approach to play and toys informed by phenomenological perspectives and theoretical insights drawn from existential anthropology. It argues that tourism and play are intimately linked and outlines the ways in which connections between the two have been made. This paper focuses on a particular practice of play in travel—one that involves the use of a toy. Using the notion of ‘toy tourism’, I examine the ways in which touristic practices associated with play are brought into being in the moment of doing. The research is located in the resorts of Palmanova and Magaluf on the Mediterranean island of Mallorca. I conducted the research using a doll from the Barbie Fashionista range, who I named Mordaith. I outline how and why Mordaith became my travel companion and the experience and events associated with my time with her in the resorts. This paper recounts the story of what happened when I brought about the play of toy tourism in Mallorca. It is an experimental approach that unfolds in the writing as much as in the gathering of information during fieldwork. I argue that what play is, and what a toy is, are neither fixed nor graspable objectivities. Rather, both toy and play, and, thus, toy tourism, emerge in my embodied imaginative understanding of what touristic and toy tourism practices are, as well as the actual embodied and emotional movements of employing a toy in practice.
本文是对旅游中的游戏的探讨。它从存在人类学的现象学视角和理论见解出发,对游戏和玩具进行了研究。本文认为旅游和游戏是紧密联系在一起的,并概述了两者之间建立联系的方式。本文聚焦于旅游中的一种特殊游戏实践--涉及玩具的使用。通过 "玩具旅游 "的概念,我研究了与游戏相关的旅游实践是如何在 "做 "的过程中产生的。研究地点位于地中海马略卡岛的帕尔马诺瓦和马加鲁夫度假胜地。我使用芭比时尚达人系列中的一个玩偶进行研究,我给她取名为莫尔戴斯。我概述了莫尔戴思成为我的旅伴的过程和原因,以及我与她在度假胜地的经历和事件。本文讲述了我在马略卡岛玩玩具旅游时发生的故事。这是一种实验性的方法,在写作过程中以及在实地考察收集信息的过程中展开。我认为,游戏是什么,玩具是什么,既不是固定的,也不是可以把握的客观事物。相反,玩具和游戏,以及玩具旅游,都出现在我对旅游和玩具旅游实践的体现性想象理解中,以及在实践中使用玩具的实际体现性和情感运动中。
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引用次数: 0
Dorsal Practices—Towards a Back-Oriented Being-in-the-World 背向式实践--实现背向式的存在于世界之中
Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.3390/h13020063
Katrina Brown, E. Cocker
Dorsal Practices is a process-based, interdisciplinary artistic collaboration between choreographer Katrina Brown and writer–artist Emma Cocker. This research enquiry explores the notion of dorsality and the cultivation of a back-oriented awareness in relation to how we as sentient bodies orientate to the self, others (human, more-than-human), and interconnected world. Since 2021, Dorsal Practices has unfolded through the interrelation of three fields of experimental, embodied research practice: movement-based practices, conversation practices, and experimental reading practices. Dorsal Practices explores how the tilt or inclination towards dorsal (dis)orientation might enable new modes of thinking–perceiving and being–with, and more connected, sustainable ways of living and aliveness based on the reciprocal, entangled relationship between self/environment. We ask: How does the cultivation of a back-oriented awareness and attitude shape and inform our embodied, affective, and relational experience of being-in-the-world? Rather than a mode of withdrawal, of turning one’s back, how might a back-leaning orientation support an open, receptive ethics of relation? Central to this enquiry is an attempt to explore how different linguistic practices might be developed in fidelity to the embodied experiences of dorsality: how the experiences of listening, languaging, even thinking, might be shaped differently through this embodied tilt of awareness and attention towards the back.
背向实践 "是编舞家卡特里娜-布朗(Katrina Brown)与作家兼艺术家艾玛-考克(Emma Cocker)之间基于过程的跨学科艺术合作。这项研究探索了 "背向性 "的概念,以及培养一种背向意识,这种意识与我们作为有生命的身体如何面向自我、他人(人类、非人类)以及相互联系的世界有关。自 2021 年以来,"背向实践 "通过三个领域的实验性、体现性研究实践的相互关系展开:基于运动的实践、对话实践和实验性阅读实践。背向实践 "探索的是,背向(失)的倾斜或倾向如何能够实现新的思考-感知和存在-模式,以及基于自我/环境之间互惠、纠缠关系的更加连通、可持续的生活和生命方式。我们要问:培养面向后方的意识和态度会如何影响和启发我们在世界中的体现、情感和关系体验?与其说后退是一种退缩、背弃的模式,倒不如说后退导向如何支持一种开放的、接受性的关系伦理?这一探究的核心是试图探索不同的语言实践如何忠实于背向性的体现性体验:倾听、语言、甚至思考的体验如何通过这种意识和注意力向背部的体现性倾斜而得到不同的塑造。
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引用次数: 0
‘I Don’t Want to Be Other. I Want to Be Normal’: Mental Boundaries and the Polish Experience in the UK in Agnieszka Dale’s Fox Season and Other Short Stories 我不想成为别人。我想成为正常人":阿格尼耶斯卡-戴尔的《狐狸季节和其他短篇小说》中的心理界限和波兰人在英国的经历
Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.3390/h13020061
Isabel María Andrés-Cuevas
Borders and frontiers are often problematized in Agnieszka Dale’s Fox Season and Other Short Stories (2017), where mental borders seem to be more divisive than spatial boundaries. Many of these narratives feature Polish immigrants in Britain who struggle with their displaced condition in various ways. As some of the stories in the collection reveal, the scenario of post-Brexit Britain compromises conviviality amongst different groups, including the Polish community. Special attention is placed upon how several narratives in the volume underscore the prevalence in British society of Polish stereotypes as the crystallisation of the still widespread animosity against non-Europeans. Homi Bhabha’s notions regarding the formation and dynamics of stereotypes will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms beneath such constructions. Likewise, some of the major tenets of social theory, as well as Edward Said’s notion of ‘Orientalism’, will contribute to shedding light upon this resentment towards the Polish minority, occasionally adopted too by already established immigrants against their former compatriots. This article will ultimately intend to draw attention to the cautionary nature of Dale’s collection as a call for harmony and the appreciation of difference among nations, thus preventing the gloomy perspectives the dystopian futures of some of these stories forecast upon Europe.
在阿格尼耶斯卡-戴尔的《狐狸季节和其他短篇小说》(2017 年)中,边界和疆界常常被问题化,精神边界似乎比空间边界更具分裂性。在这些叙事中,许多故事的主人公都是在英国的波兰移民,他们以各种方式与流离失所的境遇作斗争。正如这本小说集中的一些故事所揭示的那样,英国脱欧后的情景损害了包括波兰社区在内的不同群体之间的友好关系。特别值得注意的是,书中的几篇叙事强调了波兰人的刻板印象在英国社会的普遍存在,是对非欧洲人仍然普遍存在的敌意的结晶。霍米-巴巴(Homi Bhabha)关于刻板印象的形成和动态的概念将有助于理解这种构建背后的机制。同样,社会理论的一些主要原则以及爱德华-萨义德(Edward Said)的 "东方主义"(Orientalism)概念也有助于揭示对波兰少数民族的怨恨。本文的最终目的是提请人们注意戴尔作品集的警示性质,即呼吁各民族和睦相处、欣赏差异,从而避免其中一些故事所预言的对欧洲不利的前景。
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引用次数: 0
“Until It Suddenly Isn’t”: Two Novels on Life after a Pandemic Disaster "直到它突然消失":两部关于大流行病灾难后生活的小说
Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.3390/h13020060
Åsa Nilsson Skåve
This article investigates two recent novels that deal with environmental and pandemic disasters: Severance (2018) by Ling Ma and Under the Blue (2022) by Oana Aristide. The analysis is based on ecocritical and posthumanist perspectives and on a division made by Chakrabarty (Planetary Crises and the Difficulty of Being Modern), in two different understandings of the globe: one connected to the planetary-focused discourse on global warming and the other on human-centered globalization. The clashes of these discourses are highlighted in the novels. They illustrate a process of understanding that humans are not separate from the natural world, through the disease itself and through the sudden need to survive without modern healthcare and all the comfort we are used to being able to buy. The gradual insight of the depicted characters, and perhaps also the readers of the novels, is that we live on a planet of extreme complexity and interdependence.
本文研究了近期两部涉及环境和大流行病灾难的小说:Severance》(2018年),作者马玲;《Under the Blue》(2022年),作者Oana Aristide。分析基于生态批评和后人文主义的视角,以及查克拉巴蒂(《行星危机与现代人的困境》)对全球两种不同理解的划分:一种是以行星为中心的全球变暖话语,另一种是以人为中心的全球化话语。这些论述的冲突在小说中得到了凸显。它们通过疾病本身,通过在没有现代医疗保健和我们习惯于购买的所有舒适生活的情况下突然需要生存,说明了人类与自然世界并不分离的认识过程。小说中的人物,或许也包括读者,逐渐认识到我们生活在一个极其复杂和相互依存的星球上。
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引用次数: 0
Dante’s Political Eschatology: Resurrecting the Social Body in Paradiso 14 但丁的政治末世论:但丁的政治末世论:在《天堂》中复活社会身体 14
Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.3390/h13020059
Filippo Gianferrari
This article investigates Dante’s engagement with one of the key and most controversial academic questions of the late Middle Ages: the beatific vision after the general resurrection. This essay focuses on Paradiso 14, where the character of King Solomon explains that the souls’ vision of God will increase after reuniting with their resurrected bodies. After briefly reconstructing the theological debate engaged by Dante’s treatment of the general resurrection, and discussing the prevailing tendencies in the scholarship on Paradiso 14 and the body–soul relationship in the Commedia, this essay provides a new interpretation of this canto from a social and political perspective. It argues that in Dante’s eschatological vision, the resurrected body appears to be essential for the ultimate fulfillment of humanity’s social nature.
本文研究但丁对中世纪晚期最关键、最具争议性的学术问题之一--普遍复活后的圣视--的参与。这篇文章的重点是《乐园》第 14 章,其中所罗门王的角色解释说,灵魂与复活的肉体重聚后,对上帝的憧憬会增强。在简要重构了但丁对复活的处理所引发的神学争论,并讨论了有关《天堂 14》和《神曲》中身体与灵魂关系的学术研究的主流倾向之后,本文从社会和政治的角度对这一章节进行了新的诠释。文章认为,在但丁的末世论视野中,复活的身体似乎对人类社会性的最终实现至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
A Snapshot of Ongoing Transculturalism in Britain: Refugee NGO Website Personal Narratives and Global Border Crossing—A Case Study 英国正在进行的跨文化活动剪影:难民非政府组织网站个人叙事与全球跨境--案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.3390/h13020058
Eduardo de Gregorio-Godeo
With a focus on refugees’ written personal narratives on refugee NGO websites, this paper examines ongoing transculturalism in Britain and its interplay with globalization and current international migration. Conceiving such personal narratives as cultural texts pertaining to refugee narratives as a broad genre that encompasses different storytelling modalities, those personal stories on refugee NGO websites are explored from a cultural studies perspective. CDA is employed as a methodology for this cultural studies-oriented piece. A qualitatively oriented case study is accordingly presented based on the detailed examination of an example of such written narratives on the website of one such refugee NGO in the UK so as to instantiate and contribute to disentangling the articulation of this characteristic form of ongoing transculturalism. Special emphasis is laid on the discursive construction of refugees’ transcultural identities in such narratives through their participation in those global border-crossing processes characteristic of the contemporary landscape.
本文以难民非政府组织网站上的难民书面个人叙事为重点,探讨了英国当前的跨文化主义及其与全球化和当前国际移民的相互作用。将此类个人叙事视为与难民叙事相关的文化文本,将其视为一种涵盖不同叙事方式的广泛体裁,从文化研究的角度探讨了难民非政府组织网站上的个人故事。本研究以文化研究为导向,采用了CDA方法。在详细研究英国一家难民非政府组织网站上的此类书面叙事实例的基础上,相应地提出了一项定性导向的案例研究,以便对这种正在进行的跨文化主义的特征形式的表述进行实例分析并做出贡献。研究特别强调了难民通过参与当代景观所特有的全球跨界进程,在此类叙述中对其跨文化身份的话语建构。
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引用次数: 0
A Place to Meet: Community and Companionship in the Magazine of the London School of Medicine for Women, 1895–1905 相聚的地方:1895-1905 年伦敦女子医学院杂志中的社区与陪伴
Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.3390/h13020057
Mary Chapman
At the turn of the twentieth century, British women were able to qualify as medical doctors and enter professional practice for the first time. However, they often remained excluded from the specialist journals which were crucial for knowledge exchange during this period. As a result, they formed several of their own periodicals, including the Magazine of the London School of Medicine for Women (1895–1947), which this paper discusses. Significantly, the Magazine not only provided female doctors with the opportunity for intellectual communication, but social interaction too. This paper will explore how the periodical regularly published community-building content, which emphasised friendship as a key component of female doctors’ relationships. The Magazine encouraged the sharing of humour, stories, and intimate news which both articulated and generated companionship amongst subscribers. Through this content, the Magazine wove professional connections into personal bonds, telling a story of medical sisterhood and offering a welcoming textual meeting place to a disparate network of female doctors.
二十世纪之交,英国女性首次获得了医生资格并开始专业执业。然而,在这一时期,她们往往仍被排除在对知识交流至关重要的专业期刊之外。因此,她们创办了几份自己的期刊,包括本文讨论的《伦敦女子医学院杂志》(1895-1947 年)。重要的是,该杂志不仅为女医生提供了知识交流的机会,还提供了社交互动的机会。本文将探讨该期刊如何定期发表建立社区的内容,强调友谊是女医生关系的重要组成部分。该杂志鼓励分享幽默、故事和亲密新闻,这些内容既表达了订户之间的友谊,也产生了订户之间的友谊。通过这些内容,杂志将专业联系融入到个人纽带中,讲述了一个医学姐妹情谊的故事,并为分散的女医生网络提供了一个温馨的文字聚会场所。
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引用次数: 0
Refugees and Representation: Introduction—The Mimesis of Diaspora 难民与代表性:导言--散居地的模仿
Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3390/h13020056
Adam Zachary Newton
In keeping with the title we have chosen for this follow-up volume to the Special Issue “Ethics and Literary Practice I”, we frame our introduction and summary of the essays collected here with a brief archaeology of modern literary realism at its conjoined genesis in classical Greece and the ancient Near East; such contextualization serves as a prescient backdrop for the varied focus, across a compilation of thirteen articles, on refugees and their representation [...]
为了与 "伦理与文学实践 I "特刊后续卷的标题保持一致,我们在介绍和总结本卷收录的文章时,简要介绍了现代文学现实主义在古典希腊和古代近东的共同起源;这种背景介绍为十三篇文章汇集的不同焦点--难民及其代表性--提供了先见之明的背景[......]。
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引用次数: 0
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