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The features of the "electronic nomad" and the risks in his life 电子游民 "的特点及其生活中的风险
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2023.11.54681
E. Darchinov
The object of the study is a new type of personality that emerged under the influence of digitalization of society – the "electronic nomad". The purpose of the article is to identify its features and problematize the risks arising in the digital world (including on the Internet, social networks, etc.). Research methods – analytical and interdisciplinary approach. As a result of the analysis of the works devoted to the "electronic nomad", the author identified its characteristics. This type of personality is characterized by the ability to function in a multidirectional way in a digital environment through mobile devices and access to the Network, as well as freedom in their movements and manifestations. Subordination to technical devices allows researchers to call an "electronic nomad" a technohuman. In addition to the many advantages that facilitate the life of the "electronic nomad", the digital environment also carries significant risks. These include computer addiction, alienation, manipulation of information, total control, the possibility of leakage of various, including personal, data and information, immorality of relationships in the digital environment, the competitive war of "nomads". The listed negative factors associated with the functioning of the "electronic nomad" in the digital world actualize the problem of creating digital law and paying attention to the moral education of the individual. The conducted analysis initiates further interdisciplinary studies of the "electronic nomad" by specialists from different scientific fields, and the results obtained will help not only to draw up his portrait, but also to predict behavioral algorithms and minimize possible risks.
研究对象是在社会数字化影响下出现的一种新型人格--"电子游民"。文章的目的是确定其特征,并就数字世界(包括互联网、社交网络等)中出现的风险提出问题。研究方法--分析和跨学科方法。通过对 "电子游民 "相关著作的分析,作者确定了 "电子游民 "的特征。这种类型的个性特征是能够通过移动设备和访问网络在数字环境中以多向方式发挥作用,并且在行动和表现形式上都很自由。由于服从于技术设备,研究人员可以将 "电子游牧者 "称为技术人。除了为 "电子游民 "的生活提供便利的诸多优势之外,数字环境也蕴含着巨大的风险。这些风险包括电脑成瘾、疏远、信息操纵、完全控制、各种(包括个人)数据和信息泄漏的可能性、数字环境中的不道德关系、"游牧者 "之间的竞争战争。所列举的与 "电子游民 "在数字世界中的运作有关的负面因素,现实了制定数字法律和关注个人道德教育的问题。所进行的分析促使不同科学领域的专家对 "电子游民 "进行进一步的跨学科研究,所获得的结果不仅有助于为其画像,还有助于预测其行为算法并将可能的风险降至最低。
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引用次数: 0
Heidegger and Plato's idea of the Good 海德格尔与柏拉图的 "善 "理念
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2023.11.69032
Aleksei Mikhailovich Gaginskii
The article deals with the question of Plato's reception in Heidegger's philosophy. In particular, the research focuses on the question of how Heidegger interpreted the idea of the good from Plato's "State". Here a number of difficulties important for the history of philosophy arise. What is the ontological status of the idea of good? How is the idea of the good connected with the demiurge from the dialogue "Timaeus"? On the one hand, it is well known that the late Heidegger criticized Plato and all European metaphysics, which was and remains Platonism. On the other hand, the early Heidegger clearly presents an attempt to master the shining heights of Platonism: the question of the meaning of being needs an angle from which a definite answer can be highlighted – and Heidegger borrows this angle from Plato. Just as the good endows existence with being and truth, so the understanding of being is possible from time, because it is temporality that is the condition for understanding being, it highlights its meaning. And if Plato's being "pounces" on the good, or on the one, then for Heidegger, time is such a condition. This line of thought, fundamental to the whole project of fundamental ontology, is directly related to the philosophy of Plato, who for the first time was able to rise so high as to become ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας, to see things as if from the outside, i.e. in the light of the transcendent idea of good. Nevertheless, Heidegger criticizes Plato, which allows us to raise the question: how did Heidegger understand Platonic ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας and the doctrine of the good? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally, since Heidegger approached this question from different sides and at different times interpreted this most important position of the Greek thinker in different ways. Nevertheless, the main remarks can be reduced to two: (1) the good was conceived by Plato as something moral and therefore mixed with the existing, (2) the good subordinates the being, brings it under fitness.
文章探讨了柏拉图在海德格尔哲学中的接受问题。研究的重点尤其是海德格尔如何从柏拉图的 "国家 "中解读善的理念。这里出现了一些对哲学史非常重要的难题。善的理念的本体论地位是什么?善的观念与 "蒂迈欧篇 "对话中的神是如何联系在一起的?一方面,众所周知,晚期海德格尔批判柏拉图和所有欧洲形而上学,而柏拉图主义过去是,现在仍然是。另一方面,早期的海德格尔显然试图掌握柏拉图主义的光辉高地:存在的意义问题需要一个角度,从这个角度可以突出一个明确的答案--海德格尔从柏拉图那里借用了这个角度。正如 "善 "赋予存在以 "存在 "和 "真理",对 "存在 "的理解也可以从时间出发,因为时间性是理解 "存在 "的条件,它凸显了 "存在 "的意义。如果说柏拉图的存在 "扑向 "善或一,那么对于海德格尔来说,时间就是这样一个条件。这一思路是整个基本本体论项目的基础,它与柏拉图的哲学直接相关,柏拉图第一次能够上升到如此之高的境界,成为ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας,从外部,即从善的超越理念的角度来看待事物。尽管如此,海德格尔还是批评了柏拉图,这让我们可以提出这样一个问题:海德格尔是如何理解柏拉图的ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας和善的学说的?要明确回答这个问题是不可能的,因为海德格尔从不同的侧面探讨了这个问题,并在不同的时期以不同的方式诠释了希腊思想家这一最重要的立场。然而,主要的评论可以归结为两点:(1) 柏拉图认为善是道德的东西,因此与现存的东西混合在一起;(2) 善从属于存在,使其处于合目的性之下。
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引用次数: 0
Appeal to the future in mass communication 大众传播对未来的呼吁
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2023.11.68821
A. Gavrish, E. Gulyaeva, L. G. Kompaneeva
This article, in the framework of the system approach, considers the category of the future from the perspective of such scientific disciplines as philosophy, discourse linguistics, communication theory, psychology, methodology of science. The authors complete a definitional analysis of concepts related to the human ability to pre-empt the upcoming events (intuition, anticipation, guess, hypothesis, supposition, prediction, forecasting, prophecy). On the material of English-language and Russian-language media texts, the authors show that future can often become a subjective informational base for addressing to the mass audience by public personalities, including politicians. This probably happens due to the patterns of functioning of the human psyche, and due to the fact that there is a constant public request for information appealing to the future time category. Such a request doesn’t often depend on cultural-historical specificity. The authors conclude that prophecy can be understood as a personal particularly significant future and an axiologically super valuable reference point for future discursive connections. Some features of prophecy may include a wide emotional range, which is usually expressed in a compact form, but is potentially unlimited. The axiology of prophecy includes its ability to reduce or modify an area of intact uncertainty. Prophecies largely ensure the existence of emotionally significant non-rejected information, lacking most of the characteristic attributes of a connection with the present or the past. Studying of the deeper philosophical understanding of «prophecy» can become a prospect of further research.
本文在系统方法的框架内,从哲学、话语语言学、传播理论、心理学、科学方法论等科学学科的角度探讨了未来的范畴。作者完成了对与人类预知未来事件能力有关的概念(直觉、预期、猜测、假设、推测、预测、预报、预言)的定义分析。作者以英语和俄语媒体文本为素材,说明未来往往成为包括政治家在内的公众人物向大众受众发表讲话的主观信息基础。出现这种情况可能是由于人类心理的运作模式,也可能是由于公众不断要求获得诉诸未来时间类别的信息。这种要求往往并不取决于文化历史的特殊性。作者的结论是,预言可以被理解为个人的特别重要的未来,以及未来话语联系的公理上超值的参照点。预言的一些特点可能包括情感范围广,通常以紧凑的形式表达,但也可能是无限的。预言的公理包括其减少或改变完整的不确定性领域的能力。预言在很大程度上确保了具有情感意义的非拒绝信息的存在,缺乏与现在或过去联系的大部分特征属性。研究对 "预言 "更深层次的哲学理解可以成为进一步研究的前景。
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引用次数: 0
External and internal analogies in social and philosophical knowledge in the context of the problem of homogeneity-heterogeneity of societies 从社会的同一性-异质性问题看社会和哲学知识中的外部和内部类比关系
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2023.11.68810
Ivan Igorevich Komissarov
The subject of this work is social models that are constructed by using external and internal analogies. External social analogies imply a reference to an object that is studied within the framework of a science being external to social knowledge (physics, chemistry, biology, etc.). In particular, the mechanistic, elementary (chemical) and geological varieties of them are considered. Internal analogies imply a reference to an object that is directly related to the social sciences, social philosophy. Hence, the Baudrillard’s symbolic exchange, McDonaldization and eBayization models are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the dichotomy of homogeneity-heterogeneity of societies which is revealed within the consideration of corresponding antagonistic social concepts. As a result, after classifying social models from the point of view of external and internal analogies used by creators of these models, the reasons were identified explaining that analogical thinking is so generally accepted and popular in social philosophy. Namely, analogies allow a social model to be more tangible and visual as well as they give it credibility and novelty. In relation to the idea of the homogeneity or heterogeneity of human societies, external and internal analogies allow us to conceptually «color» these abstract notions. The spread of internal analogies presupposes the emancipation of social science from the influence of the idea of necessity to build social models in accordance with natural science – the idea that finds vivid expression in models based on external analogies.
这项工作的主题是利用外部和内部类比构建社会模型。外部社会类比指的是在社会知识(物理、化学、生物等)之外的科学框架内研究的对象。特别是机械类比、基本类比(化学类比)和地质类比。内部类比指的是与社会科学、社会哲学直接相关的对象。因此,我们分析了鲍德里亚的符号交换、麦当劳化和 eBay 化模式。其中特别关注了社会的同质-异质二分法,这在对相应的对立社会概念的思考中得到了揭示。因此,在从这些模式的创造者所使用的外部和内部类比的角度对社会模式进行分类之后,找出了类比思维在社会哲学中被普遍接受和流行的原因。也就是说,类比使社会模式更加具体和形象,并赋予其可信性和新颖性。就人类社会的同质性或异质性而言,外部类比和内部类比可以让我们从概念上为这些抽象概念 "着色"。内部类比的传播预示着社会科学将摆脱必须按照自然科学建立社会模型的观念的影响--这种观念在基于外部类比的模型中得到了生动的体现。
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引用次数: 0
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